聚(L-丙交酯)/聚(DL-丙交酯)的结晶性能及相溶性

用共溶液沉淀法制备了聚 (L 丙交酯 ) 聚 (DL 丙交酯 )共混物 (PLLA PDLLA) ,然后用成纤模压法压制成3 2mm的棒材 .用差示扫描量热法研究了共混物的结晶性能和相溶性 .结果表明 ,PLLA组分在共溶液沉淀过程中可生成结晶 ,共混物中PDLLA含量直到 30 %时 ,PLLA组分的结晶熔融温度和结晶度与纯PLLA相同 ,但PDLLA含量为 5 0 %时 ,PLLA组分的结晶熔融温度和结晶度明显下降 .由于加工成型条件的不一致性 ,共混物棒材中的PLLA组分的结晶熔融温度和结晶度呈较大的分散性 .共混物从熔体降温 ,在其后的升温DSC扫描中出现分别相应于PDLLA和PLLA的玻璃化转变 ,表明PDLLA与未结晶的PLLA形成的非晶相是不相溶的     

低左旋度聚丙交酯的分子结构及体外降解行为研究

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,135℃下低左旋度的l-丙交酯([a]_(Na)~(25)=—231°)开环聚合制备了低左旋度聚(l-丙交酯)[l-PLLA]([a]_(CHCl_3)~(25)=-119.7°),并用同核去偶~1H-NMR谱表征其分子链结构。用成纤模压法制备了该聚合物的棒材(φ=3.2mm)试样,研究了其在37℃的模拟体液(SBF)中的降解行为。结果表明,l-PLLA具有良好的力学性能,其初始弯曲强度(σ_b)、剪切强度(σ_s)以及弯曲模量(E_b)虽比聚(l-丙交酯)(PLLA)低,但均比聚(dl-丙交酯)(PDLLA)高得多,且材料表现出很好的韧性,呈非晶态,其分子量下降速率和失重速率都介于PLLA和PDLLA之间,可望是一种良好的骨折内固定材料。     

聚左旋乳酸/聚消旋乳酸共混物的结晶行为

非晶态聚消旋乳酸(PDLLA)对聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)的结晶行为有较大的影响。本文利用差示扫描量热仪和偏光显微镜对不同分子量PLLA、PDLLA按不同比例制得的共混物结晶进行了研究。结果表明,随PDLLA含量的增大PLLA冷结晶温度升高,且越接近熔融温度。PDLLA分子量较小时PLLA球晶特征被明显破坏,PDLLA分子量较大时PLLA更易保持球晶特征且易形成环带球晶形貌,这与结晶速率与非晶组分的扩散速率匹配程度有关。低分子量的PDLLA使PLLA的最大生长速率对应的温度出现在较低温度。     

用调制式差示扫描量热法表征尼龙6和聚乳酸升温热行为

用调制式差示扫描量热法(MDSC)表征尼龙6和聚乳酸升温过程热行为，MDSC把总热流分解成可逆热流ΔHrev和不可逆热流ΔHnon;实验结果表明纯尼龙及其共混体系升温熔融过程中包含了可逆放热峰；共混体系不同，可逆热流ΔHrev不同，都比纯尼龙小；纯尼龙可逆热流ΔHrev随调制周期延长而增大；聚乳酸玻璃化转变区，随老化时间的延长和老化温度的提高，玻璃化转变温度Tg提高，松弛热焓增大。     

聚左旋乳酸/聚消旋乳酸共混物的结晶行为

非晶态聚消旋乳酸(PDLLA)对PLLA的结晶行为有较大的影响。本文利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和偏光显微镜(POM)对不同分子量PLLA、PDLLA按不同比例制得的共混物结晶进行了系统研究。结果表明随PDLLA含量的增大PLLA冷结晶温度升高,且越接近熔融温度。PDLLA分子量较小时PLLA球晶特征被明显破坏,PDLLA分子量较大时PLLA更易形保持球晶特征且易形成环带球晶形貌,这与结晶速率与非晶组分的扩散速率匹配程度有关。低分子量的PDLLA使PLLA的最大生长速率对应的温度出现在较低温度。     

