阳离子取代基对离子液体气相色谱固定相保留性能的影响

以双-三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺离子（［NTf₂］^-）、三氟甲基磺酸根离子（［TFO］^-）和六氟磷酸根离子（［PF₆］^-）为阴离子,合成了含有丙基、丁基、壬基、乙苯基或氰甲基等阳离子取代基的聚合乙烯基咪唑基离子液体固定相,制备了13种离子液体石英毛细管色谱柱。考察了离子液体固定相结构与色谱柱McReynolds常数、热稳定性和测试化合物保留行为之间的构效关系,研究了阳离子取代基对固定相保留性能的影响规律;同时考察了测试化合物保留指数随温度变化的规律。结果表明,所合成的离子液体固定相具有较强的极性,其保留性能不仅与阳离子取代基的性质密切相关,而且受取代基结构和阴离子影响明显;在考察的温度范围内,测试化合物的保留指数变化规律与传统色谱固定相完全相同。     

离子液体/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物复合材料的制备与性能

分别将离子液体三正丁基甲铵(双三氟甲磺酰)亚胺盐([TBMA][NTf₂])和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([EMIM][BF₄])与乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物弹性体(EVM)熔融共混制备复合材料,研究了离子液体与EVM的相容性及抗静电性能。 样品宏观透明性和SEM测试结果显示,[TBMA][NTf₂]与EVM具有较好的相容性,相应的EVM/[TBMA][NTf₂]复合材料的抗静电效果更好;热重分析(TGA)结果表明,[TBMA][NTf₂]促进EVM热解,而[EMIM][BF₄]对EVM的热稳定影响较小。 室温下在EVM中填加[TBMA][NTf₂]的共混物表现出较好的柔性,当[TBMA][NTf₂]质量分数为20%时,EVM/[TBMA][NTf₂]复合材料的模量为0.58 MPa,断裂伸长率可达到2997%。     

两种高热稳定性端羟基单阳离子型咪唑离子液体毛细管气相色谱固定相的性能评价

采用静态法将合成的端羟基单阳离子咪唑离子液体1-(6-羟己基)-3-丁基咪唑二(三氟甲基)磺酰亚胺盐(HHBIM-NTf₂)和1-(8-羟辛基)-3-丁基咪唑二(三氟甲基)磺酰亚胺盐(HOBIM-NTf₂)作为固定相制备离子液体毛细管气相色谱柱。采用Grob试剂、混合醇样品和芳香族异构体混合物对固定相色谱选择性进行了考察,Grob试剂和混合醇组分产生的尖锐、对称的色谱峰形及异构体混合物组分达到基线分离的结果均表明端羟基离子液体固定相具有良好的色谱选择性。HHBIM-NTf₂柱和HOBIM-NTf₂柱经250 ℃老化8 h后对异构体混合物的分离能力没有明显下降,而HHBIM-NTf₂柱经300 ℃老化后仍有理想的异构体选择性,表明端羟基离子液体固定相具有理想的热稳定性。本结果为进一步改善单阳离子型咪唑离子液体固定相的色谱性能提供了有效途径。     

γ辐射下CMPO/[C2mim][NTf2]的辐解及其对Eu3+萃取的影响

主要考察了辛基(苯基)-N, N-二异丁基胺甲酰基甲基氧化膦(CMPO)在1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲基磺酰胺酸盐([C₂mim][NTf₂])中的γ辐解行为,同时考察辐射对CMPO/[C₂mim][NTf₂]萃取能力的影响。通过超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用仪(UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)进行定量分析、辐解产物认定以及产物半定量分析。CMPO/正十二烷作为对比条件进行了相同研究。结果表明：CMPO在[C₂mim][NTf₂]中的辐解率低于其在正十二烷中,并且辐解路径不同。在正十二烷体系中,CMPO主要发生C―P、C―N键的断链,而在离子液体体系中CMPO主要发生异丁基脱除反应,并与[C₂mim]^+·、·CF₃等离子液体产生的自由基发生取代反应。综合辐解研究结果,我们提出CMPO/[C₂mim][NTf₂]的辐解路径,这加深了CMPO在离子液体中辐解机理的认识。最后,通过萃取实验发现,当硝酸浓度为0.01 mol·L^-1,辐照剂量为800 kGy时,CMPO/[C₂mim][NTf₂]对Eu³⁺的萃取率依旧达到99%以上。     

