岗稔根五环三萜类化学成分的研究

首次对桃金娘Rhodomyrtus tomentosa根部(岗稔根)的化学成分展开研究,从其甲醇提取物中分离得到8个五环三萜类化合物.上述化合物的结构经一维、二维核磁共振谱和质谱等波谱技术分别鉴定为:23-O-顺式-对-香豆酰基-2α,3β-二羟基齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸(1),23-O-反式-对-香豆酰基-2α,3β-二羟基齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸(2),3β-O-反式-阿魏酰基-2α,23-二羟基齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸(3),3β-O-反式-对-香豆酰基-2α,23-二羟基齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸(4),3β-O-顺式-对-香豆酰基-2α,23-二羟基齐墩果烷-12-烯-28-酸(5),山楂酸(6),阿江揽仁酸(7)和2α,3β-dihydroxytaraxer-20-en-28-oic acid(8).其中化合物1和3为新的齐墩果烷型三萜,化合物2,4～6和8为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

固相微萃取结合气-质联用分析麻椒挥发性成分

以四川广元产的麻椒为原料,利用固相微萃取技术对麻椒中的挥发性成分进行提取,分别用装有HP-5ms和HP-INNOWAXms两种色谱柱的GC-MS进行分离与鉴定;采用质谱与保留指数进行定性,共鉴定出99种成分,其中烯烃类58种、醛类15种、醇类9种、酯类7种、酮类3种、其他烃类4种、其他化合物3种。采用面积归一化法确定了它们相对含量,含量较高的有芳樟醇、D-柠檬烯、β-崖柏烯、β-水芹烯、β-月桂烯、β-蒎烯、(-)-右旋吉玛烯、石竹烯、γ-萜品烯、3-崖柏烯、(Z)-β-罗勒烯、(1R)-(+)-α-蒎烯、(+)-3-蒈烯、(Z,Z,Z)-1,5,9,9四甲基-1,4,7环-十一碳三烯、萜品油烯。从鉴定出的挥发性成分的香气特征可知,烯烃类、醇类和醛类对麻椒的香气贡献较大。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定槐花中挥发性化学成分

槐花样品经蒸气蒸馏及乙醚萃取处理所得挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用法进行分析,按峰面积归一化法求出挥发性化学成分的相对含量.分离出42个峰,已鉴定了26个化合物,占其挥发油总相对含量的87.76%.已鉴定的有酸、酯、烯烃、醇、烷烃等10类化合物.其中酸类化合物占总色谱流出峰面积的30.53%,酯类占19.26%,烯烃类占18.01%,醇类占8.64%,烷烃类占5.52%.其主要组分有n-十六酸(26.43%)、17-三十五(烷)烯(14.84%)、喇叭茶萜醇(8.00%)、十六酸甲酯(4.18%)、肉豆蔻酸(4.10%)、8,11-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(3.79%)、月桂酸酐(3.60%)、9-十八(碳)炔酸甲酯(3.26%)、1,2-邻苯二甲酸丁基环己基酯(3.03%)、c-榄香烯(2.66%).     

