山东不同产地丹参的HPLC指纹图谱-化学模式识别研究

建立RPHPLC指纹图谱-化学模式识别评价丹参质量的方法.利用RPHPLC法测定不同产地丹参药材的指纹图谱及丹参酮ⅡAt和丹参酮的含量,采用主成分分析、系统聚类分析和逐步判别分析对指纹图谱信息进行化学模式识别研究.在主成分分析的基础上,以前4个主成分为聚类分析的指标进行系统聚类分析,取阈值为8时,所有样品可被分为4类;并建立了相应的判别函数,回判准确率100%;以此为依据,初步建立了丹参化学模式识别的评价方法.     

直观推导式演进特征投影法测定中药丹参中3种丹参酮含量

利用化学计量学方法直观推导式演进特征投影法和高效液相色谱(二级管阵列检测器)产生的二维数据,解析丹参药材中重叠色谱峰,并对其中的活性成分-丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮和丹参酮Ⅰ进行测定。该方法能够快速测定复杂体系中药内的活性成分,显著提高分析效率。     

基于化学识别模式的蒲公英指纹图谱的研究

建立蒲公英药材的指纹图谱,以中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价软件(2012年版)确定共有峰及其归属,采用化学模式识别初步筛选其质量控制的4个指标性成分。结果表明,蒲公英药材的HPLC指纹图谱共标定出27个共有峰,并指认出其中14个色谱峰,15批蒲公英药材的相似度均0.93,且化学模式识别的结果具有相似性。本文建立的方法可应用于蒲公英药材的质量评价和其产地识别,为蒲公英药材质量控制与资源开发提供参考。     

基于信息融合的中药多元色谱指纹图谱相似性计算方法

摘要用信息融合算法合并多张色谱指纹图谱, 解决中药多元指纹图谱相似性评价难题, 提出一种多元色谱指纹图谱相似度计算方法. 用该方法先对各单元指纹图谱进行串行或并行象素级信息融合, 再对融合了各指纹峰信息的多元色谱指纹图谱进行相似度评价. 计算机仿真和复方丹参滴丸多元HPLC指纹图谱应用结果表明, 该法能够评价中药多元色谱指纹图谱相似度, 定量表征中成药产品批次间质量波动情况.     

基于高效液相色谱指纹图谱和化学模式识别法评价不同采收期水冬瓜树皮药材质量

建立不同采收期水冬瓜树皮药材的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,并结合化学模式识别法,对不同采收期水冬瓜树皮药材质量进行了评价。将新鲜的水冬瓜树皮烘干过筛后,用甲醇提取其中的有效成分,采用HPLC建立不同采收期的11个批次水冬瓜树皮的指纹图谱,通过《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》[国家药典委员会(GPC)2004A版]、IBM SPSS Statistics 25统计学软件和SIMCA-P+12.0软件等化学计量学软件对指纹图谱进行相似度分析、系统聚类分析、主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)。结果显示:11个批次水冬瓜树皮的HPLC指纹图谱中有18个共有峰,这些共有峰与紫丁香苷的相对峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)为30%～124%,说明不同采收期的样品所含化学成分的含量差异较大。11个批次样品的指纹图谱与以S6色谱数据为参考生成的对照指纹图谱的相似度为0.932～0.982,表明不同采收期水冬瓜树皮药材总体质量较为稳定。系统聚类分析将11个批样品分为2组,这一结果得到了PCA和OPLS-DA的验证。OPLS-DA结果还显示:18个共有峰的变量投影重要性(VIP)值均大于0.8,说明不同批次水冬瓜树皮药材之间的质量存在微小差异,从中选择7个VIP值大于1.0的共有峰对应的物质作为质量差异性标志物,用来反映不同采收期水冬瓜树皮中主要化学成分变化。     