离子液体[bmim][PF6]与[moemim][PF6]结构微不均匀性以及微粘度的光谱探测

室温离子液体由于其极低的蒸汽压、比较好的热稳定性和化学稳定性、良好的分子结构与性能的可设计性等优点,作为一种新型的环境友好溶剂在很多领域有着广泛的应用.对于离子液体的微观结构和微观性能的研究是设计新型离子液体以及扩展离子液体应用的关键.本文通过荧光探针分子香豆素153(C153)的转动动力学和对微观环境敏感的荧光探针分子1, 3-二(1-芘基)丙烷(BPP)的稳态荧光光谱,探测和表征了烷基取代的离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmim][PF₆])和与其具有相似结构的醚键官能化的离子液体1-甲氧基乙基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([moemim][PF₆])的微观结构和微粘度. C153探针分子在离子液体[bmim][PF₆]中的转动过程具有快、慢两个组分表明离子液体[bmim][PF₆]内部存在松散和紧密的两种结构微区;而C153探针分子在离子液体[moemim][PF₆]中的转动动力学只存在一种过程,说明醚键的引入使得[moemim][PF₆]内部趋于一种类型的微环境.通过C153探针分子的转动时间研究发现,醚键官能化的离子液体[moemim][PF₆]的微粘度小于烷基链取代的离子液体[bmim][PF₆],同时通过BPP探针分子的二聚体激基复合物(excimer)与单体(monomer)荧光发射强度的比值(I_E/I_M)研究也证明这一结果.醚键的引入使得离子液体[moemim][PF₆]相对于离子液体[bmim][PF₆],侧链的极性更大、柔顺性更好,同时醚键有可能作为氢键的受体与阳离子形成氢键从而削弱离子液体中阴、阳离子间的相互作用,使得离子液体[moemim][PF₆]的微观环境比离子液体[bmim][PF₆]更为均一,同时具有更小的微粘度.     

离子液体对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

利用1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐(EMIMBr)、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐(HMIMBr)、双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)以及1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐(EMICl)和双氟磺酰亚胺钾(KFSI)制备了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐(EMITFSI)、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐(HMITFSI)和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓二(氟甲磺酰基)亚胺盐(EMIFSI)3种离子液体。 用氯苯稀释的离子液体对钙钛矿活性层进行浸泡处理,探究了离子液体对钙钛矿形貌以及钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响。 结果表明,HMITFSI处理后太阳能电池的填充因子从0.71提高到了0.74,光电转换效率也有了一定提高,钙钛矿薄膜的表面形貌得到了改善,而EMITFSI和EMIFSI的处理反而降低了钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能,证实离子液体可以影响钙钛矿的结晶形貌。     

离子液体型表面活性剂研究

以1-甲基咪唑为原料, 制备了6个常规离子液体: 1-正丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐及六氟磷酸盐(简称[bmim][BF₄]及[bmim][PF₆])、1-正己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐及六氟磷酸盐(简称[hmim][BF₄]及[hmim][PF₆])、1-正十六烷基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐及六氟磷酸盐(简称[C₁₆mim][BF₄]及[C₁₆mim][PF₆])和4个功能化离子液体: 1-(2-羟乙基)-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐及六氟磷酸盐(简称[2-hemim][BF₄]及[2-hemim][PF₆])、1-乙氧羰基甲基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐及六氟磷酸盐(简称[eocmmim][BF₄]及[eocmmim][PF₆]). 研究了这两类离子液体的一些物理性能, 旨在挖掘离子液体在香料香精化妆品工业中的应用价值. 分别检测了它们与一般溶剂的互溶性, 并测定了它们的表面张力和发泡性能, 实验结果表明, 仅[C₁₆mim][BF₄]和[C₁₆mim][PF₆]具有发泡性能, 发泡力分别为68和120 mm.     

咪唑基离子液体的物理化学性质估算及预测(英文)

根据经验和半经验方程及空隙模型理论,可以估算及预测离子液体在298.15K的物理化学性质.本文讨论了离子液体的分子体积,密度,标准熵,晶格能,表面张力,等张比容,摩尔蒸发焓,空隙体积,空隙率和热膨胀系数.通过实验测得的三种离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯([C2mim][EtSO4)]),1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸辛酯([C4mim][OcSO4])和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐([C2mim][NTf2])的密度和表面张力估算了它们的其它物理化学性质.由这三种离子液体的分子体积及等张比容预测了同系列中其它离子液体[Cnmim][EtSO4],[Cnmim][OcSO4]和[Cnmim][NTf2](n=1-6)的分子体积及等张比容,由此计算出它们的密度及表面张力.进而预测了它们的物理化学性质.将预测的离子液体[C4mim][NTf2]和[C2mim][OcSO4]的密度值与文献报导的实验值进行比较,其偏差在实验误差范围内.最后,将由Kabo经验方程计算的七个离子液体[C2mim][EtSO4]、[C4mim][OcSO4]、[C2mim][NTf2]、[C4mim][NTf2]、丁基三甲基铵双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐([N4111][NTf2])、甲基三辛基铵双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐([N8881][NTf2])和1-辛基-3-甲基吡啶四氟硼酸盐([m3opy][BF4])的摩尔蒸发焓与由Verevkin简单规则预测的摩尔蒸发焓进行比较,发现两者符合很好.因此,在缺乏密度和表面张力实验数据的情况下,可以用Verevkin简单规则来预测离子液体的摩尔蒸发焓.     

