猪肉组织中阿维菌素类药物残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了以高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测猪肉中阿维菌素、多拉菌素及伊维菌素3种大环内酯类药物残留的分析方法.样品用乙腈提取,经C18柱净化后,高效液相色谱等度分离,采用多反应监测模式,对3种药物在猪肉组织中的残留同时进行定性、定量分析.3种药物在5 ～250 μg/L范围内线性良好(r0.999),在5、10、20 μg/kg添加水平下,3种药物的回收率在84% ～103%,相对标准偏差为1.4% ～12.9%.3种药物的检出限(S/N=3)均达0.5 μg/kg.     

气相色谱法测定苹果和土壤中的高效氯氟氰菊酯

建立了改进的QuEChERS-气相色谱检测苹果和土壤中高效氯氟氰菊酯残留的分析方法,考察和评价了苹果和土壤两种基质对高效氯氟氰菊酯的基质效应。苹果和土壤样品均用乙腈提取,经石墨化碳黑（GCB）净化后直接进样分析。结果表明：在优化后的QuEChERS条件下,高效氯氟氰菊酯在0.05~10 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（R²）大于0.999,检出限为0.12~0.15 μg/kg,定量限为0.38~0.50 μg/kg。用基质标准曲线定量时,高效氯氟氰菊酯在土壤和苹果中的回收率分别为88.29%~97.65%和80.70%~98.69%。苹果和土壤样品对高效氯氟氰菊酯都表现出基质增强效应。该方法的回收率均能达到残留分析要求,用基质配制标准溶液能够有效、方便地校正气相色谱-电子捕获检测器测定高效氯氟氰菊酯残留时的基质效应,且能应用于苹果和土壤实际样品的检测。     

动物源性食品中阿维菌素类药物残留的QuEChERS-液质联用法测定

建立了动物源性食品中阿维菌素、伊维菌素、多拉菌素、莫西菌素、埃普菌素、乙酰胺基阿维菌素6种阿维菌素类药物残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.样品采用乙腈提取,C18粉分散固相萃取净化,经ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(1.8 μm,2.1 mm×50 mm)色谱柱分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱在多反应离子监测方式下同时测定.6种分析物在0.002 ～0.1 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均不低于0.991,方法的检出限(S/N≥3)为0.001 ～0.002 mg/kg;定量下限(S/N≥10)为0.002 ～0.005 mg/kg.猪肉基质中莫西菌素在0.005、0.01、0.02 mg/kg,其他化合物在0.002、0.005、0.01 mg/kg加标水平下,6种阿维菌素类药物的回收率为75% ～88%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为11.7% ～15.0%.该方法稳定、可靠,可满足动物源性食品中阿维菌素类药物残留检测与确证的需要.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法研究阿维菌素在苹果和土壤中的残留消解动态

建立了苹果和土壤中阿维菌素残留量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法,并且应用本方法研究产自泰安、西安及北京的苹果和土壤中阿维菌素的代谢规律.样品经乙腈萃取后,用饱和NaCl盐析分层,静置30 min后,旋转蒸发浓缩,氨基柱净化,应用UPLC-MS/MS选择多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式扫描测定.本方法最低检出浓度(LOQ)为1.0 μg/kg(S/N=10);在2.0～100.0 μg/L范围内阿维菌素的峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(r=0.9994).3个添加水平(1.0, 10和100 μg/kg)的平均回收率在79.2%～96.1%,相对标准偏差3.18%～9.14%.田间测定试验结果表明:阿维菌素在苹果中的原始沉积量为11.8～18.4 μg/kg,在土壤中的原始沉积量为44.7～54.8 μg/kg,代谢速率快,在苹果中的半衰期为2.35～3.84 d,在土壤中的半衰期为4.58～6.45 d.     

