一种新型液相色谱屏蔽键合相的色谱性能

烷基硅胶键合固定相 ,特别是十八烷基键合固定相 ,是应用最广泛的反相色谱固定相 ,改变流动相组成 ,就可实现大多数有机化合物的分离分析 .但是 ,由于硅胶表面残留硅醇基的存在 ,分离某些极性化合物 ,特别是碱性有机化合物时使色谱峰变形拖尾 ,灵敏度下降 .采用封端技术也不能完全消除残留硅醇基的影响 .在分离碱性物质时大都采用缓冲溶液流动相 ,长期使用缓冲溶液将影响仪器和色谱柱的性能和寿命 .近年来 ,为了改善碱性化合物的分离 ,提出了空间保护相 [1] 和烷基酰胺屏蔽相 [2 ,3] .依据静电屏蔽原理 ,我们 [4 ]曾制备了十四烷基胺反相色…     

双阳离子型离子液体和十八烷基修饰的混合模式硅胶固定相的制备及色谱性能

通过分步键合反应制备了一种咪唑基双阳离子型离子液体和十八烷基共同修饰的混合模式硅胶色谱固定相(Sil-C18-IL-C4); 采用元素分析和红外光谱对其进行了表征. 分别评价了该固定相在反相色谱模式(RPLC)、 亲水色谱模式(HILIC)和RPLC/HILIC混合色谱模式下的色谱分离性能, 并在HILIC模式下对6种碱基核苷类化合物进行分离, 考察了流动相中有机相体积分数和水相中甲酸铵浓度对分离效果的影响. 此外, 还考察了该固定相的分离重复性. 制备的Sil-C18-IL-C4固定相的元素分析结果表明, 氮元素含量为1.65%, 碳元素含量为11.16%, 氢元素含量为2.44%. 该固定相的红外光谱中, 2928和2856 cm^?1处出现了—CH的不对称和对称伸缩振动峰, 1440 和660 cm^?1处出现了咪唑环上C=C的伸缩振动峰和C=N的弯曲振动峰, 说明十八烷基和1,5-双(咪唑-1-基)戊烷均已接枝到硅胶表面. 色谱性能评价结果表明, Sil-C18-IL-C4固定相可表现出反相色谱模式和亲水色谱模式分离性能, 对6种碱基核苷类物质能够实现完全分离, 而且在一定的色谱条件下可以在单根色谱柱单次运行中实现RPLC/HILIC混合模式色谱分离, 对于处理复杂样品中的碱基核苷类化合物等亲水物质具有良好的应用潜能.     

厚朴酚键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的制备、表征与性能评价

通过γ-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-590)的作用, 将具有抗菌功能的中草药厚朴的主要药用成分厚朴酚键合在硅胶表面上, 制备了厚朴酚键合硅胶液相色谱固定相. 采用红外光谱、元素分析和热重分析对该固定相进行了表征. 以苯同系物、5种吡啶、6种苯胺和8种芳香羧酸类化合物为溶质探针, 初步考察了该新型固定相的基本色谱性能, 研究了其对这些化合物的保留机理. 结果表明, 该固定相的反相色谱性能类似于十八烷基键合硅胶固定相(ODS), 分离原理与疏水性作用有关; 另外, 该固定相包含有别于疏水性作用的氢键作用、π-π电荷转移作用和偶极-偶极等作用, 多种作用力使其在分离某些可电离的碱性和酸性化合物时表现出更好的选择性和分离效果. 厚朴酚配体的多种作用位点对快速分离极性芳香化合物有重要贡献.     

金纳米粒子修饰毛细管硅胶整体柱的制备及其电色谱性能研究

通过毛细管硅胶整体柱表面修饰十八烷基硫醇金纳米粒子,制备了一种新型毛细管电色谱固定相.制备金纳米粒子修饰整体柱时,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备毛细管硅胶整体柱,并在其表面化学修饰3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷;通过巯基基团固载金纳米粒子于整体柱上,再共价键合十八烷基硫醇于金纳米粒子表面.以甲苯为探针,对理论塔板高度与流动相线速度之间...     