气体在不同离子液体中电化学响应灵敏度的研究

不同气体在不同离子液体中的电化学响应存在差异。本文以氢气、氧气作为目标研究气体,采用循环伏安法和计时安培电流法研究对比了基于两种不同离子液体[Bmpy][NTf₂]和[Bmim][NTf₂]的电化学传感器中气体的电化学行为,并就气体电化学信号的响应时间及灵敏度等电化学行为进行了讨论分析。结果表明:在[Bmpy][NTf₂]和[Bmim][NTf₂]中检测氢气的灵敏度分别为4.93μA/%和0.03μA/%,且其电化学信号值与浓度均呈线性正比关系;在[Bmpy][NTf₂]和[Bmim][NTf₂]中检测氧气的灵敏度分别为-0.055 mA/%和-0.002 mA/%,且其电化学信号值与浓度均呈线性正比关系。研究发现:相比于离子液体[Bmim][NTf₂],[Bmpy][NTf₂]中气体的灵敏度更高,响应性能更好,且对于氢气和氧气的混合气体同样适用。通过研究优选出更适用于检测氢气氧气的离子液体电解质溶液,为后续电化学气体传感器的开发研究提供了理论依据与技术支持。     

[C4mim][PF6]和[C4mim][NTf2]离子液体辐射诱导的相行为及荧光行为变化

离子液体因其低挥发性, 高热稳定性及优良的萃取性能被认为是萃取分离放射性核素的新一代绿色溶剂, 而研究离子液体本身的辐射效应是其实际应用的重要前提. 本文以60Co为辐射源, 系统研究了γ辐照对两种常见的憎水性咪唑离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([C4mim][PF6])和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲基磺酰胺酸盐([C4mim][NTf2])的相行为及荧光行为的影响. 在相行为方面, γ辐照使离子液体的结晶驰豫时间增加, 导致其低温结晶延迟. 在荧光行为方面, γ辐照后离子液体的荧光光谱保持原有的“红边效应(red edge effect)”, 但随吸收剂量增加, 光谱整体发生红移(最大移动幅度达150 nm). 并且这种“红边效应”在辐照后离子液体的乙腈稀释剂中仍然存在, 且随稀释倍数增加光谱整体发生蓝移. [C4mim][PF6]和[C4mim][NTf2]离子液体辐照后的这种相行为及荧光行为的变化可归因于辐照对其阴阳离子空间相关性(缔合行为)的影响.     

Lower critical solution temperature behavior of linear polymers in ionic liquids and the corresponding volume phase transition of polymer gels

Poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) and its copolymers exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase separation in common hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfone)imide ([C(2)mim][NTf2]). The turbidity measurements for PBzMA/IL mixed systems reveal that the LCST-type phase separation temperatures change significantly with the changes in the chemical structures of polymers and ILs. Moreover, cross-linked PBzMA gels show reversible and discontinuous volume phase transition in [C(2)mim][NTf2] with the changes in temperature.     

Selectivity of guanidinium ionic liquid for capillary gas chromatography

<正>A guanidinium ionic liquid,N,N,N',N'-tetrahexyl-N",N"-dimethylguanidinium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonylimide(THDMGNTf_2), was synthesized and used as stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography.In comparison with imidazolium ionic liquid stationary phase,the present new stationary phase exhibits quite different selectivity and behaves more like a low polar stationary phase.The guanidinium ionic liquid of THDMG-NTf_2 exhibited better separation of Grab test mixture than imidazolium ionic liquid of 1-octyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonylimide(OBIM-NTf_2).Solvation parameter model was also used to evaluate the selectivity of THDMG-NTf_2.Additionally,essential oil of Magnolia biondii Pamp was analyzed to further evaluate the selectivity of THDMG-NTf_2 for a sample of complicated components.Satisfactory separation of the essential oil was achieved on a THDMG-NTf_2 column(10 m) while using a commercial column(30 m) as reference.The present study shows that the guanidinium ionic liquid possesses novel chromatographic selectivity and has great potential for wide applications.     