内醚糖——Ⅶ.关于2,3-内醚-D-阿罗糖吡喃甙转化为3,6-内醚-D-葡萄糖吡喃甙的实驗証据

应用四步合成反应证实,在Haworth的吡喃糖甙透视结构中与C_6-侧链处于反位的2,3-内醚环可以在碱性试剂作用下转化为相应的3,6-内醚糖甙,为Ohle所提出的推论提供确切的实验证据。四步反应包括由2,3-二-O-对甲苯磺酰基-D-葡萄糖一α-甲基呲喃甙(ⅩⅢ),经三苯甲基化,得糖浆状的2,3-二-O-对甲苯磺酰基-6-O-三苯甲基-D-葡萄糖-α-甲基吡喃甙(ⅪⅤ)。然后应用Purdie-Irvine的方法进行甲基化,得结晶的2,3- 二-O-对甲苯磺酰基-4-O-甲基-6-O-三苯甲基-D-葡萄糖-α-甲基吡喃甙(ⅩⅤ);在乙酸酐中以乙酰溴置换ⅩⅤ的三苯甲基,生成糖浆状的2,3-二-O-对甲苯磺酰基-4-O-甲基-6-O-乙酰基-D-葡萄糖-α-甲基吡喃甙(ⅩⅥ)。再直接在氯仿中在0°用甲醇钠处理,得到两种结晶产物;其一为水溶性的2,3-内醚-4-甲基-D-阿罗糖-α-甲基吡喃甙(ⅪⅩ),另一为溶于有机溶剂中的2,3-二-O-对甲苯磺酰基-4-O-甲基-D-葡萄糖-α-甲基吡喃甙(ⅩⅦ)。两者的结构均经彻底甲基化为已知的结晶的2,3-内醚-4,6-二-O-甲基-D-阿罗糖-α-甲基吡喃甙(ⅩⅪ)和2,3-二-O-对甲苯磺酰基-4,6-二-O-甲基-D-葡萄糖-α-甲基吡喃甙(ⅩⅧ),加以确定。将2,3-内醚-4-O-甲基-D-阿罗糖-α-甲基吡喃甙(ⅪⅩ)在1N氢氧化钠溶液中处理得到54％产率的3,6-内醚-4-O-甲基-D-葡萄糖-α-甲基吡喃甙(ⅩⅩ),与Haworth,Owen和Smith由3,6-内醚-D-葡萄糖-α一甲基吡喃甙经部分甲基化而得的产物相同。对吡喃糖甙中的2,3-内醚环转化为3,6-内醚环体系进行了简单的构象分析。     

裂解氢化气相色谱/质谱法对聚乙烯类塑料裂解氢化产物微细结构的鉴别

采用裂解氢化气相色谱/质谱(Py-H-GC/MS)分析技术,对国内12个厂家、国外12个厂家生产的高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯及乙烯和α-烯烃共聚物类塑料的47个样品进行了分析。发现主链中存在的甲基短支链特征组分的含量与聚乙烯的类别有关,根据裂解氢化产物C12～C13之间存在的4个甲基短支链（5-甲基十二烷(5-MC12)、4-甲基十二烷(4-MC12)、2-甲基十二烷(2-MC12)、3-甲基十二烷(3-MC12)）相对含量的变化,可以将47个样品划分为8个类别。该方法的建立为法庭科学中常见的聚乙烯类塑料物证的鉴别提供了进一步的科学分析依据。     

气相色谱-质谱法对当归及其炮制品挥发油的指纹图谱和潜在标志物研究

建立了一种基于气相色谱-质谱技术(GC-MS)的化学指纹图谱,以发现当归及其不同炮制品潜在标志物的方法.利用GC-MS获得当归及其不同炮制品挥发油化学指纹图谱,对产生的75样本×259变量数据进行归一化、修正80％规则和数据缩放等方法预处理,通过正交校正偏最小二乘法(OPLS)模式识别方法对样品进行模式识别,根据模型的变量重要性因子(VIP)和非参数检验结果筛选出12个潜在标志物.经相关分析和结构鉴定,其中11个化合物分别被鉴定为丁内酯、萜烯醇、6-丁基-1,4环庚二烯、2-壬酮、6-十一烷酮、2-甲氧基苯酚、δ-榄香烯、4,5,6,7-四甲基苯酞、Z-丁烯基酞内酯、亚油酸甲酯、1,7-异丙基-4-甲基-1,4,5,6,7,7a-六氢-2H-茚-2-酮.     

内醚糖的研究Ⅵ.2,3-内醚-5-去羟-α-D-来苏糖甲基甙

自 D-阿拉伯糖经以下五步反应合成了2,3-内醚-5-去羟-α-D-来苏糖甲基甙 (Ⅵ):D-阿拉伯糖(Ⅰ)→D-阿拉伯糖甲基呋喃甙(Ⅱ,α-和β-端基差向异构体混合物)→2,3,5-三-O-对甲苯磺酰基-α-D-阿拉伯糖甲基呋喃甙(Ⅲ)→2,3-二-O-对甲苯磺酰基-5-去羟-5-碘代-α-D-阿拉伯糖甲基呋喃甙(Ⅳ)→2,3-二-O-对甲苯磺酰基-5-去羟-α-阿拉伯糖甲基甙(Ⅴ)→2,3-内醚-5-去羟-α-D-来苏糖甲基甙(Ⅵ)。最后产物(内醚糖)的结构是根据第三报中所提出的证据肯定的。     

