Au/ZrO2催化CO氧化反应中ZrO2纳米粒子的尺寸效应

从同一ZrO(OH)₂出发制备了三种不同尺寸的ZrO₂纳米颗粒(ZrO₂-CP: 40～200 nm, ZrO₂-AN: 18～25 nm, ZrO₂-AD: 10～15 nm), 采用沉积-沉淀方法制备了相应的Au/ZrO₂催化剂. 用XRD, XRF, TEM和低温N₂吸附对ZrO₂和Au/ZrO₂进行了表征. XRD和TEM分析表明Au/ZrO₂样品中Au粒子的平均尺寸为4～5 nm, 而ZrO₂的晶相和颗粒大小没有因为“负载”Au粒子而发生变化. CO催化氧化反应的结果表明, Au/ZrO₂催化活性随着ZrO₂纳米粒子尺寸的减小活性明显增加. TEM/HRTEM结果表明, Au/ZrO₂催化剂中Au粒子与ZrO₂颗粒接触界面随ZrO₂颗粒尺寸的减小而明显增加, 这很可能是含有更小尺寸ZrO₂纳米粒子的Au/ZrO₂催化剂具有更高催化活性的重要原因.     

Au/ZrO2催化CO氧化反应中ZrO2纳米粒子的尺寸效应

从同一ZrO(OH)2出发制备了三种不同尺寸的ZrO2纳米颗粒(ZrO2-CP：40-200nm,ZrO2-AN;18～25nm,ZrO2-AD：10～15nm),采用沉积-沉淀方法制备了相应的Au/ZrO2催化剂,用XRD,XRF,TEM和低温N2吸附对ZrO2和Au/ZrO2进行了表征．XRD和TEM分析表明Au/ZrO2样品中Au粒子的平均尺寸为4～5nm,而Zr02的晶相和颗粒大小没有因为“负载”Au粒子而发生变化．CO催化氧化反应的结果表明,Au／ZrO2催化活性随着ZrO2纳米粒子尺寸的减小活性明显增加．TEM／HRTEM结果表明,Au／ZrO2催化剂中Au粒子与ZrO2颗粒接触界面随ZrO2颗粒尺寸的减小而明显增加,这很可能是含有更小尺寸ZrO2纳米粒子的Au／ZrO2催化剂具有更高催化活性的重要原因。     

CO2重整甲烷反应高效稳定Ni/ZrO2催化剂的纳米结构特点

分别通过在常压流动N2气中加热处理ZrO(OH)2醇凝胶和在空气中焙烧ZrO(OH)2水凝胶制备了含不同晶相组成和不同尺寸ZrO2纳米粒子的Ni/ZrO2催化剂.Ni/ZrO2催化剂上CO2重整CH4反应的活性和稳定性以及多种催化剂表征(XRD,TEM,TPR及TPD等)数据表明,高效稳定的Ni/ZrO2催化剂必须具有“金属/氧化物”纳米复合物的特征.ZrO2纳米粒子的晶相组成对CO2重整甲烷反应中纳米复合物型Ni/ZrO2催化剂的稳定性没有明显影响.     

MoO3/ZrO2纳米固体强酸催化剂的制备及其在异丁烷-丁烯烷基化反应中的应用

利用AOT/异辛烷反胶束体系制备了MoO3/ZrO2纳米粒子.TEM结果表明,反胶束法制得粒子的粒径均匀,95%以上处于38～60nm之间.将此纳米粒子负载于γ-Al2O3上,呈现高度分散状态.NH3-TPD和烷基化反应的测定结果表明,其酸量和反应活性明显高于浸渍法和溶胶-凝胶法制备的样品,烷基化产物中C8的含量在79%左右.     

纳米SO42-/ZrO2的合成及其在酯交换反应中的催化性能

采用两步晶化-后浸渍法合成了纳米SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2固体酸催化剂,并考察了其在植物油与甲醇酯交换反应中的催化性能。XRD、N2吸附-脱附和TEM等结果表明,经过600℃焙烧,催化剂仍保持单一四方相,粒径大小为5~10 nm,比表面积为137 m2·g~(-1),孔径为3.6 nm。NH3-TPD结果表明,随着焙烧温度升高,催化剂表面的酸含量和酸强度逐渐增加,超强酸含量的增加,更有利于反应在温和条件下进行。在酯交换反应中,当醇油物质的量之比为20∶1,反应温度为135℃,反应时间为6 h,600℃焙烧后催化剂用量为5%(w/w)时,植物油能够完全转化为脂肪酸甲酯。与传统的SO42-/Zr O2催化剂相比,该催化剂在低温反应条件下具有更高的催化性能和良好的重复使用性。     