环氧丙烷聚醚三元醇/聚乳酸嵌段共聚物的合成与性能

以低不饱和度环氧丙烷聚醚三元醇与L型及DL型丙交酯为原料, 合成了不同单体物质的量比的聚醚与聚乳酸嵌段共聚物. 采用FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC对共聚物的结构进行了表征; 用DSC, DTA对共聚物的玻璃化转变温度、熔点及热分解温度进行了研究. 结果表明, 丙交酯在聚醚多元醇端羟基的引发下发生开环反应, 得到聚环氧丙烷L型乳酸(POLLA)或聚环氧丙烷DL型乳酸(PODLA)二嵌段共聚物. POLLA二嵌段共聚物具有结晶能力, 且随着L型聚乳酸链段的增长而增强. PODLA二嵌段共聚物为非晶态聚合物. 两种共聚物的玻璃化转变温度与共聚物的组成有关, 其值介于聚醚和聚乳酸玻璃化转变温度之间. 与聚醚三元醇相比, 二嵌段共聚物的耐热性得到提高, 其热分解温度提高了30～60 ℃, 约为235～262 ℃. 共聚物的结构和组成对材料的热降解机制有很大影响. PODLA在高温区发生热氧化降解.     

可降解聚氨酯丙烯酸酯生物材料的制备及其表征

以端羟基聚丙交酯(PLLA)为软段,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为硬段聚合得到端基为双键的低聚物,再在UV照射下固化得到可生物降解的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA)生物组织工程材料.PLLA由1,4-丁二醇引发L-丙交酯(L-LA)开环得到.PLLA和低聚物的组成结构用NMR和GPC进行了表征.对固化聚合物PUA的热性能(DSC和TGA)、力学性能(DMA和拉伸)和亲水性(接触角和溶胀)的研究表明增加PLLA软段会增加材料的Tg,但降低材料的亲水性和交联度.PLLA500-HDI的拉伸强度为6.7 MPa,可以满足生物材料的力学性能要求.通过体外降解实验,发现增加PUA材料的软段,降解速率下降.降解16周后,PLLA500-HDI降解最快,失重15.8%,而PLLA2000-HDI的降解速率最慢,失重5.5%,可能与其微相分离的结构有关.红外(ATR)分析表明降解的PUA膜中N—H的伸缩吸收峰(3364 cm-1)变宽和C O吸收峰变尖锐,说明主链中酯键和氨基甲酸酯键都发生了水解.热失重(TGA)曲线上PLLA500-HDI和PLLA1000-HDI降解后的PUA材料热稳定性下降,而PLLA2000-HDI变化不大.此外,在SEM图中发现降解的PLLA500-HDI膜表面出现裂纹和孔洞,PLLA2000-HDI材料表面也形成相分离结构.细胞实验说明材料支持细胞的黏附,有较好的生物相容性,具有应用于组织工程的潜力.     

L-丙交酯-β-苹果酸共聚物的体外降解及细胞亲和性研究

研究了具有功能侧基的新型生物降解高分子——— [聚 (L 丙交酯 co β 苹果酸 ) ](PLMA)在pH 7 4的磷酸缓冲溶液中的降解和鼠的 3T3成纤维细胞在共聚物膜表面的贴附及生长 .研究了不同组成的共聚物在降解过程中的失重、表面形貌、组成及分子量变化 ,发现PLMA为本体降解 ,共聚物中苹果酸含量的提高可以加速降解 ,降解过程中聚苹果酸 (PMA)链段附近的酯键先水解断裂 .鼠的 3T3成纤维细胞在聚L 丙交酯 (PLLA)均聚物和苹果酸含量为 4mol% ,8mol%和 13mol%的共聚物膜上培养 5h ,细胞贴附率分别为 4 3%、71%、80 %和 4 3% .3T3成纤维细胞在苹果酸含量为 4mol%和 8mol%的共聚物膜上的生长情况好于在PLLA均聚物和苹果酸含量为 13mol%含量的共聚物膜上的生长 .     