新型三唑氮杂环β-环糊精固定相的制备及其气相色谱性能研究

制备了一种新的含氮三唑类β-环糊精固定相2,6-二-O-戊基-3-O-亚甲基-[1-(1,2,4)-三唑基]-β-环糊精,对其气相色谱分离性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,固定相具有较强的色谱分离能力,氯甲苯、二氯苯等难分离的芳香族位置异构体和含两个手性中心的拟除虫菊酯对映异构体均得到了很好的分离.该固定相是一种有应用前景的气相色谱固定相.     

硅烷基咪唑双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺离子液体气相色谱固定相的性能评价

以双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺离子([NTf₂]^-)为阴离子,合成阳离子烷基取代不同(C1、C2和C4)的硅烷基咪唑离子液体,以其为固定相制备气相色谱填充柱。 硅烷基咪唑离子液体为强极性固定相;阳离子结构影响固定相的热稳定性、极性和分离性能。 在这些离子液体固定相中,1-丁基-3-[(3-三甲氧基硅基)-丙基]咪唑双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺([PBIM]NTf₂)对Grob试剂分离性能较好。 利用溶剂化作用参数模型,评价[PBIM]NTf₂固定相特性,研究固定相-组分分子之间相互作用机制;同时考察[PBIM]NTf₂色谱柱对不同类型化合物的分离性能。 结果表明,[PBIM]NTf₂固定相主要作用力是氢键碱性和偶极作用,对烷烃、醇、酯和胺等不同类型的样品组分表现出良好的分离能力。     

一种混合模式反相强阳离子交换色谱固定相的制备及其保留机理的考察

采用一种简单的“混合配体”方法将辛基和磺酸基键合到硅胶表面,制备了辛基-磺酸基共同键合硅胶(OSS)材料。通过元素分析和吸附容量检测对OSS材料进行表征,证明辛基和磺酸基已成功键合到硅胶表面上。将该OSS硅胶材料作为混合模式反相强阳离子交换(RP/SCX)色谱固定相,在反相液相色谱(RPLC)流动相条件下,采用几种碱性探针分子定量地考察了该固定相的混合模式RP/SCX保留机理。通过改变流动相中缓冲盐的浓度,考察了溶质保留因子和盐浓度的对数和倒数的关系,得到了几种碱性探针分子在该混合模式OSS固定相上的单点和两点保留机理的数学模型。对两种数学模型的方程进行了线性拟合,结果表明两点保留机理更加符合实验的结果。此外,根据混合模式两点保留机理的数学方程,可以得到单一的疏水或离子交换作用力对总保留的影响,对混合模式色谱的实际分离应用可提供有价值的参考。     

咪唑侧基功能化聚离子液体修饰的混合模式色谱固定相的制备及其色谱性能

该文合成了咪唑侧基功能化的离子液体单体1-(4-乙烯基苄基)-3-氰甲基溴化咪唑盐,通过表面引发原子转移自由基聚合将该单体接枝到硅胶表面,制备了一种新型混合模式色谱固定相。采用红外光谱、元素分析及热重分析对其结构进行表征。该色谱固定相具有良好的分离能力。通过研究流动相pH对物质保留的影响,验证了物质在该固定相上存在反相-离子交换保留机理。通过与十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶固定相比较,证实了该聚离子液体固定相对物质保留提供了π-π作用。结果表明,对咪唑侧基功能化是制备新型离子液体固定相的可行方法。     

乙酸丁酸纤维素手性固定相的制备及对手性化合物的拆分

将乙酸丁酸纤维素涂敷在硅烷化的硅胶上制备了涂渍型高效液相色谱固定相,在40MPa压力下将所得固定相装入色谱柱.在正相的条件下,对20种手性化合物进行拆分,包括醇类,胺类,氨基酸类手性化合物以及外消旋体药物,有13种手性化合物得到了较好的分离.     