微乳液法制备Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3型固体超强酸催化剂及其异构化性能

采用微乳液法负载Pt制备了Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3(Pt-SZA-M)固体超强酸催化剂, 以正戊烷异构化反应为探针, 对比了微乳液法和浸渍法负载Pt制备的催化剂(Pt-SZA)的异构化性能, 并采用XRD, FTIR, BET, TG-DTA, TPR和TEM对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 与Pt-SZA催化剂相比, Pt-SZA-M催化剂中Pt粒子的粒径更小(4.5 nm)且尺寸更均一; Pt-SZA-M催化剂的比表面积(109.6 m2/g)比Pt-SZA催化剂(95.0 m2/g)增加了15.4%. Pt-SZA-M催化剂的初始还原温度比Pt-SZA催化剂降低了10~20℃, 表明微乳液法负载Pt可以提高催化剂的氧化活性, 提高氢分子在催化剂上的吸附解离能力. 异构化活性实验结果表明, 与Pt-SZA催化剂相比, Pt-SZA-M催化剂的低温活性得到明显改善, 在反应压力为2.0 MPa、 氢烃摩尔比为4: 1、 质量空速为1.0 h-1的条件下, Pt-SZA-M催化剂在反应温度为230℃时活性达到60.8%, 在100 h内异戊烷的收率可稳定在58.0%左右, 选择性在95.0%以上.     

静电纺丝法制备ZrO2纳米纤维

纳米级ZrO：因具有高氧离子传导和高折射率而被广泛应用于催化剂、氧传感器、燃料电池以及对Cr(Ⅵ)污染的处理等方面．目前已成功地制备了ZrO2的纳米颗粒、纳米管及纳米薄膜等．但是，对于具有准一维结构的ZrO2纳米纤维的制备及性能研究尚未见报道．     

纳米SO42-/ZrO2的合成及其在酯交换反应中的催化性能

采用两步晶化-后浸渍法合成了纳米SO₄^2-/ZrO₂固体酸催化剂,并考察了其在植物油与甲醇酯交换反应中的催化性能。XRD、N₂吸附-脱附和TEM等结果表明,经过600℃焙烧,催化剂仍保持单一四方相,粒径大小为5~10 nm,比表面积为137 m²·g^-1,孔径为3.6 nm。NH₃-TPD结果表明,随着焙烧温度升高,催化剂表面的酸含量和酸强度逐渐增加,超强酸含量的增加,更有利于反应在温和条件下进行。在酯交换反应中,当醇油物质的量之比为20：1,反应温度为135℃,反应时间为6 h,600℃焙烧后催化剂用量为5%（w/w）时,植物油能够完全转化为脂肪酸甲酯。与传统的SO₄^2-/ZrO₂催化剂相比,该催化剂在低温反应条件下具有更高的催化性能和良好的重复使用性。     

基于Cu-Fc配位聚合物衍生的Pt-Cu/CuxFeyO@C催化1,4-丁炔二醇加氢性能研究

1,4-丁烯二醇是精细化工领域的重要中间体,有着广泛的应用.采用异丙醇还原氯铂酸制备Pt纳米颗粒,并通过浸渍法将其负载于1,1’-二茂铁二羧酸(Fc)与CuCl_2·2H_2O水热法合成的Cu-Fc配位聚合物,干燥焙烧后制备得到Pt-Cu/Cu_xFe_yO@C催化剂,利用XRD、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热重分析仪(TG)、N_2吸附脱附仪等表征手段对所制备的催化剂进行表征,对比了催化剂焙烧前后加氢效果,并考察了催化剂与底物的物质的量之比对1,4-丁炔二醇加氢制备1,4-丁烯二醇的影响.结果表明,以焙烧后制备的5%Pt-Cu/Cu_xFe_yO@C催化剂,在n催化剂∶n原料=1∶2 000,温度为120℃,H_2压力为4 MPa,反应时间为30 min的条件下,加氢反应的转化率为100%,生成1,4-丁烯二醇选择性为96.1%.     