从黑鳗藤藤茎中分离到的两个新C-21甾体苷

从黑鳗藤茎部分分离到两个新的C-21甾体苷，分别命名为黑鳗藤苷M (1)，N (2)，以及一个已知化合物stephanoside M (3)。通过化学方法和多种光谱手段，包括一维及二维核磁共振，这两个新化合物的结构可以鉴定为12-O-惕各酰基-20-O-N-甲基邻氨基苯甲酰基肉珊瑚苷元3-O-b-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→4)-6-去氧-3-O-甲基-b-D-阿洛吡喃糖基-(1→4)-b-D-磁麻吡喃糖基-(1→4)-b-D-磁麻吡喃糖苷(1)，以及12-O-桂皮酰基-20-O-烟酰基(20S)-孕甾烷-6-烯-3b,5a,8b,12b,14b,17b,20-庚醇3-O-b-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1→4)-6-去氧-3-O-甲基-b-D-阿洛吡喃糖基-(1→4)-b-D-磁麻吡喃糖基-(1→4)-b-D-磁麻吡喃糖苷(2)。     

鸡骨素及其酶解液的美拉德反应产物挥发性风味成分比较分析

利用固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱(SPME/GC-MS)联用与电子鼻(E-Nose)嗅探技术对鸡骨素美拉德反应产物(MRPs1)及鸡骨素酶解液美拉德反应产物(MRPs2)中的挥发性风味成分进行比较分析。在两种产物中共鉴定出77种挥发性化学成分,其中醇类18种、醛酮类23种、酸类3种、酯类10种、杂环类7种及其他类16种,两种产物中共有成分26种。与MRPs1相比,MRPs2中醛酮、杂环类化合物的相对含量较高,但前者的酯类物质含量更为丰富。(E)-2-辛烯-1-醇、(6Z,9Z)-十五碳二烯-1-醇、苯甲醛、辛醛、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、2-乙基-3-羟基-4(4H)-吡喃酮、2,3,5-三甲基-6-乙基吡嗪、2-[(甲基二硫基)甲基]呋喃构成了MRPs2的特有成分,γ-丁位十二内酯为MRPs1的特有成分。在两种反应产物中,除4-甲基-5-羟乙基噻唑的相对含量均较高外(MRP1相似文献   

内醚糖的研究——Ⅲ.2,3-内醚-5-去羟-α-L-来苏糖甲基甙

本文提出了一合成2,3-内醚-5-去羟戊糖烷基甙的途径;并报告了合成2,3-内醚-5-去羟-α-L-来苏糖甲基甙的结果。合成包括以下的步骤:L-阿拉伯糖→α-和β-L-阿拉伯糖甲基呋喃甙(Ⅶ)→2,3,5-三-O-对甲苯磺酰基-α-L-阿拉伯糖甲基呋喃甙(Ⅷ)→2,3-二-O-对甲苯磺酰基-5-碘代-5-去羟-α-L-阿拉伯糖甲基呋喃甙(Ⅸ)→2,3-二-O-对甲苯磺酰基-5-去羟-α-L-阿拉伯糖甲基味喃甙(Ⅹ)→2,3-内醚-5-去羟-α-L-来苏糖甲基呋喃甙(Ⅺ)。自 L-阿拉伯糖计算,总产率是20.8%。     

Diterpenes from the roots of Euphorbia kansui and their in vitro effects on the cell division of Xenopus (part 2)

Four new ingenane-type diterpenes, 3-O-(2,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-13-O-dodecanoyl-20-O-acetylingenol (1), 3-O-(2,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-13-O-dodecanoyl-20-deoxyingenol (2), 3-O-(2E,4Z-decadienoyl)-20-deoxyingenol (3), and 3-O-(2E,4E-decadienoyl)-20-deoxyingenol (4), two new jatrophane-type diterpenes, kansuinins D (9) and E (10), and four known ingenane-type diterpenes were isolated from the root of Euphorbia kansui. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical analysis, and individual Xenopus cells at the blastular stage were cultured with the diterpenes to test for biological activity. 20-Deoxyingenol diterpenes 3 and 4 induced the greatest cell cleavage arrest (0.5 micro g/ml of each compound resulted in >75% cleavage arrest), but cell cleavage inhibitory activity became weak when C-16 had an acyl residue. In contrast, the jatrophane diterpene kansuinin D (9) showed no activity.     

