金银花中微量铅、镉、汞、砷的测定

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法分别对金银花中微量铅、镉、汞和砷进行测定.给出了仪器的工作条件,及详细描述了4种元素的标准曲线数据包括线性回归方程、相关系数、线性范围和检出限.往金银花样品中加入铅、镉、汞和砷标准溶液,4种元素的加标回收率分别为94.2%,97.2%,107.2%,91.5%,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于3%.用该法分析了3个中国产地的金银花,4种有害元素含量未见超标.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定铜精矿中砷、铅和镉

铜精矿是国家重要资源性商品,砷、铅和镉属于铜精矿产品中的有害元素,国家质量监督检验检疫总局、商务部、国家环保总局联合发布的第49号公告,以及国家强制性标准GB 20424—2006规定了铜精矿产品中所含有害元素的限量。目前,砷、铅和镉等元素的分析通常采用火焰原子吸收光谱法、滴定法、氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)等,上     

原子荧光光谱法测定皮革中9种重金属元素的含量

皮革样品经硝酸-高氯酸（4+1）混合酸湿法消解后,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定其中砷、锑、汞、铅和镉的含量;样品经干法灰化后,用火焰原子荧光光谱法测定其中铬、钴、铜和镍的含量。对各元素的稀释介质、还原剂和仪器工作条件作了详细的叙述。9种元素的质量浓度与吸光度分别在一定的范围内呈线性关系;砷、锑、铅、钴和镍的检出限（3S/N）为0.5 mg·kg^-1,汞、镉和铜的检出限（3S/N）为0.05 mg·kg^-1,铬的检出限（3S/N）为5.0 mg·kg^-1。应用此法分析了皮革样品,以标准加入法做回收试验,回收率在89.2%～106%之间。     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定耳草中四种重金属元素含量

目的测定耳草中4种金属元素含量。方法采用微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定了中药材耳草中砷、汞、硒、镉的含量。结果在最佳实验条件下,砷、汞、硒、镉的检出限分别为0.305、0.016、0.082、0.039 ng/mL,样品中4种元素的加标回收率在97.2%～105.4%之间。结论该法快速、准确、简便且准确度高,为中药材中重金属含量的测定提供了较好的方法。     

顺序注射氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定环境水样中砷和镉

目的考察了光电倍增管负高压、砷和镉灯电流、原子化器高度、载气流量、屏蔽气流量、增敏剂等因素对测定结果的影响。方法建立一种顺序注射氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定水样中砷和镉含量的方法。结果载流HCl的浓度为0.60 mol/L,KBH4质量浓度为20g/L,增敏剂硫脲和钴离子的质量浓度分别为80 g/L和70 g/L时,同时测定砷和镉的效果最佳。在最佳实验条件下,砷和镉的检出限分别为0.009 3μg/L和0.12μg/L,加标回收率为92.3%～103.9%,相对标准偏差小于3.5%,被测水样中共存离子对砷和镉的测定没有干扰。结论该法操作方便、快速,用于环境水样中砷和镉的同时测定,具有很好的可行性和实用性。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定食品添加剂碳酸钙中的砷和汞

应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定食品添加剂碳酸钙中的砷和汞,并对样品中的主要成份及共存元素可能对检验结果的影响和实验条件进行了研究.结果表明,加入硫脲-抗坏血酸溶液后,碳酸钙中主要成份钙及可能存在的共存元素铁、铅、镉、铜、锑、硒、锡、铬、锌等不干扰砷和汞的测定.方法检出限为砷0.0124 μg/L,汞0.0009μg/L,回收率为砷101.8%～102.2%,汞102.5%～106.0%.精密度为砷0.37%,汞0.95%.建立的氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定食品添加剂碳酸钙中砷和汞的分析方法能满足日常检验的要求.     