纳米TiO2-SiO2复合氧化物的制备与性质

采用溶胶-凝胶结合CO2超临界干燥方法制备了比表面积大、热稳定性好的纳米TiO2-SiO2复合氧化物.考察了原料组成和焙烧温度对复合氧化物比表面积、热稳定性和酸性的影响,通过加氢脱硫反应考察了该复合氧化物作为加氢精制催化剂载体的可行性.结果表明,采用该方法制备的复合氧化物为纳米颗粒,在n(Ti)/n(Si)=1时,其比表面积和孔容最大;与纯TiO2相比,引入SiO2明显提高了复合氧化物的热稳定性和晶型稳定性;以此复合氧化物为载体的加氢精制催化剂具有很好的低温脱硫活性,TiO2-SiO2复合氧化物载体的酸性特征影响了催化剂的加氢脱硫活性.     

Remarkable nanosize effect of zirconia in Au/ZrO2 catalyst for CO oxidation

Nanosize effect of ZrO2 in Au/ZrO2 catalyst was studied by deposition-precipitation of Au nanoparticles in similar sizes (4-5 nm) on ZrO2 nanoparticles of varying sizes. The catalysts were characterized with XRD, TEM, XPS, and nitrogen adsorption to understand the effect of ZrO2 particle size on the catalytic nanostructures. Nanocomposite Au/ZrO2 catalysts consisting of comparably sized Au-metal (4-5 nm) and ZrO2 (5-15 nm) nanoparticles are found advantageous over those containing similarly sized Au-metal but larger ZrO2 (40-200 nm) particles for CO oxidation. This finding may have important implications on the designed preparation of advanced nanostructured catalysts and other chemical materials.     

以水热法合成的ZrO_2负载Au催化剂上的低温水煤气变换反应

采用一种简便的水热法合成了一系列ZrO2,并采用沉积-沉淀法制得相应1.0%Au/ZrO2催化剂,在模拟甲醇重整气气氛下评价了它们的低温水煤气变换(WGS)反应催化性能.结果发现,于150oC水热合成的ZrO2负载的Au催化剂活性最佳,240oC反应时CO转化率达87%,明显高于相同反应条件下Au负载量较高的Au/Fe2O3,Au/CeO2及Au/CeZrO4催化剂.采用X射线衍射、原子吸收光谱、N2物理吸脱附及扫描电子显微镜等手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明,Au/ZrO2催化剂的总孔体积及平均孔径越大、圆形片状形貌越规整,其低温WGS催化活性就越高.     

MIL-100(Fe) Supported Pt−Co Nanoparticles as Active and Selective Heterogeneous Catalysts for Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene

Superior catalytic performance for selective 1,3-butadiene (1,3-BD) hydrogenation can usually be achieved with supported bimetallic catalysts. In this work, Pt−Co nanoparticles and Pt nanoparticles supported on metal–organic framework MIL-100(Fe) catalysts (MIL=Materials of Institut Lavoisier, PtCo/MIL-100(Fe) and Pt/MIL-100(Fe)) were synthesized via a simple impregnation reduction method, and their catalytic performance was investigated for the hydrogenation of 1,3-BD. Pt1Co1/MIL-100(Fe) presented better catalytic performance than Pt/MIL-100(Fe), with significantly enhanced total butene selectivity. Moreover, the secondary hydrogenation of butenes was effectively inhibited after doping with Co. The Pt1Co1/MIL-100(Fe) catalyst displayed good stability in the 1,3-BD hydrogenation reaction. No significant catalyst deactivation was observed during 9 h of hydrogenation, but its catalytic activity gradually reduces for the next 17 h. Carbon deposition on Pt1Co1/MIL-100(Fe) is the reason for its deactivation in 1,3-BD hydrogenation reaction. The spent Pt1Co1/MIL-100(Fe) catalyst could be regenerated at 200 °C, and regenerated catalysts displayed the similar 1,3-BD conversion and butene selectivity with fresh catalysts. Moreover, the rate-determining step of this reaction was hydrogen dissociation. The outstanding activity and total butene selectivity of the Pt1Co1/MIL-100(Fe) catalyst illustrate that Pt−Co bimetallic catalysts are an ideal alternative for replacing mono-noble-metal-based catalysts in selective 1,3-BD hydrogenation reactions.     

Comparison of arsenate, chromate and molybdate binding on schwertmannite: Surface adsorption vs anion-exchange

We have synthesized a series of nanocatalysts with different sizes (50-200 nm) for polymerization of 1,3-butadiene (Bd) by immobilizing salicylaldimine cobalt complexes on the mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The prepared catalysts have been characterized by infrared (IR) spectra, thermal gravimetric analyses (TGAs), chemical composition analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The nanocatalysts in combination with methylaluminoxane (MAO) show excellent catalytic efficiency in polymerization of 1,3-butadiene. The results reveal that these nanocatalysts also show higher activity than the homogeneous analog of cobalt complex and the same catalyst on bulky mesoporous silica supporting materials. The yield and the molecular weight of the poly-butadiene product depend on the particle size of the catalyst support. This catalysis process is also a facile way to directly synthesize the polymer/silica composite materials.     