Extraction separation of rare-earth ions via competitive ligand complexations between aqueous and ionic-liquid phases

The extraction separation of rare earth elements is one of the most challenging separation processes in hydrometallurgy and advanced nuclear fuel cycles. The TALSPEAK process (trivalent actinide lanthanide separations by phosphorus-reagent extraction from aqueous komplexes) is a prime example of these separation processes. The objective of this paper is to explore the use of ionic liquids (ILs) for the TALSPEAK-like process, to further enhance its extraction efficiencies for lanthanides, and to investigate the potential of using this modified TALSPEAK process for separation of lanthanides among themselves. Eight imidazolium ILs ([C(n)mim][NTf(2)] and [C(n)mim][BETI], n = 4,6,8,10) and one pyrrolidinium IL ([C(4)mPy][NTf(2)]) were investigated as diluents using di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) as an extractant for the separation of lanthanide ions from aqueous solutions of 50 mM glycolic acid or citric acid and 5 mM diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). The extraction efficiencies were studied in comparison with diisopropylbenzene (DIPB), an organic solvent used as a diluent for the conventional TALSPEAK extraction system. Excellent extraction efficiencies and selectivities were found for a number of lanthanide ions using HDEHP as an extractant in these ILs. The effects of different alkyl chain lengths in the cations of ILs and of different anions on extraction efficiencies and selectivities of lanthanide ions are also presented in this paper.     

L-AlaC4NTf2手性离子液体作为新型气相色谱固定相的性能研究

合成了一种手性离子液体L-丙氨酸叔丁酯双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺(L-AlaC4NTf2), 将其作为新型气相色谱固定相, 并与OV-1701按不同比例混合, 考察了它们的色谱性能. 研究结果表明, 该离子液体作为手性固定相的热稳定性高于175 ℃; 平均McReynolds常数为665; 在容量因子为1.02时, 理论塔板数可达每米1095块; 其对烷烃、醇类、酮类、芳香族化合物、位置异构体以及一些手性化合物具有良好的分离效果.     

Evaluating the solvation properties of functionalized ionic liquids with varied cation/anion composition using the solvation parameter model

Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising gas chromatography (GC) stationary phases due to their high thermal stability, negligible vapor pressure, and ability to solvate a broad range of analytes. The tunability of ILs allows for structure modification in pursuit of enhanced separation selectivity and control of analyte elution order. In this study, the solvation parameter model is used to characterize the solvation interactions of fifteen ILs containing various cationic functional groups (i.e., dimethylamino, hydroxyl, and ether) and cation types paired with various counter anions, namely, tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (FAP(-)), bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (NTf(2)(-)), thiocyanate (SCN(-)), tricyanomethide (C(CN)(3)(-)), tetracyanoborate (B(CN)(4)(-)), and bis[oxalate(2-)]borate (BOB(-)). The presence of functional groups affected the hydrogen bond basicity, hydrogen bond acidity, as well as dispersion interactions of the resulting ILs, while the change of cation type yielded modest influence on the dipolarity. The switch of counter anions in unfunctionalized ILs produced compounds with higher dipolarity and hydrogen bond basicity. The dipolarity and hydrogen bond basicity of ILs possessing cyano-containing anions appeared to be inversely proportional to the cyano content of the anion. The modification of IL structure resulted in a significant effect on the retention behavior as well as separation selectivity for many solutes, including reversed elution orders of some analytes. This study provides one of the most comprehensive examinations up-to-date on the relation between IL structure and the resulting solvation characteristics and gives tremendous insight into choosing suitable ILs as GC stationary phases for solute specific separations.     

Separation of benzene and hexane by solvent extraction with 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}amide ionic liquids: effect of the alkyl-substituent length

The influence of the alkyl-substituent chain in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}amide ionic liquids ([C(n)mim][NTf(2)], where n is the length of a linear alkyl chain) as solvents for the separation of benzene and hexane by liquid extraction was investigated. The liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) at 25 degrees C for the ternary systems ([C(n)mim][NTf(2)] + hexane + benzene), with n taking the values 4, 8, 10, and 12, were determined. These data were analyzed and compared to those previously reported for the system ([C(2)mim][NTf(2)] + hexane + benzene). The results show that short alkyl chains on the imidazolium cation of the ionic liquid lead to a better extractive separation of benzene and hexane, and reveal the influence of the relative degree of ordering in the ionic liquids on the extraction parameters.     

A metallacage encapsulating chloride as a probe for a solvation scale in ionic liquids

With the purpose of assessing the reactivity of chloride ions dissolved in ionic liquids (ILs), a relative scale for the solvation of chloride is given for a series of ILs based on the bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide ([Tf(2)N]) anion and different cations, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([bmim]), 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ([bdmim]), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium ([bmpy]), 1-butylpyridinium ([bpy]), 1-pentyl-1,1,1-triethylammonium ([C(5)e(3)am]), and 1-(2-hydroxy)ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ([mimeOH]). Insights into the solvation of chloride are achieved by the thermodynamic study of the reaction of dissociation of a chloride-templated nickel(II) metallacage performed at various temperatures by UV-visible spectroscopy in each IL. The order of chloride solvation [C(5)e(3)am][Tf(2)N] < [bmpy][Tf(2)N] < [bmim][Tf(2)N] 相似文献