酸度对氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定砷镉汞铅硒的影响

对用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定砷、镉、铅、汞、硒五元素时,溶液酸度对相关元素荧光强度的影响进行了试验,并提出了测定各元素时的最佳条件,所述酸度实际是指原子化前试液的综合酸度。试验结果表明,测定铅的溶液酸最严格,应控制在cHNO30．20～0．22 mol·L-1之间,与此相比,测定镉的酸度范围较宽,可允许在cHCl 0．20～0．31 mol·L-1范围内。而对砷、硒、汞的测定,酸度的影响最小,依次在cHCl>0．1 mol·L-1,cHCl>0．12 mol·L-1及cHNO3>0．16 mol·L-1的酸度条件下均能获得满意结果。     

顺序注射-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定紫菜中的无机砷和总砷

紫菜中既含有多种有益于人体健康的微量元素,如碘、铁、锌、硒等,也含有多种危害人体健康的重金属元素如铅、镉、汞、砷等。其中砷的毒性受到人们的广泛关注。砷的毒性在很大程度上依赖于其化学形态,毒性从大到小依次为、     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法在金属及合金中痕量元素测定方面的最新进展

评述了2003-2014年氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法在金属材料中痕量元素测定方面的最新进展及其在相关国家标准分析方法制修订中的应用,涉及钢铁及非铁金属及合金中锡、锑、砷、铋、硒、碲、铅、镉、汞等元素的测定;同时对该项分析技术的未来发展作了展望(引用文献65篇)。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法测定蔬菜中痕量元素

用微波消解对蔬菜进行前处理，石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法测定蔬菜中铅、镉、砷、汞的含量。用两种国家标准参考样品进行考察，结果表明该方法不仅简便、快捷而且分析结果可靠。并提出了该方法在蔬菜痕量元素测定中应注意的问题。     

Simultaneous Determination of Arsenic and Lead in Vegetable Oil by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry after Vortex-Assisted Extraction

Hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) is used for the determination of hydride-forming elements due to its high sensitivity, simplicity, and low cost. A new HG-AFS method for the simultaneous determination of arsenic and lead in vegetable oil is reported. Vortex-assisted extraction with dilute nitric acid was used to isolate arsenic and lead from vegetable oil. The conditions influencing the fluorescence signal, including the carrier fluid, oxidizing agent, and reducing agent, were optimized. The interferences of coexisting ions were also evaluated. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection were 0.6 and 0.4?µg?kg^?1 for arsenic and lead. The recoveries were from 84.4 to 105% for both metals in vegetable oil. The optimized method was used for the determination of arsenic and lead in commercial vegetable oil. The analytical results by this approach were in good agreement with values obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with microwave digestion.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定含铜污泥中多种重金属

为了填补现有方法的技术空白,本方法采用微波消解和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ ICP-AES）相结合,实现对含铜污泥中铅、锌、铬、镉、砷、镁、铝、锑量的同时测定。首先采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸微波消解进行样品的前处理,消解后加入高氯酸置于电热板进行除碳并赶酸,溶样效果理想,且有效避免了高温溶样对易挥发元素砷、锑的损失,整个过程安全、高效、无损。溶样后以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ ICP-AES）进行测定。对含铜污泥的分解方法进行了合理选择,并对测定时的元素分析谱线及各测定元素间干扰情况等进行了讨论。该方法的加标回收率在95.31%~107.28%%,相对标准偏差（RSD）在0.31%~2.05%之间（n=7),结果表明,该方法准确度高,操作简单快捷,可同时测定多种元素,能满足批量的测定含铜污泥中铅、锌、镍、铁、镉、铬、砷、锑含量的测定要求。     

原子荧光光谱法测定色母粒中铅含量

建立了原子荧光光谱仪测定色母粒中铅的方法。将色母粒样品置于电炉中炭化,然后以HNO3–HClO4洗涤样品残渣,再加热使余酸挥发,通过控制余酸的量使试样溶液的酸度保持在0.8%~1.3%之间,用原子荧光光谱仪对样品消解液进行检测。该方法测定结果的相对标准偏差在3.66%~7.52%之间,加标回收率在82%~120%之间。与电感耦合等离子体光谱法、原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法等进行比对检测,检测结果在允许误差之内。     

植物样品中痕量砷的形态分析研究进展

介绍了近十年来国内外植物样品中包括药用植物中砷的形态分析研究进展。由于植物中的砷含量甚低,其主要的检测手段是:氢化物电感耦合等离子体原子吸收光谱法(HG-ICP-AAS)、高效液相色谱-等离子体质谱法(HPLC-ICP-MS)、氢化物原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)。     

Multi-element characterization of tobacco smoke condensate

In an interlaboratory study, 57 elements were assayed and 35 of them determined in cigarette smoke condensate of two different cigarette brands. The methods applied included inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry. The main components carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen were determined by a CHN-combustion method. Sulphur was determined by a method based on the formation of hydrogen sulphide and precipitation micro-titrimetry. Considering the occurring concentrations and the toxicity, the most relevant elements in cigarette smoke condensate are arsenic, cadmium and lead which have relatively high transfer rates from tobacco into smoke.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Wilhelm Fresenius on the occasion of his 80th birthday     