三臂支化PLLA-PDLA嵌段共聚物的合成及立构复合结晶行为

以三羟甲基乙烷为起始剂, 开环聚合L-丙交酯(LLA), 合成三臂支化左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)预聚物. 采用端基活化技术对预聚物进行端羟基活化, 再与D-丙交酯(DLA)进行开环聚合, 合成了不同分子量的三臂支化左旋聚乳酸-右旋聚乳酸(PLLA-PDLA)嵌段共聚物. 采用核磁共振谱和凝胶渗透色谱等对样品的结构和分子量进行测试, 结果表明,合成的嵌段共聚物链结构具有链段立构规整度和高分子量的特点; 通过调节DLA单体与PLLA预聚物的投料比, 可实现对PLLA-PDLA嵌段共聚物的序列结构调控. 差示扫描量热仪和广角X 射线衍射结果表明, 三臂支化PLLA-PDLA嵌段共聚物的异构体分子间生成立构复合晶体, 其熔点高于200℃; 共聚物的嵌段序列结构对材料的凝聚态转变行为有很大的影响.     

聚左旋乳酸/聚氧化乙烯共混物的拉伸行为及结构转变

采用熔融共混方法制备了聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)和超高分子量聚氧化乙烯(PEO)共混物, 通过差示扫描量热(DSC)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和二维广角X射线散射(2D-WAXS)等方法系统研究了PEO的加入对不同温度下PLLA拉伸行为及拉伸过程中微观结构变化的影响. 结果表明, PLLA/PEO共混物为非均相体系, PEO粒子均匀分布在PLLA中形成两相结构. PEO的加入能够显著降低PLLA的玻璃化转变温度(T_g), 在25～60 ℃范围内显著提高PLLA的拉伸性能. 在60 ℃拉伸时, PEO的加入提高了PLLA在拉伸过程中的结晶和形变能力. 在80 ℃拉伸时, 共混物的拉伸断裂伸长率下降, 但共混物的结晶速度仍高于纯PLLA样品.     

Competition between Liquid-liquid De-mixing,Crystallization, and Glass Transition in Solutions of PLA of Different Stereochemistry and DEET

Liquid-liquid(L-L)de-mixing and vitrification of solutions of either crystallizable poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA)or non-crystallizable poly(D/L-lactic acid)(PDLLA)with 50 m%N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide(DEET)were analyzed by calorimetry and cloud-point measurements,which allows drawing conclusions about the effect of polymer stereochemistry on the phase behavior.Regardless of the PLA stereochemistry,vitrification of the solutions on fast cooling,hindering crystallization of PLLA,occurred below-20℃ and suppressed prior L-L de-mixing.The experimental results prove that crystallization in samples containing crystallizable PLLA,observed at around 55℃ on slow cooling,is not preceded by L-L de-mixing.     

Lipase-catalyzed transformation of poly(lactic acid) into cyclic oligomers

Enzymatic transformations into cyclic oligomers were carried out with the objective of developing chemical recycling of poly(lactic acid)s, such as poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA), poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), which are typical biodegradable polymers. They were degraded by lipase in an organic solvent to produce the corresponding cyclic oligomer with a molecular weight of several hundreds. PDLLA (with a Mw of 84,000) was quantitatively transformed into cyclic oligomers by lipase RM (Lipozyme RM IM) in chloroform/hexane at 60 degrees C. PLLA (with a Mw of 120,000) was transformed into cyclic oligomer by lipase CA (Novozym 435) at a higher temperature of 100 degrees C in o-xylene. The oligomer structure was identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF (matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight) mass spectrometry.     

Grafting of maleic anhydride on poly(L-lactic acid). Effects on physical and mechanical properties

Maleic Anhydride (MAH) was grafted onto poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a radical initiator. The effect of the MAH and DCP concentrations on the grafting and the physical and mechanical properties of PLLA films were investigated. The glass transition temperature and crystallinity significantly decreased with addition of MAH. The thermal decomposition of the PLLA films was affected by the MAH content while the mechanical properties were almost unchanged. A slight increase in molecular weight was found, which could be attributed to either the MAH branching reaction or a possible crosslinking reaction between the PLLA chains increasing the chain entanglements.     

