MoO3在低比表面载体α-Al2O3上的分散容量测定

固体化合物如无机氧化物、盐类及有机物等在高比表面载体上呈现自发分散，这是一种相当普遍的现象，在催化剂和吸附剂及材料科学研究方面已有许多研究报导［'－'］．然而，相应固体化合物在情性小比表面载体上的分散还没有人研究过．小比表面载体的结构比高比表面载体稳定，结构较易确定·本文通过表面灵敏的X射线光电子能借（XPS）和X射线衍射方法（XRD）首次测定了Moo。在小比表面。－AI。O。上的分散容量，发现它与在高比表面载体7－AI。Oa上单位面积的分散容量不同，说明a－AI。O。与7－AI。O。的表面结构不同，为研究小比表面…     

MoO3在Al2O3薄膜表面扩散的研究

氧化物和盐类在高比表面载体上的单层分散现象已被大量实验所证实［１］．ＭｏＯ_３在γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３等高比表面载体上的分散已经研究很多,近来的研究证实ＭｏＯ３等在α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３等小比表面载体上也能自发单层分散［２］,但是分散的过程仍然缺乏直接的观察研究．本工作通过多种表面分析方法首次研究了ＭｏＯ３在平整无定形的Ａｌ２Ｏ３薄膜上的扩散过程以及影响因素．发现除温度升高外、水汽的存在对该扩散过程也有促进作用．１实验部分１．１样品的制备采用ＳＳ－３２００真空磁控溅射镀膜机,通入Ａｒ－Ｏ２作为反应气,直流磁控…     

XRD法研究CrO3与NaY、NaM分子筛的表面相互作用

负载于多孔性、高比表面载体上的三氧化铝是重要的工业催化剂，多年来人们对催化剂中Croa的存在状态以及与载体的相互作用进行了广泛的研究［‘－4］，发现CrO。能在载体表gn散成非晶相的表面化合物，非晶相Cr（VI）具有较高的催化活性．我们曾经对MoO。／NaY，MoO。／NaM体系进行过系统的研究，发现MOO。与分子筛载体间存在强表面相互作用［’］．在此研究基础上，选择了CrO3／NaY、CrO。／NaM体系，采用XRD法对上述体系进行了研究．结果表明170oC下晶相CrO。能在NaY、NaM分子筛上自发分散成非晶相Cr（VI），且分散量大．C…     

某些有机物在氧化物载体表面的自发单层分散

自发单层分散原理已在载负型催化剂制备、再生等方面得到越来越广泛的应用[1，2]．许多氧化物和盐类可以在载体表面形成单层分散或亚单层分散．有些分散物与载体混合后在低于其熔点的温度下处理，就可以自发分散到载体表面[1，3]．这一现象通过XRD、LRS、XPS、SIMS、ISS、EXAFS     

La-Mo系列复合氧化物超细微粒催化剂的制备

在催化研究领域，人们一直在寻找新的高效催化剂，由于超细微粒催化剂具有高比表面和表面能，活性点多，因而其催化活性和选择性大大高于传统催化剂．目前，催化工作者已在超细微粒催化剂的应用和开发方面做了许多有益的工作［’－’］；但是作为烃类选择氧化中研究较多的白钨矿（CaW。）结构的超细微粒催化剂报导甚少＊．文献报导La－Mo二元复合氧化物具有优良的甲苯选择氧化性能问．本工作采用溶胶一凝胶法，制得具有白鹤矿结构的La－Mo二元复合氧化物超细微粒，并初步探讨了制备条件对LaMo二元复合氧化物超细微粒组成、结构、粒子大…     

盐类在载体表面上自发分散的研究

本文用程序升温高温X射线衍射仪研究了若干盐类在不同载体表面上自发分散的动力学规律。结果表明:对一定的盐类和载体混合物存在一个特定的温度,在等于或高于此温度下烘烤样品明显地观察到盐类在载体表面分散,此温度称为临界分散温度。它可以作为衡量分散过程难易的量度。盐类分散过程可分为两步:第一步是盐类离开其晶相转移到载体外表面;第二步是盐类沿载体表面扩散而分散到载体整个内表面。对于较高熔点(一般大子400℃)盐类来说,临界分散温度和分散活化能的大小顺序常常与其熔点的大小顺序一致,对不同载体其临界分散温度和分散活化能差别很小,并且临界分散温度与盐类开始明显热无序的温度一致,说明分散速度控制步骤是第一步;对于较低熔点盐类来说,临界分散温度和分散活化能的大小顺序没有明显的对应关系,受载体种类影响很大,说明第二步是分散速度控制步骤。     

