光学纯度对聚左旋乳酸结晶与熔融行为的影响

通过示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和广角X射线衍射仪(WAXD)研究了聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)的光学纯度(91.6%、93.3%、94.0%、97.0%、98.4%)对聚乳酸结晶和熔融行为的影响。 在非等温结晶过程中,随着光学纯度的提高,聚乳酸的结晶峰值温度、熔点、熔融焓均提高。 在等温结晶过程中,PLLA的半结晶时间(t_1/2)随着光学纯度的增加而减少,在结晶温度100~110 ℃区间内半结晶时间均达到最小值;含有不同光学纯度PLLA的Avrami指数n≈3,表明光学纯度的变化不能改变聚乳酸以三维球晶生长的异相成核机理。 随着光学纯度的增加,聚乳酸δ-晶型转变为α-晶型的临界温度升高。 聚乳酸的结晶和熔融行为对光学纯度具有依赖性。     

不同初始条件下聚乳酸的等温结晶动力学

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究聚乳酸(PLA)从熔体及玻璃态两种初始状态下的等温结晶行为,考查结晶动力学参数与结晶温度(Tc)及初始状态的关系.实验结果表明:从玻璃态结晶活化能(359 kJ/mol)较从熔体结晶活化能(103 kJ/mol)高;相应的Avrami指数n(2.3～2.7)小于从熔体的(2.5～3.1);所测得的平衡熔点是一致的,分别为155.7℃(玻璃态)、156.4℃(熔体);从玻璃态结晶诱导时间(ti)随着Tc升高而逐渐减小,从熔体结晶Tc=95℃时,出现最小ti为9.47min;在整个Tc区间,从玻璃态结晶速率(G)都受生长控制,从熔体低温时G受生长过程控制,高温时受成核过程控制.     

Thermal,morphological, mechanical and aging properties of polylactide blends with poly(ether urethane) based on chain-extension reaction of poly(ethylene glycol) using diisocyanate

Poly(ether urethane)s(PEU), including PEUI15 and PEUH15, were prepared through chain-extension reaction of poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG-1500) using diisocyanate as a chain extender, including isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI). These PEUs were used to toughen polylactide(PLA) by physical and reactive blending.Thermal, morphological, mechanical and aging properties of the blends were investigated in detail. These PEUs were partially compatible with PLA. The elongation at break of the reactive blends in the presence of triphenyl phosphate(TPP)for PLA with PEUH15 or PEUI15 was much higher than that of the physical blends. The aging test was carried out at-20 °C for 50 h in order to accelerate the crystallization of PEUs. The PEUs in the PLA/PEU blends produced crystallization and formed new phase separation with PLA, resulting in the declined toughness of blends. Fortunately, under the aging condition,although PEUH15 in blends could also form crystallization, the reactive blend of PLA/PEUH15/TPP(80/20/2) had higher toughness than the other blends. The elongation at break of PLA/PEUH15/TPP(80/20/2) dropped to 287% for the aging blend from 350% for the original blend. The tensile strength and modulus of PLA/PEUH15/TPP blend did not change obviously because of the crystallization of PEUH15.     

聚乳酸的非等温结晶行为

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究聚乳酸(PLA)从熔体及玻璃态为初始条件下的非等温结晶行为,采用Ozawa方程、Mo法、Khanna法和Kissinger法对结晶动力学参数进行计算处理。 实验结果表明,这几种方法均适合处理PLA的非等温结晶过程,而Khanna法提出的结晶速率系数(CRC)能够方便地评价PLA相对结晶速率的大小。 PLA从玻璃态升温结晶比从熔体降温结晶容易得多,升温过程有利于晶核生成,而降温有利于晶体生长。 升温结晶时,升温速率2.0 ℃/min时,结晶焓(ΔH_c)达到最大为27.1 J/g。 从熔体等速降温过程中,随着冷却速率的降低ΔH_c单调增加,冷却速率为0.25 ℃/min时ΔH_c增加到28.3 J/g。 在较低温度下从玻璃态结晶,主要表现为异相成核的二维生长方式。 在较高的温度下从玻璃态升温结晶及从熔体冷却结晶时,以均相成核的三维生长方式结晶为主。 与升温过程相比,冷却不利于晶核的生成,所以导致冷却过程总体ΔH_c偏低,扩散活化能偏大。     

溶剂诱导的聚乳酸/聚乳酸衍生物共结晶行为

通过溶液浇铸法制备不同组分的左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)和聚(L-2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸)(PL-2H3MB)共混物。运用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)和热重分析仪(TGA)分析共混物的结晶、熔融行为和热稳定性。通过观察到DSC加热曲线中新的熔融峰判断PLLA和PL-2H3MB共晶的形成,共晶显著提高PLLA起始结晶温度和WAXD曲线中特征衍射峰的变化,证实了溶液浇铸共混物中的共结晶现象。同时,共混物中PL-2H3MB和PLLA还表现出优于单组分PLLA和PL-2H3MB的热稳定性。PLLA和PL-2H3MB的共结晶行为可能为调控PLLA的热稳定性、力学性能以及降解性能提供了一种新的潜在方法。     

Effects of molecular weight on the crystallization and melting behaviors of poly(L-lactide)

In this study, a series of monodispersed poly(L-lactide)(PLLA) were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization with Schiff base aluminum catalyst, and the effects of the number-average molecular weight(Mn) on the crystallization and melting behaviors of PLLA were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD). The total crystallization rate of PLLA was Mn-dependent, which reached the maximum value for PLLA with Mn of 18.6 kg/mol. In addition, when Mn of PLLA was 18.6 kg/mol, the melting enthalpy(ΔHm) showed a maximum value(87.1 J/g), which was the highest reported value till now. The critical temperature for change of crystal formation from ?-form to ?-form crystals increased in the isothermal crystallization process with Mn increasing. In the reheating procedure, high-Mn PLLA demonstrated a small exothermal peak prior to the dominant melting peak, corresponding to crystal transition from ?- to ?-form, but low-Mn PLLA didn't show the peak of crystal transition. These different crystallization and melting behaviors were attributed to the different chain mobility of PLLA with different Mn.     

高耐热聚乳酸立体复合材料的制备

以等比例的聚L乳酸(PLLA)和聚D乳酸(PDLA)树脂为原料,先通过低温共混制备聚乳酸全立构粉末,然后将立构粉末与成核剂、玻璃纤维等混合,直接在注塑机中成型,注塑样品经热处理后,得到高耐热性能聚乳酸(PLA)样品,经测试,其维卡软化温度高达165 ℃以上,差示扫描量热分析(DSC)结果表明,处理后的样品富含立构物结晶,立构物结晶熔融焓高达27.6 J/g。 拉伸强度较纯PLA也有大幅提升,达到129 MPa。