Combined use of atomic spectrometric methods in the analysis of rocks

Standard reference materials of limestone, granite and argillite were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XFS), flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS and G-AAS), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The major elements Al, Ca, Fe, Si and Ti were determined by XFS and ICP-AES. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of the concentrations of the corresponding oxides obtained by XFS and ICP-AES were (1.36±0.51)% (n=18) and (1.30±0.70)% (n=17), respectively, on the average. The relative deviations (RD) from the certified values were (1.29±3.01)% (n=18) and (–0.69±5.48)% (n=14), respectively, on the average. The numbers in parentheses are the numbers of the single RSD- and RD-values used for the calculation of the averages and the relative standard deviations. Some minor and trace elements of the standard reference materials were determined by G-AAS and ICP-AES. The precision (RSD) was markedly better in the case of ICP-AES. On the other hand, the accuracy (RD) of both methods was about the same (7%). Apparently, the precision and the accuracy are primarily determined by the measuring technique and the sample pretreatment procedure, respectively. The analytical power of the combined use of atomic spectrometric methods is also discussed.     

原子荧光光谱法测定以磷块岩为原料制备磷酸中的砷

本文利用以水作载流的氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱仪测定了以磷块岩为原料自制的磷酸中的砷（As）。利用硫酸法溶融磷块岩自制出磷酸,优化仪器的工作条件,通过条件实验选择出适用于测定砷所需的盐酸和5% L（+）-抗坏血酸-5% 硫脲的用量。原子荧光光谱法测定结果如下：在0.5 ng·mL-1 ~ 8.0 ng·mL-1浓度范围内线性相关系数R2=0.99996;检出限为0.0018 ng·mL-1,样品的相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.82 %,样品的加标回收率在92.4 % ~ 103.4 %。通过与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）比对,结果一致。     

原子荧光光谱法测定萤石中的微量铅

以铁氰化钾–盐酸羟胺体系代替铁氰化钾–草酸体系,建立原子荧光法测定萤石中铅含量的方法。对实验条件进行了优化,在负高压280 V,灯电流65 m A,原子化高度8 mm,还原剂3%硼氢化钾溶液(含0.5%Na OH),载流4%盐酸的工作条件下,铁氰化钾–盐酸羟胺体系有明显的增感作用。样品中Ca~(2+)含量在4 g/L之内不影响铅的测定,溶解阶段通过高氯酸冒烟赶尽HF排除氟离子的干扰,并加入硫氰酸钠–邻菲罗啉消除铁和铜等离子的干扰。测定铅的线性范围为0~80 ng/L,相关系数r=0.999 6,方法检出限为0.187μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.25%~1.40%(n=12),加标回收率为97.8%~104.5%。该方法测定结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定结果相符。原子荧光光谱法快速准确,基体干扰少,灵敏度高。     

正丁醇萃取-原子荧光光谱法间接测定茶叶中的钼

建立了正丁醇萃取原子荧光光谱法间接测定茶叶中钼的方法。基于As?和钼酸铵在0.3 mol/LH2SO4介质中能形成砷钼杂多酸,且形成的杂多酸可以被有效地萃取到有机溶剂中,原子荧光光谱法直接测定有机相中的砷,间接得到钼的含量。在优化的实验条件下,钼含量在0.09～15.0-g/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,方法的检出限是0.09-g/L,相对标准偏差为2.3%,据此对不同茶叶样品进行分析,加标回收率为95.2%～96.9%。本方法对茶叶中Mo的检测结果与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法相符合。     

Cadmium,copper, lead,and zinc determination in precipitation: A comparison of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and graphite furnace atomization atomic absorption spectrometry

Selected trace element analysis for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in precipitation samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission Spectrometry (ICP) and by atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace atomization (AAGF) have been evaluated. This task was conducted in conjunction with a longterm study of precipitation chemistry at high altitude sites located in remote areas of the southwestern United States. Coefficients of variation and recovery values were determined for a standard reference water sample for all metals examined for both techniques. At concentration levels less than 10 micrograms per liter AAGF analyses exhibited better precision and accuracy than ICP. Both methods appear to offer the potential for cost-effective analysis of trace metal ions in precipitation.