苹果及土壤中的螺螨酯残留分析方法

研究并建立了用乙腈提取,弗罗里硅土净化,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测苹果和土壤中螺螨酯残留的分析方法.螺螨酯在苹果和土壤中的添加回收率分别为82.11%～100.36%和79.27%～94.55%,相对标准偏差分别为0.92%～6.84%和1.89%～8.57%.该方法的准确度、精确度以及灵敏度均达到农药残留分析的要求.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定甘蓝中阿维菌素类农药的残留

建立了一种高效液相色谱同时测定甘蓝中阿维菌素类农药残留量的方法。用乙腈提取,三氟乙酸酐-N-甲基咪唑一乙腈衍生,高效液相色谱-荧光检测器检测。试验结果表明,阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素在0.001、0.01、0.1 mg/kg添加回收率分别为90.24~104.33%和87.18~96.01%;RSD分别为3.29~7.08%和2.55~6.13%。检出限为0.001 mg/kg。     

高效氯氟氰菊酯在田间环境中的消解行为研究

本文选择了我国从吉林到海南5个重要的农业生产区,对常用杀虫剂高效氯氟氰菊酯在玉米、大豆、甘蓝、土豆、苹果等农作物上的降解规律进行了研究,并对其在这几种作物上的使用安全性进行了评价.研究包括:建立了基于气相色谱-电子捕获检测方法的高效氯氟氰菊酯的检测方法;在对高效氯氟氰菊酯在土壤中的降解规律进行研究,发现在施药后的前五天,消解速率比较快,并且农药在土壤中的消解行为在统计意义上是没有显著差别.高效氯氟氰菊酯在五地土壤中的半衰期在1.56到5.30天的范围内;在对作物上农药残留的消解过程的研究中发现,其在苹果上的降解速率明显低于其他作物,其半衰期在北京为10.3天,安徽为17.7天.北京的其他作物中高效氯氟氰菊酯的半衰期在1.32至2.74天之间,安徽的其他作物中在2.07到3.80天之间.高效氯氟氰菊酯在作物中的传递性比较差,在直接接触农药的甘蓝和苹果中能够检测到农药残留,而在不直接接触喷施农药的玉米、大豆和土豆上检测不到残留.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定土壤中多菌灵、吡虫啉和甲基托布津的残留

建立了高效液相色谱法同时测定土壤中多菌灵、吡虫啉和甲基托布津残留的快速分析方法。利用甲醇-0.1mol.L-1HCl从土壤中提取,C18柱分离,紫外检测,在7min内实现了3种农药的同时分离测定。3种农药的平均回收率为87%、97%和92%,相对标准偏差为9.8%、8.1%和11.0%。     

速收除草剂在大豆及土壤中的残留动态

 采用 Zorbax SIL色谱柱、以二氯甲烷 -甲醇为流动相的高效液相色谱法 ,测定了速收除草剂在大豆田土壤和大豆上的残留动态 ,建立了样品前处理方法和分析方法。速收在土壤、青豆和大豆籽粒的添加回收率分别为84.82 %～ 85 .63 % ,88.79%～ 94.0 0 %和 93 .70 %～ 94.48%。速收在土壤中的半衰期 (t1 / 2 )为 1 0 .0～ 1 0 .5 d,降解速度较慢 ,但在收获期的土壤、青豆 (用药后 80～ 85 d)和大豆籽粒中均未检出 ,说明其残留污染性很小 ,可以在大豆田安全使用。     

QuEChERS净化GC/ECD测定茶叶与土壤中噻虫嗪、虫螨腈及高效氯氟氰菊酯残留

采用QuEChERS方法净化,建立了GC/ECD法同时检测茶叶和土壤中噻虫嗪、虫螨腈和高效氯氟氰菊酯残留的分析方法。样品经水浸润后,乙腈提取,适量PSA、GCB和Florisil混合填料净化提取液,GC/ECD检测。噻虫嗪、虫螨腈和高效氯氟氰菊酯的响应分别在0.50～400、0.20～100、0.40～200μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r均大于0.99,检出限分别为0.25、0.05、0.10μg/L。茶叶和土壤样品中,噻虫嗪、虫螨腈和高效氯氟氰菊酯的平均加标回收率为62%～108%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)不大于15.8%,方法的定量下限(LOQs)均不大于10μg/kg。方法简便、快速,能够满足茶叶和土壤中上述3种不同极性农药残留同时检测的需要。采用该方法测定了3种农药在茶园茶叶和土壤中的残留量,结果满意。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.