单柱离子色谱法测定砷酸根离子

砷是对人体有害的元素之一,对它的分析是环境监测中经常遇到的问题。原子吸收光谱法、电感偶合等离子体发射光谱法是测定砷的两种常用方法。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中砷

单质砷是一种斜方六面体的灰色非金属,在自然界中以多种形式广泛存在,如在地表水中,砷以AsO_2~-、As~(3+)、HAsO_4~(2-)、As~(5+)等形式存在,砷对人类及动物有很强的毒性,特别是无机砷毒性更强。目前测定砷的方法有原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和原子荧光光谱法等。本工作中采用盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+4)溶液消解样品,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中砷的含量。     

原子荧光法测定土壤中砷的消解方法研究

分别用王水消解法和硫酸-硝酸-高氯酸混合酸消解法处理样品,用原子荧光光度计法测定了砷的含量,比较了两种消解方法砷的测定值和标准值.结果表明,采用混合酸消解法砷的测定值低于标准值,而采用王水消解法可以准确测定土壤中砷含量,实验操作简单方便,结果准确、可靠.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱同时测定不锈钢厨具铬、镍、镉、铅、砷迁移量

干净的不锈钢厨具样品(5.0 cm×5.0 cm)用乙酸浸泡24 h后,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定不锈钢厨具中铬、镍、镉、铅,采用氢化物发生-ICP-AES测定其中砷的迁移量。研究了介质的酸度、硼氢化钾浓度对砷信号强度的影响,并考察了其他元素对砷测定的化学干扰。选择波长为267.716,231.604,214.438,220.353,193.695 nm 5条谱线依次作为测定铬、镍、镉、铅和砷的分析线。铬、镍、镉、铅和砷的检出限(3s)分别为0.032,0.026,0.006,0.033,0.007 5 mg.L-1,相对标准偏差(n=10)依次为0.7%,0.8%,3.1%,1.2%,3.6%。应用此法测定样品中5种元素测定值与国标法GB/T 5009.81-2003的测定值相比,两种方法所得结果相一致。     

电化学氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定尿中砷的含量

正砷及其化合物广泛存在于土壤、水、空气、植物及动物等环境中,都有可能被人体吸收,从而引起砷中毒,砷含量高时有可能致人死亡,故对人体尿砷含量的检测有重要意义。目前,测定砷含量的方法有分光光度法[1]、氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法[2]、原子荧光光谱法[3-4]、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法[5]和电感耦合等离子体质谱法[6]等,其中,氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法具有仪器便宜,样品前处理简     

AB-DTPA浸提-原子荧光法测定土壤中有效砷和有效硒

硒和砷是土壤中重要元素,目前关于提取测定有效硒和有效砷的报道还比较缺乏。本文采用原子荧光光谱法,以AB-DTPA为浸提剂,建立了一种准确测定本地区土壤中有效硒和有效砷的分析方法。通过考察浸提剂加入量,即土液比（m/v）;浸提时的振荡时间和振荡频率的影响,确立了适用于本地区土壤有效硒和有效砷提取分析的有效方法,结果表明：随着浸提剂的不断加入,所测土壤中有效硒和有效砷含量逐渐增大,当土壤称样量和浸提剂使用体积比为1:5时,所测土壤有效硒和有效砷含量最高,继续加入浸提剂后形成稀释效应导致测量结果偏低,故将土液比（m/v）定位1:5;当振荡时间不断增大时,所测所测土壤中有效硒和有效砷含量逐渐增大,振荡时间在30min时,浸提效果最佳,继续增加振荡时间到50min时对浸提效果影响不大,故将30min确立为最佳振荡时间;随着振荡频率的增大,有效硒和有效砷提取量逐渐增加,振荡频率在90-130r/min之间时,浸提效果最好,继续增大振荡频率,所测土壤中有效硒和有效砷含量变化不大。通过上述条件探索,选取五种土壤标准物质（GBW07441,GBW07442,GBW07443,GBW07444,GBW07445）进行验证,结果表明五种不同的土壤标准物质中有效硒和有效砷含量测定值准确,测定误差在-2.84~1.03mg/Kg,相对标准偏差为5.32%~8.85%,精密度和准确度均满足国家相关标准要求。     

