固载化AlCl_3催化剂上α-蒎烯异构化反应

分别以SiO2和γ-Al2O3为载体采用两步气相法制备了固载化AlCl3催化剂,并首次将其用于α-蒎烯液相异构化反应.结果表明,该催化剂对α-蒎烯异构化反应具有非常高的催化活性,其中AlCl3/SiO2催化剂在40oC反应时α-蒎烯转化率和主产物(莰烯、柠檬烯和异松油烯)选择性分别为98.4%和93.7%;AlCl3/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性更高,在30oC反应时,即可获得95.5%的α-蒎烯转化率和94.4%的主产物选择性.固载化AlCl3催化剂的高活性与其强酸性有关.     

α-羰基烯酮环二硫代缩醛化学(Ⅹ)——β,β-1,5-亚丙二硫基-α,β-不饱和酮与烯丙基Grignard试剂加成物的酸催化反应取向研究

β,β-1,5-亚丙二硫基-α,β-不饱和酮2b和2-甲基烯丙基氯化镁加成可得醇3b.在BF_3·Et_2O催化下,3b经分子内环合芳构化生成芳硫醚5b.2和烯丙基溴化镁反应得醇4,4在BF_3·Et_2O催化下经β-消除脱水生成共轭多烯类化合物6.二硫缩醛基以环和非环结构及环的大小对2与烯丙基Grignard试剂加成物在酸催化下的反应取向有重要影响.     

杂多酸型离子液体催化莰烯直接水合反应的研究

合成了6种杂多酸型离子液体,用于催化莰烯直接水合制异龙脑,考察了催化剂的种类及用量、反应温度、反应物配比和反应时间等因素对反应的影响.实验结果表明,1-(4-磺酸基)丁基-3-甲基咪唑硅钨酸盐([BSmim]_4SiW_(12)O_(40))催化剂的活性优于传统的催化剂;合成异龙脑的适宜条件为:温度80℃,[BSmim]_4SiW_(12)O_(40)催化剂用量为反应物总质量的20%,莰烯∶水∶异丙醇=1∶1∶2(质量比),反应时间3 h,在此条件下莰烯的转化率为23.55%,异龙脑的选择性为87.77%;[BSmim]_4SiW_(12)O_(40)催化剂重复使用5次,其催化活性无明显下降.     

1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]庚基环烷基(或环取代的烷基)醚的合成

近年来,我们曾报道了莰烯-三环烯在氢型丝光沸石催化下与开链醇及二醇等进行烷氧基化反应的结果。最近,Scheidll,Fran报道用浓硫酸催化莰烯与环戊醇反应,合成exo-1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]庚基环戊醚。     

大孔磺酸树脂催化合成α-松油基甲醚的研究

单萜基醚具有增加、修饰香味和香气的作用 ,可广泛应用于医药、食品、牙膏和香水等工业的调香 [1] .以固体酸催化单萜烯与脂肪醇直接反应制取单萜基醚 ,具有反应路线短、产物易于分离、无废酸排放等特点 ,符合绿色化学发展方向 .目前 ,一些学者选用分子筛催化剂对单萜烯的烷氧基化进行了研究 [2～ 4] ,我们以有机固体酸大孔磺酸树脂为催化剂 ,研究了 α-蒎烯的甲氧基化反应规律 .1实验部分1 .1材料和试剂将南开大学化工厂生产的高分子树脂进行专门处理得大孔磺酸树脂催化剂 ,测得其酸中心数为4mmol/g,使用前经 35 3K烘 2 4 h,置于干燥器中…     

乙酰丙酮氧钒催化氧化α-蒎烯一步转化成龙脑烯醛

以乙酰丙酮氧钒为催化剂,过氧化氢为氧化剂,研究了由α-蒎烯直接合成龙脑烯醛的反应。考察了溶剂、温度、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对催化性能的影响。结果表明,乙酰丙酮氧钒与H2O2反应得到的高价态V5+是优良的氧化还原-Lewis酸双功能催化剂,易使α-蒎烯经氧化、2,3-环氧蒎烷异构得到龙脑烯醛。在n(H2O2):n(α-蒎烯):n(乙酰丙酮氧钒)=2.5:1:0.01、反应温度为20℃、丙酮为溶剂、反应2h条件下,α-蒎烯转化率为50.2%,龙脑烯醛的选择性达58.7%,反应6h后α-蒎烯转化率可达73.0%,主要产物龙脑烯醛和马鞭草烯酮的选择性分别为47.2%和13.2%。     