纳米钙钛矿型复合氧化物La_(1-x)Sr_xFeO_(3-λ)晶格氧与催化甲烷完全氧化性能研究

纳米钙钛矿型复合氧化物Ｌａ１－ｘＳｒｘＦｅＯ３－λ晶格氧与催化甲烷完全氧化性能研究１）钟子宜２）陈立刚颜其洁３）傅献彩（南京大学化学系南京２１００９３）关键词钠米氧化物钙钛矿型复合氧化物甲烷完全氧化氧物种我们在前文［１］曾报导纳米钙钛矿型复合氧化物Ｌ...     

SnCl4催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的传统工业制法是用浓硫酸催化邻苯二甲酸酐和正丁醇进行酯化,但副产物多,而且设备腐蚀严重．近年来随着催化剂的广泛研究,出现固体超强酸ＳＯ２－４／ＺｒＯ２［１,２］、ＳＯ２－４／ＴｉＯ２［１,３］、氧化物ＳｎＯ［４］、盐类Ｆｅ２（ＳＯ４）...     

加氢处理催化剂的制备和表征 Ⅰ.MoNiP/Al2O3催化剂的制备及助剂的作用

 采用专利方法制备出一种新型的γ－Al2O3,并以其为载体,制备出加氢处理催化剂MoNiP／Al2O3．用PAS－CA,XPS,DRS,TPR和微型反应色谱等技术对γ－Al2O3和催化剂进行了表征,考察了Ni和P两种助剂的作用．结果表明,γ－Al2O3具有较大的孔径,集中的孔分布和较高的机械强度;活性金属Mo在γ－Al2O3表面上的化学分散量（分散阈值）可达5．04～5．82μmol／m2．因而特别适合用作高活性加氢处理催化剂的载体．引入的Ni主要是同Mo／Al2O3催化剂表面上较稳定的金属－载体相互作用复合物反应,并生成类NiMoO4化合物;在MoNi／Al2O3催化剂中引入P,有利于抑制四面体配位结构的物种Mo［T］,增加八面体配位结构的物种Mo［O］,改善催化剂的还原性能,从而提高催化剂的加氢处理活性．助剂Ni和P的最佳含量分别为w（Ni）＝4．0％和w（P）＝2．6％．     

KCl、NaCl在分子筛载体上的分散阈值研究

采用高温衍射仪研究了KCl和NaCl. 和在不同分子筛载体内孔和内表面的分散阈值. 实验结果表明, 分散阈值显著地与烘烤温度有关, 烘烤温度愈高, 分散阈值愈大. 吸附水和固态离子交换反应也影响分散阈值大小. 用盐类溶液浸渍分子筛在低温烘烤时的分散效果与高温加热盐类和分子筛干混样品的分散效果大不相同. 例如, 浸渍时KCl在分子筛载体上分散很少, 这主要归因于吸附水对KCl的竞争吸附.     

MoO3、NiO、ZnO在小表面金红石上的分散行为

Dispersion of MoO3, NiO, ZnO on rutile TiO2 with low specific surface area was studied with Mercury Porosimeter, SEM, XPS and Ammonia Extraction method. The dispersion thresholds of MoO3, NiO, ZnO on three rutile TiO2 carriers were obtained with XPS, and com-pared with those on anatase TiO2 with high specific surf are area. Ammonia Extraction method was used to identify the surface oxide species interarting with support surface in different strength and it was found that the proportions of oxides that can not be extracted by ammonia extraction are different for MoO3, NiO and ZnO which are supported on rutile TiO2.     

Dispersion behaviors of molybdena on titania (rutile and/or anatase)

Raman and FT-IR spectra were employed to investigate the dispersion of molybdena on mixed TiO2 (rutile and anatase, signed as R and A) with different BET surface ratios of rutile/TiO2(R + A). The results showed that (1) molybdena would preferentially disperse on the rutile surface in mixed TiO2; (2) for MoO3/rutile with low molybdena loading (e.g., 0.20 mmol/100 m2 rutile), a dispersed molybdena species existed on the rutile surface in an isolated tetrahedral coordination environment, while for MoO3/rutile with high molybdena loading (e.g. 0.82 mmol/100 m2 rutile), a polymeric molybdena species could be detected on the rutile surface; (3) for the MoO3/anatase sample, a dispersed molybdena species existed on the anatase surface in a polymeric coordination environment; and (4) the formation of the Bronsted acid site on the surface of rutile and anatase should be related to the polymeric molybdena species. All these results have been discussed via the interaction between OH groups of molybdena and OH groups of rutile and anatase, and it seems reasonable to suggest that, for the lower molybdena loading, the different states of the dispersed molybdena species should result from the different dehydration orders of OH groups of the molybdena and surface OH groups of rutile and anatase.     

