从自然到仿生到实际应用的超亲水表面

极端润湿表面一直是表面工程领域的重要研究主题。由于与水具有强烈的吸引力,超亲水表面具有自清洁、防雾等特点,在很多领域都表现出很强的应用潜力。与超疏水表面相比,超亲水表面的研究相对较少,在学术和应用上还存在一些问题。本文介绍了关于超亲水定义的学术争论,分析了超亲水现象的机理,还介绍了超亲水表面的制备方法和实际应用,并指出了超亲水表面存在的问题和研究新动向。本文为超亲水表面的研究提供了一个较为全面/系统的综述。     

特殊浸润性表面的液滴凝结

以铝片为基底, 经电化学腐蚀和沸水处理制备了多级微纳米结构; 通过气相沉积和涂油分别制备了超疏水表面、 疏水超润滑(slippery)表面和亲水slippery表面; 探究了表面不同的特殊浸润性(超亲水、 超疏水、 疏水slippery和亲水slippery)对液滴凝结的影响. 结果表明, 超亲水表面的液滴凝结属于膜状冷凝, 超疏水表面和slippery表面的液滴凝结均属于滴状冷凝. 超疏水表面液滴合并时, 合并的液滴会不定向弹离表面. 疏水slippery表面和亲水slippery表面由于表面浸润性的不同导致液滴成核密度和液滴合并的差异, 亲水slippery表面凝结液滴的最大体积远大于疏水slippery表面凝结液滴的最大体积. 4种表面的雾气收集效率由大到小依次为亲水slippery表面>疏水slippery表面>超亲水表面>超疏水表面.     

分子自组装法制备具有可控浸润性的铜表面简

通过简单浸泡的方法在铜基底上制备出了具有微纳米复合结构的氧化铜,再利用混合硫醇溶液[含HS(CH2)9CH3和 HS(CH2)11OH]对浸泡后的表面进行修饰,通过控制溶液中HS(CH2)11OH的浓度,制备出一系列具有不同浸润性的铜表面,实现表面从超疏水到超亲水的有效调控. 研究发现,表面浸润的可控性源于表面复合结构与不同化学组成的协同作用,微纳米复合结构的存在为表面浸润性的调节提供了必要的条件.     

仿生智能浸润性表面研究的新进展

简要介绍了固体表面浸润性的概念及近年来的相关理论研究成果, 并概述了自然界中具有特殊浸润性表面的生物体典型实例以及仿生制备的特殊浸润性表面和智能响应表面, 展望了具有特殊浸润性表面的研究方向.     

分子自组装法制备具有可控浸润性的铜表面

通过简单浸泡的方法在铜基底上制备出了具有微纳米复合结构的氧化铜, 再利用混合硫醇溶液[含HS(CH₂)₉CH₃和 HS(CH₂)₁₁OH]对浸泡后的表面进行修饰, 通过控制溶液中HS(CH₂)₁₁OH的浓度, 制备出一系列具有不同浸润性的铜表面, 实现表面从超疏水到超亲水的有效调控. 研究发现, 表面浸润的可控性源于表面复合结构与不同化学组成的协同作用, 微纳米复合结构的存在为表面浸润性的调节提供了必要的条件.     

一步阳极氧化法制备超亲水氧化铝

本文应用一步阳极氧化法在铝表面制作纳米粗糙结构的超亲水表面.考察控槽压、控电流及氧化时间对氧化铝表面超亲水性的影响.测试表明,控电流法更有利于制作超亲水表面,增大电流密度可缩短氧化时间,该法可制作稳定性好、机械强度高的超亲水氧化铝表面,富有潜在的应用价值.     

超浸润油水分离材料的研究进展

海洋石油泄露和工业废水违规排放造成了严重的环境和生态污染。近年来,受荷叶、水黾、鲨鱼等动植物组织结构的启发,超浸润材料的设计与开发成为当前研究的热点之一,在油水分离领域展现出十分重要的实际应用价值。本文首先介绍了表面浸润性的基本理论,然后综述了近年来包括超疏水型、超亲水型、Janus型以及功能型超浸润油水分离材料的研究进展,最后总结了目前该领域存在的一些问题,并指出利用简单环保的方法开发出低成本、耐久性和高效分离能力的超浸润油水分离材料将会是该领域的主要发展方向。     

材料表面的润湿性

近年来,固体表面的润湿性因其在实际生活中的广泛应用前景而引起人们极大关注。本文就固体表面几种典型的润湿性模型及过渡态理论的最新研究成果,对超亲水材料、超疏水材料的构筑方法、影响因素、应用前景及研究现状做了简明扼要的介绍。最后对超亲水、超疏水材料的研究与发展方向作了展望。     

水下超疏油仿生特殊粘附界面材料的研究进展

水下超疏油表面由于在防污材料、微流控技术、生物粘附等方面具有广泛的应用前景,已经引起人们的普遍关注。本文简单介绍了浸润性在液相体系的相关概念及基础理论,综述了自然界中的水下超疏油低粘附生物体典型实例以及水下超疏油仿生特殊粘附界面材料的仿生制备和智能调控,并对水下超疏油仿生界面材料的发展进行了展望。     

超亲水超疏油油水分离膜的制备及其性能

超亲水-超疏油油水分离膜是一种过水隔油的特殊分离膜,在处理海洋溢油污染、环境含油废水时具有保持分离膜不被油污染的优势,有十分重要的实际意义。为了掌握近年来超亲水超疏油分离膜的发展动态,本文首先以液体静压力与毛细作用力为基础阐述亲水疏油膜的油水分离机理;然后分类概括超亲水-超疏油金属基底网膜、刺激响应油水分离膜、无基底聚合物膜材料的制备及各项性能的研究新进展;最后总结目前在该领域仍存在的问题并进行展望。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.