基于化学模式识别和熵权TOPSIS法分析鱼腥草不同部位的差异

基于高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱比较鱼腥草不同部位（茎、叶）化学成分的差异性,并综合评价鱼腥草不同部位的质量。建立鱼腥草不同部位的HPLC指纹图谱,通过相似度评价、化学模式识别及熵权TOPSIS法对其化学成分进行差异性研究,并对其质量标志物（槲皮苷）进行含量测定。建立的HPLC指纹图谱中鱼腥草药材及其茎叶均确定了8个共有峰,指认了其中6个成分;聚类分析（CA）和主成分分析（PCA）结果表明鱼腥草叶和茎的质量差异大,叶和药材的质量较接近;偏最小二乘法-判别分析（OPLS-DA）发现4种成分是造成不同批次样品差异性的主要标志物;熵权TOPSIS法分析显示同批次鱼腥草药材与其茎叶既有相关性也有差异性,且四川产地的鱼腥草药材质量较佳;含量测定结果显示,同批次鱼腥草中的槲皮苷含量由高到低均依次为叶、药材、茎。鱼腥草不同部位HPLC指纹图谱存在显著差异。该方法可反映鱼腥草不同部位质量差异性,为鱼腥草药材的质量控制及资源开发利用提供参考。     

鱼腥草中黄酮类成分的高效液相色谱指纹图谱分析

采用均匀实验设计和信息理论评价方法,建立了鱼腥草中黄酮类成分的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱的分析方法。采用建立的方法和本研究室提出的指纹图谱评价软件,对同样种植条件下10个批次的鱼腥草指纹图谱进行了相似性评价,相似度均大于0.90;同时测定了芦丁、槲皮甙和槲皮素3个成分在10批鱼腥草药材中的含量分别为0.25%～0.34%、0.27%～0.37%、0.012%～0.016%。另外对不同采收季节和不同部位的鱼腥草药材中的黄酮类成分进行了指纹图谱的测定、主成分分析以及成分含量测定,结果表明,不同季节、不同部位的鱼腥草中黄酮类化合物的指纹图谱及成分含量存在较大的差异,且药用部位的差异大于采收季节的差异。该方法为规范鱼腥草中黄酮类成分在制药和用药的实际应用提供了一些可靠的基础信息。     

浓缩当归丸及当归片的HPLC指纹图谱质量初步评价

应用当归药材HPLC指纹图谱技术并结合共有峰相似度、主成分分析(PCA)、聚类分析(HCA)等化学计量学手段,对部分市售当归单味药成方制剂——浓缩当归丸和当归片进行了质量一致性和稳定性,以及与当归药材相关性的初步评价。研究结果表明,浓缩当归丸与当归片之间因制备工艺不同,其化学物质的组成与含量具有明显的差异;不同厂家生产的同类药品具有比较一致的整体色谱形貌,浓缩当归丸与当归药材图谱的相似度略高于当归片,当归片的质量稳定性和一致性略优于浓缩当归丸;同厂家不同批次同种药品的质量差异较小。此外,通过浓缩当归丸和当归片与当归药材色谱指纹图谱的对比分析,进一步探究了当归药材色谱指纹图谱中可能的药效物质信息。     

复方丹参提取物高效液相色谱-紫外-蒸发光散射检测指纹图谱的建立

采用紫外/蒸发光散射检测器(UV和ELSD)串联检测技术,建立了复方丹参提取物HPLC/UV/ELSD指纹图谱。运用指纹图谱相似度评价软件,对14批复方丹参提取物HPLC/UV/ELSD指纹图谱进行相似度计算,结果相似度良好。该指纹图谱能同时反映复方丹参提取物中丹参和三七的主要化学组分特征,可有效评价复方丹参提取物的质量稳定性。     

丹参药材水溶性成分的高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对贵州铜仁丹参基地的丹参药材进行了指纹图谱研究。实验采用Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱 (5 μm, 4.6 mm i.d.×250 mm),以乙腈-0.4%(体积分数)冰醋酸水溶液为流动相,乙腈的体积分数在70 min内由0线性 增加到40%;流速1.0 mL/min;柱温25 ℃;检测波长254 nm。以19个主要共有峰为评价指标,采用国家药品监督管理局推荐 的“计算机辅助中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件”计算处理,建立了铜仁地区丹参药材的HPLC共有指纹图谱。该法操作简单 ,精密度、稳定性和重现性良好,有助于加强丹参药材的质量控制。     

Simultaneous determination of tanshinone I, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application to a pharmacokinetic study of a standardized fraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza, PF2401-SF

A rapid, sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of tanshinone I, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone, the active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza in rat plasma, was developed. After liquid-liquid extraction with tariquidar as an internal standard, tanshinone I, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone were eluted from an Atlantis dC18 column within 5 min with a mixture of methanol and ammonium formate (10 mm, pH 6.5; 85:15, v/v). The analytes were detected by an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The standard curves were linear (r=0.999) over the concentration range of 0.25-80 ng/mL for tanshinone I, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in rat plasma. The coefficients of variation and the relative errors of tanshinone I, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone for intra- and inter-assay at four quality control (QC) concentrations were 1.1-5.1% and -4.0-6.0%, respectively. The lower limit of quantification for tanshinone I, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone was 0.25 ng/mL from 100 microL of plasma. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of tanshinone I, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone after oral administration of PF2401-SF, the standardized fraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza enriched with tanshinone I, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone to male Sprague-Dawley rats.     