MoO3在介孔分子筛MCM—41上分散状况的研究

采用XPS和XRD方法,测定了MoO3在未经改性的MCM－41及用Al2O3和TiO2改性后的MCM－41上的单层分散阈值,发现,MoO3在用Al2O3和TiO2改性后的MCM－41上的单层分散阈值比未经改性的MCM－41上的要提高三分之二。另外,借助MoO3/MCM-41、MoO3/Al2O3-MCM-41、MoO3/TiO2-MCM-41系列样品的比表面积和孔分布测定,研究了MoO3在未经改性的MCM－41及用Al2O3和TiO2改性后的MCM－41上的分散状况。     

氧缺位型TiO2的制备、表征及其光催化析氧活性

采用69 ℃饱和水蒸气和H2混合气, 于927 ℃下处理金红石型TiO2, 得到不同氧缺位的光催化剂, 并用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面(BET)、电子顺磁共振(EPR)、紫外-可见漫反射(DRS)、光电子能谱(XPS)对其进行了表征. 考察了热处理时间对氧缺位型TiO2光催化分解水析氧活性的影响. 结果表明, 适量的氧缺位能显著提高金红石型TiO2光催化分解水的析氧活性, 其最大析氧速率达222 μmol·L-1·h-1.     

Dispersion and Structure Studies of Molybdenum Oxide on Anatase TiO2

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) were used to characterize the structure of the mixture of molybdenum oxide and anatase calcined at 723 K. The resuits indicate that molybdenum oxide can disperse onto the surface of anatase (TiO2) and the dispersion threshold is 11.2 mg in per gram of MoO3 or 4.8 Mo atoms/nm^2 TiO2. When the coment of MoO3 is below the dispersion threshold, MoO3 species is in highly dispersed state interacting strongly with TiO2 support and in discrete tetrahedral coordination. [MoO4], on the surface of TiO2. When the MoO3 loading is above this value, MoO3 exists in both dispersed phase and crystalline phase. MoO3 in dispersed phase is still a discrete [MoO4] tetrahedron; MoO3 in crystal phase is in octahedral coordination.     

低量La3+掺杂S-TiO2光催化剂的制备、表征及其光催化活性

采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了La³⁺/S-TiO₂纳米光催化剂,通过XRD、BET、XPS、UV-Vis等手段进行了表征.以甲基橙溶液为光催化降解反应的模型化合物,考察了光催化剂的活性,探讨了低量La³⁺掺杂对TiO₂纳米粒子光催化活性的影响机制.实验结果表明:S改性TiO₂后明显提高了TiO₂纳米粒子的光催化活性,而La³⁺掺杂S-TiO₂后,进一步提高了TiO₂纳米粒子的光催化活性,La³⁺的最佳掺杂量(相对于TiO₂的质量分数)为0.369%;La³⁺/S-TiO₂(ω(La³⁺)=0.369%)为纳米光催化剂时,甲基橙的脱色率达到92.4%(光照120min);XRD和BET分析表明,低量La³⁺掺杂抑制了TiO₂由锐钛矿向金红石的转变,阻碍了TiO₂晶粒的生长,提高了TiO₂的比表面积;XPS分析表明,S、La³⁺掺杂可以导致粉体的表面羟基含量增加,掺杂S以S⁶⁺形式置换TiO₂晶格中的Ti⁴⁺;UV-Vis分析表明,光催化剂La³⁺/S-TiO₂比纯TiO₂具有较强的紫外光吸收性能.与纯TiO₂相比,La³⁺掺杂TiO₂纳米粒子光催化氧化活性的提高应归因于La³⁺掺杂增加了表面羟基含量,增大了比表面积,增强了样品表面的紫外光吸收能力.     