Au/TiO2催化剂制备条件对巴豆醛选择加氢的影响

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了纳米Au/TiO2催化剂, 以X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行了系统的表征, 并考察了该催化剂在巴豆醛液相加氢制巴豆醇反应中的催化性能. 通过改变活化气氛、负载量和还原温度, 能够调节Au粒子的尺寸及金属与载体间的相互作用. 在673 K还原条件下制备Au质量分数为9.2%的Au/TiO2 催化剂上, Au粒子的平均粒径为2 nm, 初始加氢速率达到13.7×10-5 mol·s-1·g-1, 同时巴豆醇最高收率可达69.9%. 结合表征结果, 该催化剂良好的巴豆醛选择加氢性能归属为载体TiO2在还原条件下产生的氧缺陷位对Au纳米粒子的锚定作用及给电子作用.     

Active and Recyclable Gold Metal Nanoparticles Catalyst Supported on Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon for Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde to Cinnamyl Alcohol

Several supported gold metal catalysts with different Au nanoparticles sizes were prepared and evaluated for the chemoselective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CA) to cinnamyl alcohol (CAL). To investigate the structure-activity relationship, stability of catalyst, heterogeneity and recyclability, the structural characteristics of materials and Au catalysts (fresh and spent catalysts) were studied by employing variety of physico-chemical techniques. The interrelationship among Au nanoparticles size (nm) with turnover frequency (h⁻¹) of Au catalysts has also been explored. Among the various Au catalysts tested, nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (NMC) supported Au catalyst having homogeneously dispersed (78.8%) Au nanoparticles (1.6 nm) synthesized by sol-immobilization method (Au-NMC-SI) demonstrated improved catalytic activity affording 78% CAL selectivity and 94.2% CA conversion without using any promoter. Moreover, Au-NMC-SI catalyst exhibited good recyclability and stability. The catalyst synthesis approach described in this investigation opens up a novel strategy for the design of highly efficient metal nano-catalysts supported on NMC materials.     

A colloid "digesting" route to novel, thermally stable high surface area ZrO2 and Pd/ZrO2 catalytic materials

Zirconia having high thermal stability and high surface area (up to 160 m(2)/g at 700 degrees C) has been prepared by a colloidal "digesting" process. This material having demonstrated high surface areas at elevated temperatures was then applied as a catalyst support. A Pd colloid with diameter of approximately 12 nm has been successfully deposited on the high surface area zirconia material. All systems have been well characterized by TEM, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption isotherms, FTIR, elemental analysis and dynamic light scattering techniques. The colloidal Pd particles have been found homogeneously well dispersed in the hydrous zirconia matrix without aggregation. The Pd/ZrO2 catalysts have been screened for cyclohexene and 1-hexene hydrogenation activity and it was found that the catalyst is extremely active.     

金属有机骨架高温自还原制备高性能等级孔碳负载Co基催化剂

以钴基金属有机框架为前驱体, 利用一步高温碳化自还原法, 通过精确调控碳化过程, 实现等级孔道结构及钴纳米颗粒分散性的可控调节, 制备出高催化活性及产物选择性的等级孔碳负载Co基催化剂. 研究发现, 600 ℃碳化后的催化剂为具有高比表面积的等级孔道结构和高分散的钴纳米颗粒, 在选择性催化1,3-丁二烯加氢反应中, 丁二烯完全转化温度低至60 ℃, 对应丁烯的选择性高达61%, 实现了低温高选择性催化加氢.     

甲醇在铁掺杂Pt-ZrO_2/C催化剂上的电氧化

应用溶胶-凝胶法制备不同铁掺杂量的ZrO2粉体,以ZrO2/C为载体制备Pt-Zr1-xFexO2/C催化剂电极.X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)表征载体及催化剂的表面形貌和晶体结构.结果表明,催化剂中Pt和ZrO2颗粒在活性炭表面均匀分布,铂颗粒尺寸为2~4 nm,ZrO2颗粒尺寸为3~7 nm.循环伏安法和计时电流法测定催化剂对甲醇电氧化作用,显示在ZrO2晶体中掺杂铁可以提高催化剂的甲醇电氧化活性.其性能与铁的掺杂量有关.