杯[8]芳烃键合硅胶固定相的制备、表征及色谱性能

杯芳烃通过疏水Π-Π、氢键和静电等作用能与中性分子及离子形成包合物,在离子选择性电极、催化、分离和酶模拟等领域受到关注.已报道的杯芳烃键合固定相的制备方法^[1～3]都是先合成含杯芳烃硅烷化试剂,然后通过硅胶硅烷化反应制备键合固定相.其制备路线反应过程长,各种有机中间体纯化操作复杂.前文[4]曾以氯丙基键合硅胶为中间体,通过固相连续反应制备了氮杂冠醚键合硅胶固定相.本文采用固相连续反应制备了一种新型的对-叔丁基杯^[8]芳烃键合固定相,通过元素分析、红外光谱等手段获得键合相分子结构信息,以多环芳烃和二取代苯位置异构体为溶质,对固定相的色谱性能及保留机理进行了研究.     

Hydrophilic interaction chromatography: A promising alternative to reversed‐phase liquid chromatography systems for the purification of small protonated bases

The overloaded band profiles of the protonated species of propranolol and amitriptyline were recorded under acidic conditions on four classes of stationary phases including a conventional silica/organic hybrid material in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography mode (BEH‐C₁₈), an electrostatic repulsion reversed‐phase liquid chromatography C₁₈ column (BEH‐C₁₈+), a poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) monolithic column, and a hydrophilic interaction chromatography stationary phase (underivatized BEH). The same amounts of protonated bases per unit volume of stationary phase were injected in each column (16, 47, and 141 μg/cm³). The performance of the propranolol/amitriptyline purification was assessed on the basis of the asymmetry of the recorded band profiles and on the selectivity factor achieved. The results show that the separation performed under reversed‐phase liquid chromatography like conditions (with BEH‐C₁₈, BEH‐C₁₈+, and polymer monolith materials) provide the largest selectivity factors due to the difference in the hydrophobic character of the two compounds. However, they also provide the most distorted overloaded band profiles due to a too small loading capacity. Remarkably, symmetric band profiles were observed with the hydrophilic interaction chromatography column. The larger loading capacity of the hydrophilic interaction chromatography column is due to the accumulation of the protonated bases into the diffuse water layer formed at the surface of the polar adsorbent. This work encourages purifying ionizable compounds on hydrophilic interaction chromatography columns rather than on reversed‐phase liquid chromatography columns.     

氮氧化硅反相色谱固定相材料的制备及色谱分离性能评价

硅胶是目前高效液相色谱(HPLC)固定相中应用最为广泛的基质材料,其流动相的最佳使用范围为pH 2～8。在高pH(pH＞8)的流动相条件下,流动相中的氢氧根会进攻硅胶基质表面残余的硅醇基,导致硅胶基质固定相骨架溶解。在前期的研究中,我们将高温氨气处理多孔硅胶微球得到的氮氧化硅材料用作HPLC固定相,氮氧化硅在高pH流动相条件下表现出了较硅胶更高的稳定性。本文利用元素分析对氮氧化硅材料的氮化程度及含氮量进行系统的表征,并考察了氮氧化硅材料在不同pH条件下的静态稳定性。利用十八烷基二甲基氯硅烷试剂对氮氧化硅材料表面进行疏水性修饰,并以元素分析和核磁共振波谱对表面键合氮氧化硅材料进行了表征。考察了不同碳链的烷基苯、酸性化合物、碱性化合物在疏水改性的C₁₈氮氧化硅反相色谱固定相上的色谱分离性能。进一步分别以酸、碱和中性化合物为分析对象,比较了C₁₈-SiON1050(10)与C₁₈-SiO₂色谱保留的差异。     

Evaluation of an amide‐based stationary phase for supercritical fluid chromatography