由莰烯一步合成ω-丙酰基莰烯

ω 丙酰基莰烯学名1 (3,3 dimethylbicylo [2 2 1]hept 2 yl) 2 butanone是一种新型香料,由莰烯经过多步反应合成得到[1]。本文在文献[2]的基础上,用氯化锌作催化剂、乙醚与乙酸乙酯的混合液为溶剂,添加少量三乙胺,使丙酸酐与莰烯(1)发生反应,一步合成了ω 丙酰基莰烯(2),按纯莰烯计算,GC得率达38%,同时副产丙酸异冰片酯(3)。两者在纯化后进行了IR、1HNMR、13CNMR与MS表征。1　实验部分1 1　仪器与试剂　岛津GC 9A气相色谱仪,OV 101玻璃毛细管柱,30m×0 25mm,气化室250℃,柱温80℃,维持2分钟,升温速率5℃/min,终温200℃,维持10…     

两种β-榄香烯烃基硒醚类化合物的合成、表征

将硒用N2·H2O还原为Se2 2-后与卤代烃反应得到对称二硒醚,然后将其用NaBH4还原,再与13-氯-β-榄香烯作用,得到两种β-榄香烯烃基硒醚.用1H NMR,13C NMR,IR以及HRMS等手段对产物结构进行了表征.     

分子筛催化萜烯烷氧基化反应的研究 Ⅰ.异菠基烷基醚的合成

文献报道合成异菠基烷基醚(3)的路线有两条.一条是莰烯(1)和(或)三环烯(2)在酸性催化剂作用下与醇发生反应生成3;另一条是以异龙脑为原料,与氢化钠、硫酸二烷基酯反应生成3.前者生成3的选择性不高,且产率较低;而后者选择性虽然比较高,但产率仍不理想,且所用原料较多.本文首次报道以氢型丝光沸石为催化剂催化1和(或)2与 C_1—C_4醇发生烷氧基化反应,以比较高的选择性和较好的产率得到一系列相应的烷基化合物(3a—3g),     

TiO_2/S_2O_8~(2-)固体超强酸催化长叶烯异构化反应

采用TiO2 S2 O82 -固体超强酸催化长叶烯异构化反应 ,考察了催化剂制备方法及处理催化剂所用的 (NH4 ) 2 S2 O8溶液浓度、催化剂的焙烧温度、用量、反应温度及反应时间等对催化性能的影响 ,得出最佳反应条件。TiO2 S2 O82 -固体超强酸对长叶烯异构化反应具有很高的催化活性和选择性 ,主产物为异长叶烯 ,得率高达约 96%。     

Interesting Transformations of Thiocamphor

Thiocamphor has been found to furnish bornane, camphor, isoborneol, isobornylthiol, bornylthiol, tetrahydro-bis-(1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl)-3,3′-disulfide, and three isomeric bis-(1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl)-3,3′-dithiols when treated with NaBH₄ either in dry THF or dry diethylene glycol diethyl ether. The origins of the above interesting compounds and their mass spectral characterization are presented in this article.     

Interconversion of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yne and 5-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexylidenecarbene

This work provides unambiguous results for the full equilibration of cycloalkyne 2 with its isomeric ring-contracted vinylidene 3 prior to their reaction with 2,3-dihydropyran (4), as evidenced by the products formed when 2 and 3 are produced directly from their precursors having bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl and bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl skeletons, respectively.     

1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]庚基环烷基(或环取代的烷基)醚的合成

本文报道以缺铝氢型丝光沸石催化莰烯或三环烯与几种环醇, 如环戊醇、环乙醇、四氢糖醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇、2-甲基苯乙醇等烷氧基化反应的结果。     

On the lewis acid catalyzed diels-alder reaction of furan. regio- and stereospecific synthesis of substituted cyclohexenols and cyclohexadienols.

The [4+2] cycloaddition between furan and some dienophiles can be greatly accelerated in the presence of a Lewis-Acid (i.e. ZnI₂. The 7-oxabicyclo [2.2.1] heptyl system readily undergoes a base promoted β-elimination of the heteroatom bridge leading to substituted cyclohexenols and cyclohexadienols.     

Intramolecular cyclization of beta-amino and beta-ammonio radicals: a new synthetic route to the 1-azabicyclo

Treatment of 1-(2-phenylselenoethyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (15) with tributyltin hydride affords only the product of reduction, demonstrating the reluctance of the 5-hexenyl radical 9 to undergo ring closure. When the nature of the radical is modified, either by introduction of an ester group at C4 or via its quaternary ammonium salt, cyclization occurs readily; while the radical 52 gives an excellent yield of 1-methyl-1-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1.]octyl bromide (55) uncontaminated with the product of reduction, the bicyclic product from 21 is accompanied by some reduced material. Production of the unwanted alkene can be eliminated in the latter by recourse to the quaternary ammonium ester 1-(2-bromoethyl)-4-carbethoxy-1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridinium bromide (35) which, when exposed to tributyltin hydride, affords a 1:1 endo/exo mixture of 4-carbethoxy-1-methyl-1-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl bromide (37) exclusively. These results support the demonstration of the powerful polar effect of an ester function when attached to the double bond of a 5-hexenyl system, a property which can be exploited in the case of the radical 58. Treatment of the precursor, 1-(2-bromoethyl)-3-carbethoxy-1-methyl-3-pyrrolinium bromide (60), with tributyltin hydride generates 58 which is found to cyclize with high regioselectivity, affording a convenient high-yielding synthesis of the endo/exo isomers of 3-carbethoxy-1-methyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl bromide 57. The isomeric bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl ester 63 was not detected. These observations are in accordance with predictions based upon frontier molecular orbital considerations.     