低量Yb3+掺杂的TiO2复合纳米粉体的制备及光催化活性

姜洪泉,王鹏,线恒泽. 低量Yb3+掺杂的TiO2复合纳米粉体的制备及光催化活性[J]. 化学学报, 2006, 64(2): 145-150.     

TiO2-MoO3复合纳米管阵列薄膜的制备及其可见光活性

通过阳极氧化的方法制备TiO₂纳米管薄膜, 在MoO₃存在的条件下对该薄膜进行热处理得到TiO₂-MoO₃复合纳米管阵列薄膜. 利用X射线衍射(XRD), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), X射线光电子能谱(XPS), 电化学阻抗谱(EIS), Mott-Schottky 及光电化学方法对得到的薄膜进行了表征. XRD结果表明, TiO₂-MoO₃复合纳米管薄膜中的TiO₂主要为锐钛矿晶型. SEM实验证实了薄膜纳米管结构的存在, 样品中的MoO₃均匀地分散在TiO₂纳米管表面. 利用XPS方法分析了TiO₂-MoO₃复合纳米管薄膜元素的组成, 结果表明, MoO₃在TiO₂表面形成TiO₂-MoO₃复合纳米管薄膜. 研究了热处理温度以及热处理时间对样品的光电化学性能的影响, 相对于单纯TiO₂纳米管薄膜, 适量引入MoO₃提高了样品在可见光区的光电响应能力, 样品的平带电位负移. 在450 °C热处理60 min制得的TiO₂-MoO₃复合半导体纳米管阵列薄膜光电响应活性最高.     

Photocatalytic mineralisation of aniline derivatives in aquatic systems using semiconductor oxides

Photocatalytic degradation of aqueous solution of aniline derivatives such as ortho-nitroaniline (ONA), meta-nitroaniline (MNA), para-nitroaniline (PNA), 4-bromoaniline (4-BrA) and 2-chloroaniline (2-ClA) were carried out over ZnO or TiO2 (anatase and rutile) in a photocatalytic reactor. The observed results revealed that the order of photocatalytic activity for degradation of selected compound was ZnO > TiO2 (rutile) > TiO2 (anatase) with the ratio of the rate constants to the surface area of 3.2 x 10(-3), 1.9 x 10(-3) and 1.0 x 10(-3) respectively. The effect of some physical and chemical parameters such as amount of photocatalyst, pH, time of irradiation and solvent were studied. Degradation kinetic was according to Longmuir behaviour. Spectrophotometric methods and TOC analysis supported that aniline derivatives almost completely mineralized.     

Synthesis of highly active sulfate-promoted rutile titania nanoparticles with a response to visible light

Highly active sulfate-promoted rutile titania (SO(4)(2-)/TiO(2)) with smaller band gap was prepared by an in situ sulfation method, that is, under moderate conditions, sulfate-promoted rutile titania was directly obtained via precipitating Ti(SO(4))(2) in NaOH solution followed by peptizing in HNO(3) without the phase transformation from anatase to rutile. Thus, the negative impacts of phase transformation from anatase to rutile on the structure, surface, and photoactivity properties of the catalysts due to higher calcination temperature can be avoided. The catalysts were characterized by means of thermal analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR pyridine adsorption, and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The results show sulfate species are sensitive to the variation of calcination temperature. In the process of peptizing, sulfate species are homogeneously dispersed throughout the bulk of catalysts, allowing sulfate species to penetrate into the network of TiO(2) effectively. After being calcined at 300 degrees C, sulfate species occupy oxygen sites to form Ti-S bonds, as evidenced by XPS results. As calcination temperature is further increased to 600 degrees C or above, the active sulfate species on the catalyst surface are destroyed, and the sulfate species in the network of TiO(2) are expelled out onto the surface to form inactive sulfate species. Thus, Ti(3+) defects will be produced on the catalyst surface. Accompanying this process, surface area is decreased promptly, and crystalline size is greatly increased via two fast growth phases due to the decomposition of sulfate species with different binding forces. Most importantly, the band gap of SO(4)(2-)/TiO(2) is remarkably shifted to the visible light region due to the formation of Ti-S bonds, and with increasing calcination temperature the visible light absorption capability is reduced due to breakage of Ti-S bonds. The excellent photoactivity of 300 degrees C calcined SO(4)(2-)/TiO(2) can be explained by its small crystalline size, high surface area, loose and porous microstructure, and the generation of Br?nsted acidity on its surface.