Diterpenoid tanshinones and phenolic acids from cultured hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and their antimicrobial activities

Four diterpenoid tanshinones and three phenolic acids were isolated from the crude ethanol extract of the cultured hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by bioassay-guided fractionation. By means of physicochemical and spectrometric analysis, they were identified as tanshinone ΙΙA (1), tanshinone Ι (2), cryptotanshinone (3), dihydrotanshinone Ι (4), rosmarinic acid (5), caffeic acid (6), and danshensu (7). These compounds were evaluated to show a broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity on test microorganisms including eight bacterial and one fungal species. Among the four tanshinones, cryptotanshinone (3) and dihydrotanshinone Ι (4) exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity than tanshinone ΙΙA (1) and tanshinone Ι (2). The results indicated that the major portion of the antimicrobial activity was due to the presence of tanshinones and phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots, which could be used as the materials for producing antimicrobial agents for use in agricultural practice in the future.     

Quantitative determination of four diterpenoids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae using LC-MS-MS

An HPLC-ESI-MS-MS method has been developed for the quantitative determination of four diterpenoids, dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM, the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza BGE.). The diterpenoids were chromatographically separated on a C18 HPLC column, and the quantification of these diterpenoids was based on the fragments of [M+H]+ under collision-activated conditions and in Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) mode. The quantitative method was validated, and the mean recovery rates from fortified samples (n=5) of dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA were 95.0%, 97.2%, 93.1%, and 95.9% with variation coefficient of 6.0%, 4.3%, 3.7%, and 4.2%, respectively. The established method was successfully applied to the quality assessment of seven batches of RSM samples collected from different regions of China.     

Identification of major active constituents in the fingerprint of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge developed by high-speed counter-current chromatography

High-speed counter-current chromatography was applied as a method to develop fingerprinting of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a popular traditional Chinese medicine, in our previous study. Important active constituents that were directly related to the therapy effect should be identified. Each effluent fraction and standard samples (cryptotanshinone, tanshinoneI and tanshinoneIIA) were analyzed by ultraviolet spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. It was concluded from the UV-Vis spectrograms, retention times in LC analysis and mass spectrograms, that fractions 7, 8 and 11 were respectively cryptotanshinone (Mr 296), tanshinone I (Mr 276) and tanshinone IIA (Mr 294).     

Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers based on silica modified by deep eutectic solvents for the rapid simultaneous magnetic‐based solid‐phase extraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge,Glycine max (Linn.) Merr and green tea

Novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) with multiple‐template based on silica were modified by four types of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for the rapid simultaneous magnetic solid‐phase extraction (MSPE) of tanshinone Ⅰ, tanshinone ⅡA, and cryptotanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge; glycitein, genistein, and daidzein from Glycine max (Linn.) Merr; and epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and epicatechin gallate from green tea, respectively. The synthesized materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Single factor experiments were to explore the relationship between the extraction efficiency and four factors (the sample solution pH, amount of DESs for modification, amount of adsorbent, and extraction time). It was showed that the DES4‐MMIPs have better extraction ability than the MMIPs without DESs and the other three DESs‐modified MMIPs. The best extraction recoveries with DES4‐MMIP were tanshinone Ⅰ (85.57%), tanshinone ⅡA (80.58%), cryptotanshinone (92.12%), glycitein (81.65%), genistein (87.72%), daidzein (92.24%), epicatechin (86.43%), epigallocatechin gallate (80.92%), and epicatechin gallate (93.64%), respectively. The novel multiple‐template MMIPs materials modified by DES for the rapid simultaneous MSPE of active compounds were proved to reduce the experimental steps than single‐template technique, and increase the extraction efficiency.     