Norbornanes. Part 21. Bridging strain in norbornyl and oxanorbornyl cations

Further evidence is presented that the 2-norbornyl cation is stabilized primarily by C(2)–C(6) bridging, and that C(2)–C(7) bridging leads to prohibitive strain. Thus, a comparison of the heats of hydrogenation of nortricyclene 17 and bicyclo[3. 2. 0. 0.^2,7]heptane 18 indicates that the strain energy of the latter is ca. 21.5 kcal/mol higher that that of 17 . Furthermore, 6-exo-2-oxabicyclo[2. 2. 1]heptyl sulfonates 8 ionize with strong O(2) participation to the bridged oxonium ion 12. In contrast, 2-endo-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl sulfonates 11 ionize without O(7) participation to form the unbridged carbenium ion 15 .     

Reactions de substitution homolytique—III : Etude stereochimique de la decarboxylation de peracides a structure bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanique

The decarboxylation of either 2-norbornane or 2-apobornane percarboxylic acids gives, by a radical process, a mixture of isomeric alcohols (2-norbornanols and 2-apobornanols). The exo entrance is always favoured (95/5 and 70/30 respectively for the norbornane and apobornane series). In this reaction the steric hindrance of 3-methyl cyclohexane and 7-syn-bicyclo (2.2.1) heptane is the same. By comparison with the stereochemical results of non radical reactions we consider that the pyramidal structure of the 2-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptyl radical influences the stereochemical course of the reaction.     

1,7,7—三甲基双环[2,2,1]庚基环烷基(或环己基烷基)醚的合成

本文报道以缺铝氢型丝光沸石催化烯或三环烯与六种含环醇的烷氧基化反应,以较高产率生成1,7,7—三甲基双环(2,2,1)庚基环烷基醚(或苯基烷基醚)。同时生成少量的(6,7,7—三甲基双环(2,2,1)庚基环烷基醚(或苯基烷基醚)副产物。含苯环产物通过Raney镍催化剂加氢也可得到标题化合物。     

Carboxylic acid clathrate hosts of Diels-Alder adducts of phencyclone and 2-alkenoic acids. Role of bidentate C-H ... O hydrogen bonds between the phenanthrene and carbonyl groups in host-host networks

Carboxylic acid host compounds (3) having a phenanthrene-condensed bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-en-7-one skeleton have been synthesized by the [4 + 2]pi cycloaddition of phencyclone (1a) with 2-alkenoic acids (2) and their inclusion behavior was investigated. The endo [4 + 2]pi cycloadducts (3) enclathrated alcohols and ethers besides aromatics and ketones. The X-ray crystallographic analysis of the inclusion compound (3ac-dioxane) of the endo [4 + 2]pi cycloadduct (3ac) of phencyclone and trans 2-butenoic acid (2c) indicated that dioxanes are located at the opposite side of the bridged carbonyl of the bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-en-7-one moiety, in which the O-H...O and C-H...O hydrogen bonds play an important role in the inclusion complex formation. Similarly, a pair of 3-pentanone molecules were included in the endo [4 + 2] pi cycloadduct (3ae) of 1a and cinnamic acid (2e). In both cases, the hosts are linked by the edge-to-face interaction between the phenanthrene and phenyl rings and the "bidentate" C-H...O hydrogen bonds between the phenanthrene-ring hydrogens and the bridged carbonyl or the carboxylic carbonyl group. The endo [4 + 2] pi cycloadduct (3bl) of tetracyclone (1b) and acrylamide (2l) also showed a wide-range inclusion behavior, in which alcohols are included by making a hydrogen-bond loop with the amide groups. The inclusion behavior of the carboxylic acid Diels-Alder hosts is discussed on the basis of the single crystal X-ray analysis, thermal analysis and semiempirical molecular orbital calculation data.     

Synthesis of novel chiral [2.2.1]cryptands incorporating sugars

Chiral N, N'-dimethyl diaza-crown ethers bearing functionalized α-D-gluco-, α-D-galacto-, and α-D-mannopyranoside residues are transformed into the corresponding [2.2.1]cryptands with bis(2-iodoethyl) ether under high-pressure conditions and subsequent demethylation. Alternatively, α-D-manno-diaza-18-crown-6 reacts with diglycolic acid dichloride under high-dilution conditions to form bisamide which is reduced to the corresponding chiral [2.2.1]cryptand.