A relatively new stationary phase containing a polar group embedded in a hydrophobic backbone (i.e., ACE ® C18‐amide) was evaluated for use in supercritical fluid chromatography. The amide‐based column was compared with columns packed with bare silica, C₁₈ silica, and a terminal‐amide silica phase. The system was held at supercritical pressure and temperature with a mobile phase composition of CO₂ and methanol as cosolvent. The linear solvation energy relationship model was used to evaluate the behavior of these stationary phases, relating the retention factor of selected probes to specific chromatographic interactions. A five‐component test mixture, consisting of a group of drug‐like molecules was separated isocratically. The results show that the C₁₈‐amide stationary phase provided a combination of interactions contributing to the retention of the probe compounds. The hydrophobic interactions are favorable; however, the electron donating ability of the embedded amide group shows a large positive interaction. Under the chromatographic conditions used, the C₁₈‐amide column was able to provide baseline resolution of all the drug‐like probe compounds in a text mixture, while the other columns tested did not.     

Enantiomeric separation of unusual secondary aromatic amino acids

Summary High-performance liquid chromatographic and gas chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of unusual secondary aromatic amino acids. Amino acids containing 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronorharmane-1-carboxylic acid and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-carboxy-2-carboline moieties were synthetized in racemic or chiral forms. The high-performance liquid chromatography was carried out either on a teicoplanin-containing chiral stationary phase or on an achiral C₁₈ column. In the latter case the diastereomers of the amino acids formed by precolumn derivatization with the chiral reagents 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate or 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-L-alanine amide were separated. The gas chromatographic analyses were based on separation on a Chirasil-L-Val column. Presented at: Balaton Symposium on High-Performance Separation Methods, Siófok, Hungary, September 3–5, 1997     

Synthesis of monodisperse silica microspheres and modification with diazoresin for mixed‐mode ultra high performance liquid chromatography separations

Monodisperse silica particles with average diameters of 1.9–2.9 μm were synthesized by a modified Stöber method, in which tetraethyl orthosilicate was continuously supplied to the reaction mixture containing KCl electrolyte, water, ethanol, and ammonia. The obtained silica particles were modified by self‐assembly with positively charged photosensitive diazoresin on the surface. After treatment with ultraviolet light, the ionic bonding between silica and diazoresin was converted into covalent bonding through a unique photochemistry reaction of diazoresin. Depending on the chemical structure of diazoresin and mobile phase composition, the diazoresin‐modified silica stationary phase showed different separation mechanisms, including reversed phase and hydrophilic interactions. Therefore, a variety of baseline separation of benzene analogues and organic acids was achieved by using the diazoresin‐modified silica particles as packing materials in ultra high performance liquid chromatography. According to the π–π interactional difference between carbon rings of fullerenes and benzene rings of diazoresin, C₆₀ and C₇₀ were also well separated by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography. Because it has a small size, the ∼2.5 μm monodisperse diazoresin‐modified silica stationary phase shows ultra‐high efficiency compared with the commercial C₁₈‐silica high‐performance liquid chromatography stationary phase with average diameters of ∼5 μm.     

“Sock-Ball” Chromatographic Separation of High Molecular Weight Fullerenes with Sock-Shaped Stationary Phase

A method for “Sock-Bail” chromatographic separation of high molecular weight fullerenes is described. A prepared sock-shaped stationary phase (Sock-SAF-phase) was used for HPLC separation of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and fullerenes. Fullerenes, as ball-shaped molecules, are much more strongly retained than PAHs on this stationary phase and have the eluted order C₅₀ < C₇₀ < C₇₆ < C₇₈ < C₈₄ in the mobile phase of n-hexane/dichloromethane (100/0 ～ 80/20). In contrast, chromatography on the corresponding unmodified silica phase or SC-3OH-phase (an intermediate phase of Sock-SAF-phase) gave no separation of fullerenes. This fact indicated that the separation of fullerenes on Sock-SAF-phase was related to the selective interaction with the sock moiety.     