Isolation and characterisation of new bio-active compounds from Euphorbia cornigera: cytotoxic ingenol esters

The aerial parts of Euphorbia cornigera Boiss., on extraction with MeOH, yielded new bio-active constituents (1, 2) and known compounds (3 and 4) after MTT cytotoxicity assay-guided fractionation and chromatographic separation were conducted. From the aerial parts of E. cornigera Boiss., new bio-active constituents were extracted in methanol. The extract was partitioned in different organic solvents and the ethylacetate-soluble portion was subjected to Craig's distribution. The MTT cytotoxicity assay-guided chromatographic separation yielded four (1-4), out of which two (1, 2) were new and two known (3, 4) bio-active compounds, and they are reported for the first time from this source. Their structure and relative stereochemistry were established by analysing spectroscopic and mass measurement data. The isolates were named as: 13-O-[(2Z ,4 E ,6 Z)]-deca-2,4,6-trienoylingenol (1), 13-O-( 2 Z ,4 E ,6 Z)-deca-2,4,6-trienoyl-20-O-angeloylingenol (2), 13-O-dodecanoyl-20-O-hexanoylingenol (3) and 3-O-(2,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-13-O-dodecanoyl-20-O-hexadecanoylingenol (4). Literature revealed that compounds 1 and 2 are new metabolites, while 3 and 4 are known, and are reported for the first time from this source. Cytotoxicities of isolates were evaluated in terms of IC(50) against RAW and HT-29 cell lines through MTT assay using ambrucin hydrochloride as a control. Compound 3 showed more activity than control, while 1, 2 and 4 were moderate.     

3-Hydroxydihydrobenzofuran glucosides from Gnaphalium polycaulon

A new 3-hydroxydihydrobenzofuran glucoside, gnaphaliol 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), was isolated from the aerial parts of Gnaphalium polycaulon together with 1-{(2R*,3S*-3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-2-[1-(hydroxyl methyl)vinyl]-1-benzofuran-5-yl}-ethanone or gnaphaliol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (Z)-3-hexenyl O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and adenosine (4). The absolute configurations at C-2 and C-3 positions of compound 1 were determined to be 2R and 3R. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their physical and spectroscopic data.     

Fusaroside, a unique glycolipid from Fusarium sp., an endophytic fungus isolated from Melia azedarach

Fusaroside (1), a unique trehalose-containing glycolipid composed of the 4-hydroxyl group of a trehalose unit attached to the carboxylic carbon of a long-chain fatty acid, was isolated from the organic extract of fermentation broths of an endophytic fungus, Fusarium sp. LN-11 isolated from the leaves of Melia azedarach. Six known compounds, phalluside (2), (9R*,10R*,7E)-6, 9,10-trihydroxyoctadec-7-enoic acid (3), porrigenic acid (4), (9Z)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadeca-9-enoate (5), cerevisterol (6) and ergokonin B (7), were also isolated from this fungus. The glycolipid contains a rare branched long-chain fatty acid (C(20:4)) with a conjugated diene moiety and a conjugated ketone moiety. The structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR experiments, MS) and chemical degradations. The metabolites 1-5 were shown to have moderate to weak active against the brine shrimp larvae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation of the first representative of a new family of glycolipids from natural sources.     

Antitumor-promoting constituents from Chaenomeles sinensis KOEHNE and their activities in JB6 mouse epidermal cells

Primary screening of antitumor-promoting activity using soft agar colony assays with JB6 cells was employed to isolate 22 compounds from Chaenomeles sinensis KOEHNE. These compounds were lyoniresinol-2a-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (1), lyoniresinol-2a-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), aviculin (3), betulinic acid (4), betulin (5), 3-O-(E)-p-coumaroylbetulin (6), 3-O-(E)-caffeoylbetulin (7), 3-O-(Z)-p-coumaroylbetulin (8), 3-O-(E)-caffeoyllupeol (9), alphitolic acid (10), sorbikortal II (11), tormentic acid (12), euscaphic acid (13), corosolic acid (14), maslinic acid (15), erythrodiol (16), 1-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene (17), avicularin (18), 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylkaempferol (19), 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylgenistein (20), 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylgenistein (21), epicatechin (22), and beta-sitosterol (23) and were identified using spectral data such as MS, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR. Compound 1, having a rhamnosyl group, showed greater activity than 2, having a glucosyl group, and 3, which was a bis-demethoxy derivative of 1. Betulinic acid (4), having a C-28 carboxyl group, 3-O-(E)-caffeoylbetulin (7), and tormentic acid (12) showed more potent activity than betulin (5), which has a C-28 hydroxymethyl group.     