Microwave-assisted extraction of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography

A novel microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method has been developed for the extraction and determination of tanshinones (tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone I) from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge with analysis by HPLC. Various experimental conditions were investigated to optimize the percentage extraction. Under appropriate MAE conditions, such as ethanol concentrations of 95% (v/v), MAE for 2 min, liquid/solid ratio of 10:1 (ml/g), the percentage extraction can reach high in a short time. The percentage extraction (tanshinone IIA: 0.29%; cryptotanshinone: 0.23%; tanshinone I: 0.11%) by MAE was the same or even higher than conventional extraction methods. MAE only needs 2 min, but extraction at room temperature, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction and Soxhlet extraction need 24 h, 45 min, 75 min and 90 min, respectively. MAE was also available in pilot plant form for larger scale extraction.     

Preparative isolation and purification of six diterpenoids from the Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza by high-speed counter-current chromatography

A high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method was developed for the preparative separation and purification of six diterpenoids. dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, methylenetanshiquinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and danshenxinkun B from the Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The crude diterpenoids were obtained by extraction with ethanol-n-hexane (1:1, v/v) from S. miltiorrhiza Bunge. Preparative HSCCC with the two-phase solvent systems A composed of n-hexane-ethanol-water (10:5.5:4.5, v/v) and B composed of n-hexane-ethanol-water (10:7:3, v/v) was successfully performed in a stepwise elution yielding six relatively pure diterpenoids from 300 mg of the crude extract in a single run. The purities of dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, methylenetanshiquinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and danshenxinkun B were 88.1, 98.8, 97.6, 93.5, 96.8 and 94.3%, respectively.     

Metabolism of tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone I from Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza in zebrafish

The study aimed to investigate the potential of zebrafish in imitating mammal phase I metabolism of natural compounds. Three diterpenoid quinones from Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, namely tanshinone IIA (TIIA), cryptotanshinone (Cry) and tanshinone I (TI) were selected as model compounds, and their metabolites mediated by zebrafish were characterized using a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled ion-trap mass spectrometry (HPLC/IT-MSn) method with electrospray ionization in positive mode. The separation was performed with a Zorbax C-18 column using a binary gradient elution of 0.05% formic acid acetonitrile/0.05% formic acid water. According to the MS spectra and after comparison with reference standards and literature reports, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation or D-ring hydrolysis metabolites of TIIA and Cry but not of TI were characterized, which coincided with those reported using regular in vivo or in vitro metabolic analysis methods, thus verifying that zebrafish can successfully imitate mammalian phase I metabolism which instills further confidence in using zebrafish as a novel and prospective metabolism model.     

Orthogonal array design for the optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of tanshinones from Danshen

Different from the west medicine, the therapeutic effect of the traditional Chinese medicine is usually based on multifarious essential components or the combination of them instead of only one component. In this paper, a novel supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method has been developed for extracting tanshinones (dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone II(A)) from Danshen, the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Various experimental conditions were investigated to optimize the SFE. Under the appropriate conditions, extracting at 40 MPa, and 50 degrees C and with CO(2) flow rate of 25 L/h for 1 h, SFE can achieve a better yield as well as the recoveries of the tanshinones than the conventional extraction using methanol. Moreover, the target compounds were analyzed by HPLC with a C(18) RP column by gradient elution using ACN and water as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and with UV detection at 270 nm. Four calibration equations were then established and good linear relationships were shown (r(2) >0.999) in the investigated concentration range. The recoveries, measured at three concentration levels, varied from 97.2 to 103.8%. The method provided in this article could be applied as an improved quality control method for Danshen products.     

Cryptotanshinone but not tanshinone IIA inhibits angiogenesisin vitro

In the course of screening of angiogenesis inhibitor from natural products, cryptotanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza was isolated as a potent small molecule inhibitor of angiogenesis. Cryptotanshinone inhibits bFGF-induced angiogenesis of BAECs at ten micromolar ranges in vitro without cytotoxicity. Tanshinone IIA, another tanshinone isolated from S. miltiorrhiza, which is structurally very similar to cryptotanshinone except C-15 position of dihydrofuran ring does not inhibit angiogenesis induced by bFGF. These results demonstrate that cryptotanshinone is a new anti-angiogenic agent and double bond at C-15 position of the dihydrofuran ring plays a crucial role in the activity.