Preparation,evaluation, and application of a novel reversed-phase/zwitterionic/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic mixed-mode stationary phase

The present study described the preparation and application of a reversed-phase/zwitterionic/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography stationary phase, named as SIL-PS. The SIL-PS was prepared through a four-step reaction, chemical bonding, nucleophilic addition, SN1 substitution, and sulfonation on the silica matrix. It was featured with C₁₂ alkyl chain, quaternary ammonium, tertiary amine, and sulfonate groups. After SIL-PS was packed into the stainless steel column (150?× 2.1 mm i.d.), chromatographic parameters, including acetonitrile content, pH, and ionic strength of the mobile phase, and the column temperature, were systematically investigated to study the retention mechanism. Electrostatic adsorptive/repulsive, partition, and hydrogen-bonding interactions were demonstrated to contribute to the retention. The stability of the SIL-PS was satisfactory, with relative standard deviations of retention factors of 1.93, 2.08, and 1.90% for loxoprofen, adenosine, and liquiritin, respectively. Additionally, to investigate the separation selectivity, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, nucleobases/nucleotides, and alkaloids/glycosides were separated; the HPLC fingerprinting of the Cortex phellodendri extract was also conducted, and the separation performance was superior to that of the C18 column in terms of peak shape, resolution, and analytical time. The results revealed that the prepared SIL-PS possessed multifunctionalities for multiretention and could be promising for complicated samples.     

L-异亮氨酸键合色谱固定相的制备及其性能

利用异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅烷与L-异亮氨酸反应合成了一种新型的硅烷偶联剂,并进一步将其与硅胶反应制得键合有L-异亮氨酸的亲水色谱固定相。 通过核磁共振氢谱表明亮氨酸功能化硅烷偶联剂的成功合成、元素分析表征证明亮氨酸已成功键合到硅胶表面。 将其作为亲水模式下的固定相填料填装在150 mm×4.6 mm不锈钢色谱柱中,以一系列经典的极性小分子作为探针,考察了这些探针分子在固定相上的色谱行为。 极性化合物的保留时间随着流动相中有机溶剂含量提高而逐渐增大,表现出典型的亲水保留特征。 进一步研究了流动相中乙腈含量、缓冲盐pH值及缓冲盐浓度等因素对分析物在固定相上的保留的影响。 在优化了相关参数后,将固定相应用于碱性化合物、水溶性维生素以及核苷类极性物质的分离当中。 在等度洗脱下,5种碱性化合物、6种水溶性维生素和8种核苷类物质分别在8、18及25 min内被成功分离。 分离结果表明了合成的L-异亮氨酸键合亲水色谱固定相具有较好的色谱性能,在极性化合物的分离上具有良好的应用前景。     

Dicationic imidazolium ionic liquid modified silica as a novel reversed‐phase/anion‐exchange mixed‐mode stationary phase for high‐performance liquid chromatography

A dicationic imidazolium ionic liquid modified silica stationary phase was prepared and evaluated by reversed‐phase/anion‐exchange mixed‐mode chromatography. Model compounds (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and anilines) were separated well on the column by reversed‐phase chromatography; inorganic anions (bromate, bromide, nitrate, iodide, and thiocyanate), and organic anions (p‐aminobenzoic acid, p‐anilinesulfonic acid, sodium benzoate, pathalic acid, and salicylic acid) were also separated individually by anion‐exchange chromatography. Based on the multiple sites of the stationary phase, the column could separate 14 solutes containing the above series of analytes in one run. The dicationic imidazolium ionic liquid modified silica can interact with hydrophobic analytes by the hydrophobic C₆ chain; it can enhance selectivity to aromatic compounds by imidazolium groups; and it also provided anion‐exchange and electrostatic interactions with ionic solutes. Compared with a monocationic ionic liquid functionalized stationary phase, the new stationary phase represented enhanced selectivity owing to more interaction sites.