新乐工业新区土壤中多种元素的测定

采用湿法消解对不同厂区的土壤进行前处理,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定土壤中的金属元素含量,使用原子荧光光谱法AFS测定砷的含量,测定的相对标准偏差为0.8%～3.0%,回收率为89.0%～105.5%。实验表明,方法简单快速、准确,较高的灵敏度和较低的检出限,均能满足土壤中多元素分析的要求。     

铍盐沉淀分离电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钨铁合金中磷和砷

钨铁合金中磷、砷等有害杂质含量直接影响钨铁合金的质量.按国家标准方法,钨铁合金中磷含量的测定,采用钼蓝光度法,砷含量的测定采用碳酸钠一过氧化钠碱熔浸出后在含酒石酸的硫酸溶液中通硫化氢使砷沉淀,与钨分离后再用钼蓝光度法测定[1].这两个标准方法均分析时间长、操作繁琐且难于掌握.本工作采用草酸一过氧化氢分解试样后,在EDTA存在的氨性条件下,以硫酸铍沉淀磷和砷,与钨分离.在同一试液中用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定钨铁合金中磷、砷的含量.     

高分辨ICP-MS测定涂料中痕量砷形态分布的研究

为建立高分辨率电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HR-ICP-MS)测定涂料中砷化合物形态分布的分析方法,应用离子交换树脂和溶剂萃取相结合的分离技术分离涂料中As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、MMA(甲基胂酸)、DMA(二甲基胂酸)等4种砷化合物,试液直接用HR-ICP-MS法同时测定上述4种砷化合物,在高分辨质谱测量模式下避免了大量的质谱干扰,考察了采用内标元素对基体效应的校正,应用标准加入法进行定量分析,确定了实验的最佳测定条件。结果表明,方法的检出限为0.002μg/g,样品的加标回收率为98.2%～104.2%,相对标准偏差为0.72%～2.61%。该法具有简单、快速、准确等优点,应用涂料中砷化合物的4种不同形态砷的测定,结果满意。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定食品中的铅、镉和总砷

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP–MS)法同时测定食品中的铅、镉和总砷含量的分析方法。样品经消化后直接用ICP–MS分析,采用在线引入混合内标溶液校正基体干扰和仪器的信号漂移。铅、镉、总砷的质量浓度在0~50μg/L范围内与信号强度呈良好的线性,线性相关系数(r)均大于0.999 0。用该方法对标准物质进行测定,分别采用湿法、微波消解法对样品进行处理,两种前处理方式测定值无显著性差异,测定结果的相对标准偏差在0.45%~4.2%之间(n=6),检测结果均在参考值范围内。该方法可同时测定铅、镉和总砷含量,操作简便、重现性好、结果准确可靠,可以满足各种食品中铅、镉和总砷同时测定的要求。     

微波辅助消解-原子荧光法测定玻璃中的镉砷铅

光学玻璃中的各种元素对玻璃的光学性能有不同的影响。如加入镉可以提高玻璃折射率;砷的引入能增加玻璃的透光度,含铅玻璃具有低成本、高折射性等优点。但是镉、砷、铅均为有毒元素,玻璃加工和处理过程以及毒废弃物的处理都可能引起水、土壤、大气的污染并给人体带来一定的危害     

消渴丸中重金属铅和砷的含量测定

样品湿法消解后用石墨炉原子吸收法测定了消渴丸中铅含量,用原子荧光法测定了砷含量.结果表明,消渴丸中重金属铅含量在0.23～0.55 mg·kg- 1之间;砷含量在0.55～1.09 mg·kg- 1之间;本法测定消渴丸中重金属铅的平均回收率为96.6%,砷的平均回收率为108.4%,说明该法可用于消渴丸中铅和砷的测定,...     