New insecticidal amides from petroleum ether extract of dried Piper nigrum L. whole fruits

The petroleum ether extract of dried ground whole fruits of Piper nigrum L. afforded 20 compounds (1-20) including two new insecticidal amides named as pipnoohine (1), and pipyahyine (2), seven reported for the first time from this plant (12, 13, 15-17, 19, 20), and eleven known compounds (3-11, 14, 18). The structure of 1 has been elucidated as (2E,4E,12Z)-N-(4-methylpentyl)octadeca-2,4,12-trienamide and that of 2 as (2E,4E,11E)-12-(benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-N-(3-methylbutyl)dodeca-2,4,11-trien-amide through extensive ID-, 2D-NMR spectral studies and chemical reactions. The known compounds have been identified through comparison of their spectral data with those reported in literature. 1 and 2 exhibited toxicity at 35.0 and 30.0 ppm respectively against fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti L. by WHO method.     

New galactolipids from the marine bacillariophycean microalga Nitzschia sp

Two new galactopyranosyldiacylglycerols have been isolated from the marine bacillariophycean microalga Nitzschia sp. and their structures were determined as (2S)-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-1,2-di-O-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)glycerol (1) and (2S)-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-1-O-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl)-2-O-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)glycerol (2) by physicochemical evidence.     

Studies on absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. V. The decomposition products of ginsenoside Rb2 in the large intestine of rats

The decomposition of ginsenoside Rb2 (Rb2) in the rat large intestine after oral administration was investigated in detail. A part of Rb2 was decomposed and six decomposition products (I-VI) were observed on thin-layer chromatogram. Among them, five products (I-V) were isolated, and identification of these compounds was done by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR). On the basis of 13C-NMR analysis, these compounds were identified as ginsenoside Rd (I), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20-O- [alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1----6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)- proto-panaxadiol (II), ginsenoside F2 (III), 20-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1----6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S )- protopanaxadiol (IV), and compound K (V), respectively.     

Study on the phenolic constituents of the flowers and leaves of Trifolium repens L

The flowers and leaves of Trifolium repens L. (Fabaceae) were subjected to phytochemical investigation in order to identify their major chemical constituents and to evaluate in?vitro antioxidant activity of the isolated compounds against DPPH˙. A total of 12 flavonoids, pterocarpan and methyl caffeate were isolated, then characterised by UV, MS, NMR spectroscopy and identified as quercetin and kaempferol 3-O-(6″-α-rhamnopyranosyl-2″-β-xylopyranosyl)-β-galactopyranosides (1, 2), kaempferol 3-O-(2″,6″-α-dirhamnopyranosyl)-β-galactopyranoside, mauritianin (3), quercetin and kaempferol 3-O-(2″-β-xylopyranosyl)-β-galactopyranosides (4, 5), kaempferol and quercetin 3-O-β-(6″-O-acetyl)-galactopyranosides (6, 7), trifolin (8), hyperoside (9), myricetin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside (10), quercetin (11), ononin (12), medicarpin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside (13) and methyl caffeate (14). Mauritianin, ononin, pterocarpan and methyl caffeate have been reported in this plant for the first time. The compounds 4, 7, 9, 10, and 11 were tested for their antioxidant effect against DPPH˙. All studied compounds were found to have potent activity, but the most effective in the test were compounds 9, 10 and 11 (EC(50) values in the range 7.51-9.52?μM).     

Activity-guided isolation and identification of free radical-scavenging components from various leaf extracts of Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz

Nine phenolics were obtained from the leaves of Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz by activity-directed isolation: isorhamnetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside (1), astragalin (2), isoquercitrin (3), hyperoside (4), kaempferol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (5), quercetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (6), rutin (7), chlorogenic acid (8) and neochlorogenic acid (9). The isolates were identified by spectral methods (UV, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR, COSY, HMQC and HMBC), and their free radical-scavenging activity was tested using the l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The antioxidant potential of the different extracts obtained in the fractionation process was evaluated using the DPPH test in relation to the HPLC contents of the isolates 1-9, total phenolics and total proanthocyanidins. Among the analytes tested, superior activity was expressed by isoquercitrin (3, EC(50)?= 2.76 mg L(-1)) and the ethyl acetate extract (EC(50)?= 2.99 mg L(-1)). Five strongly active isolates 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 were found to be major components and to be principally responsible for the radical-scavenging activity of S. aria extracts.