Temperature-dependent Crystallization and Phase Transition of Poly(L-lactic acid)/CO_2 Complex Crystals

Semicrystalline polymers can crystallize in the unique crystalline polymorph and show different phase behaviors under the highpressure CO_2 treatment. Understanding such unique crystallization and phase transition behavior is of fundamental importance for the CO_2-assisited processing of semicrystalline polymers. Herein, we investigated the polymorphic crystalline structure, phase transition, and structureproperty relationships of poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA) treated by CO_2 at different pressures(1-13 MPa) and crystallization temperatures(T_c's, 10-110 °C). PLLA crystallized in the PLLA/CO_2 complex crystals under 7-13 MPa CO_2 at T_c≤50 °C but the common α crystals under the high-pressure CO_2 at T_c≥70 °C. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated that the PLLA/CO_2 complex crystals possessed weaker interactions between the PLLA chains than the common α crystals. The PLLA/CO_2 complex crystals were metastable and transformed into the thermally stableα crystals via the solid-to-solid route during heating or annealing at the temperature above 50 °C. The complex crystals of PLLA produced at low T_c was more ductile than the α crystals due to the lower crystallinity and the plasticizing effect of CO_2.     

聚L-乳酸/4,4'-二羟基二苯硫醚共混物的分子间相互作用及结晶和熔融行为

利用红外吸收光谱(FTIR)研究了聚乳酸(PLLA)/4,4'-二羟基二苯硫醚(TDP)熔融共混物的分子间相互作用,结果表明,PLLA的羰基与TDP的羟基之间形成了分子间氢键.通过差示扫描量热(DSC)研究了共混物的玻璃化转变行为及非等温结晶和熔融行为.结果表明,样品的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)随TDP含量的增加呈线性下降.共混物的熔融结晶温度(Tc)、结晶焓(ΔHc)、熔融温度(Tm)及熔融焓(ΔHm)均随TDP含量的增加呈下降趋势,而冷结晶温度的变化趋势则相反.当TDP达到40%(质量分数)时,共混物的DSC曲线既未出现结晶峰,也未出现熔融峰,表明该样品已完全成为非晶态物质.广角X射线衍射(WAXD)分析结果表明,TDP的加入未改变PLLA的晶型,但导致其晶面间距变大,晶体结构变得松散.因此共混物熔点的下降归因于分子间氢键的形成降低了PLLA分子链的运动能力及晶体的紧密程度而非晶型的改变.     

Preparation of porous biodegradable PLLA with tunable pore size through simple variation of PEG/PLLA-blend crystallization conditions

In this study, porous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) films are prepared via a facile and low-cost approach using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and solution casting. In contrast to most studies, the PEG/PLLA samples are further processed under different crystallization conditions (i.e., different PLLA crystallization temperatures) before PEG removal. As the PEG is extracted via solvent at higher PLLA crystallization temperatures, the resultant PLLA samples have larger pores. Interconnected fibrillar-shaped pores are found in all systems, and the fibrillar-porous structure width is ~150 nm–1.2 μm, as observed via scanning electron microscopy. These pore sizes can be tuned by adjusting the blend composition and crystallization temperature. In addition, PEG/PLLA blends are subjected to hydrolytic degradation analysis according to their crystallization conditions. Higher PLLA crystallization temperature yields higher PLLA crystallinity and larger pores, as well as reduced surface interaction with water. Therefore, the PLLA degradation rate is decreased. The developed PLLA films have potential applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering.     

溶剂诱导的聚乳酸/聚乳酸衍生物共结晶行为

通过溶液浇铸法制备不同组分的左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)和聚(L-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸)(PL-2H3MB)共混物。运用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)和热重分析仪(TGA)分析共混物的结晶、熔融行为和热稳定性。通过观察到DSC加热曲线中新的熔融峰判断PLLA和PL-2H3MB共晶的形成,共晶显著提高PLLA起始结晶温度和WAXD曲线中特征衍射峰的变化,证实了溶液浇铸共混物中的共结晶现象。同时,共混物中PL-2H3MB和PLLA还表现出优于单组分PLLA和PL-2H3MB的热稳定性。PLLA和PL-2H3MB的共结晶行为可能为调控PLLA的热稳定性、力学性能以及降解性能提供了一种新的潜在方法。