Mechanism of sensitivity difference between trivalent inorganic As species [As(III)] and pentavalent species [As(V)] with inductively coupled plasma spectrometry

The pentavalent inorganic arsenic (As) species [As(V)] is found to be 4% more sensitive than the trivalent species [As(III)] with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Although there was no sensitivity difference between As(III) and As(V) with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and neutron activation analysis (NAA). The calibration solutions of As(III) and As(V) were gravimetrically prepared from the unique mother standard solution of JCSS As standard solution which is certified by Japan Calibration Service System (JCSS). Since it is essential to use the calibration solutions with exactly the same concentration of As in order to accurately compare the sensitivities between As(III) and As(V). The mechanisms of this sensitivity difference between them were investigated by ICP-MS and ICP-OES, and it elucidated that the formation rates of hydride polyatomic species of As were definitively different between As(III) and As(V) species in the plasma. This phenomenon directly affected their sensitivities with ICP-MS and ICP-OES.     

Microwave sample-digestion procedure for determination of arsenic in moss samples using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Arsenic in moss samples was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) after microwave-assisted sample digestion. Two different sample masses (500 mg and 1000 mg) and three different microwave ovens were used in the digestion. There was a slight difference in the digestion efficiency, as determined by the residual carbon concentrations of 500 mg digested samples, between the microwave ovens. The arsenic results obtained for moss reference samples were, in most cases, satisfactory. However, phosphorus was found to have a reducing influence on the arsenic peak area in the ETAAS determination. According to the results, it was not possible to reduce the phosphorus interference by increasing the amount of Mg(NO(3))(2) in the Pd-Mg chemical modifier. The arsenic results obtained by ETAAS were compared to those obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).     

Comparative study of atomic fluorescence spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for mercury and arsenic multispeciation

Mercury and arsenic are two elements of undoubted importance owing to their toxic character. Although speciation of these elements has been developed separately, in this work for the first time the speciation of As and Hg using two atomic fluorescence detectors in a sequential ensemble is presented. A coupling based on the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (where mercury and arsenic species are separated) and two atomic fluorescence detectors in series, with several online treatments, including photooxidation (UV) and hydride generation, has allowed the determination of mercury and arsenic compounds simultaneously. The detection limits for this device were 16, 3, 17, 12 and 8 ng mL^–1 for As^III, monomethylarsinic acid, As^V, Hg²⁺ and methylmercury, respectively. This coupling was compared with an analogous one based on inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection, with detection limits of 0.7, 0.5, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.1 ng mL^–1, respectively. Multispeciation based on ICP-MS exhibits better sensitivity than the coupling based on tandem atomic fluorescence, but this second device is a very robust system and exhibits obvious advantages related to the low cost of acquisition and maintenance, as well as easy handling, which makes it a suitable system for routine laboratories.     

微波王水消解不赶酸原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的砷

采用微波消解土壤样品不赶酸的情况下利用原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的砷.结果表明:微波王水消解土壤样品不赶酸情况下,砷的测定值均在国家标准物质ESS-1的推荐值范围内.砷的线性范围分别为0.0～50.0μg/L,相关系数为r=0.9995.按称取0.2 g样品,定容至50 mL,求出砷检出限为0.5 mg/kg.砷回收率为93.4%～100.9%之间,相对标准偏差(n=4)为0.39～4.56%.结果表明:微波王水消解不赶酸原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的砷,灵敏度高,操作简便快速,结果准确可靠.     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法同时测定鱼体中砷和汞

为建立微波消解-原子荧光光谱法同时测定鱼体中砷和汞的测定方法,采用微波消解方法,双道原子荧光光谱法同时测定了鱼体中砷和汞的含量。结果表明,砷与汞的线性范围分别为0.2~2.0μg/L,0.0~50.0μg/L;相关系数分别为r=0.999 8和r=0.999 5;砷回收率为96.5%~101.5%之间,相对标准偏差(n=11)为1.22%,检出限为0.004 2μg/L;汞回收率为98.6%~103.0%,相对标准偏差(n=11)为0.67%,检出限为0.009 6μg/L。用该法测定鱼类中砷和汞,方法灵敏度高、操作简便快速、结果准确可靠。     

多道全自动原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的砷和汞

采用湿法消解对不同地区不同深度的土壤进行前处理,在最佳的实验条件下,应用原子荧光光谱法测定砷和汞的含量,测定的相对标准偏差As为1.4%~2.3%,Hg为2.0%~3.5%,加标回收率As为91%~106%,Hg为96%~102%。方法操作简单、快速,检出限、准确度均能满足土壤环境样品检验的要求。