液晶冠醚、碳纳米管、水溶性杯芳烃在分析化学中的应用

综述了液晶冠醚、碳纳米管、水溶性杯芳烃在分析化学中应用的新进展。介绍了液晶冠醚在离子传输、分子识别、色谱分析、LB膜等各方面的应用;讨论了碳纳米管在扫描显微镜探针针尖、气体传感器、化学修饰电极和化学分离与检测方面的应用,以及水溶性杯芳烃在光度法、电化学、色谱分离方面的应用。     

纳米材料修饰电极在电化学分析中的应用研究进展

综述了纳米材料修饰电极在电化学分析中的应用研究.主要总结了国内外纳米金属材料、纳米金属氧化物材料、碳纳米管与碳纳米管复合物以及其他纳米材料在电化学分析中的应用研究,并指出了纳米材料修饰电极在电化学分析应用中存在的问题.     

Gaussian 03 软件在染整课程中的应用

讨论了Gaussian 03 在染整课程中的具体应用,尤其对结构的稳定性、振动频率、染料颜色和结构的关系、分子的电荷布局在化学反应中的应用进行具体介绍。这些应用极大的丰富了课堂教学内容,提高教学质量。     

Gaussian 03软件在染料化学教学中的应用

讨论了Gaussian 03在染整课程中的具体应用,尤其对结构的稳定性、振动频率、染料颜色和结构的关系、分子的电荷布局在化学反应中的应用进行具体介绍.这些应用极大的丰富了课堂教学内容,提高教学质量.     

稀土元素分离检测技术新进展

对2003年以来稀土元素分离检测技术的新进展进行了评述，重点集中于各种新型分离技术、新型检测技术及其在稀土元素分析中的应用。对于离子液体、纳米材料、离子印迹聚合物等新型材料以及浊点萃取、膜萃取、毛细管电泳等新型技术在稀士元素分离中的应用进行了详细讨论，并对中子活化分析、等离子体原子发射光谱和等离子体质谱在稀土元素检测中的应用进行了综述，重点讨论了等离子体质谱技术的应用。在回顾稀土元素分离检测技术进展的同时，对其在未来几年的发展趋势进行了评述。     

离子液体在生物柴油合成中的应用进展

介绍了合成生物柴油常用的酯交换方法以及离子液体的定义、结构、性质和制备方法, 简单描述了酸性离子液体作为催化剂在酯化反应中的应用, 综述了离子液体在生物柴油合成中的应用进展并展望了其应用前景.     

毛细管电泳技术在药物分离分析中的研究与应用

综述了近5年毛细管电泳在手性药物拆分、药物制剂及中草药分析中的应用.在手性药物拆分的应用中主要探讨了手性选择剂的种类及毛细管分离方法;在药物制剂、中草药的应用中主要介绍该法对药效成分进行的分离及定量分析,总结方法的检出限、线性范围和检测方法;最后,探讨了毛细管电泳在求取药物水解常数上的应用.提出毛细管电泳在药物分析中将有广阔的应用前景.     

碳纳米管在分离科学中的应用研究进展

碳纳米管(CNTs)作为一种新型纳米材料已在材料、催化、吸附分离等诸多领域得到了广泛的应用。本文对近年来CNTs在分离科学中的应用研究进展进行了简要评述,主要讨论了CNTs在固相萃取、固相微萃取、膜萃取、色谱固定相和毛细管电泳假固定相等方面的应用。     

非对称纳米材料的性质及其应用

具有非对称结构的纳米材料显示出独特的物理和化学性质,在生物传感、靶向药物运载以及分子检测等生物医学领域具有良好的应用前景.本文就非对称纳米材料的性质及其应用方面的最新研究进展进行了综述.首先,我们从三个不同方面讨论了非对称纳米材料的性质及相关应用,即表面双亲性、催化特性和生物相容性;然后着重强调了非对称纳米材料在生物医学上的应用,如生物传感、靶向运载、基因疫苗以及杀菌剂;最后,我们对非对称纳米材料在制备技术的改进及其在食品安全领域的应用作出了展望.     

含硫壳聚糖衍生物的应用研究进展

本文综述了近年来含硫壳聚糖衍生物的制备及应用研究进展,主要介绍了巯基化壳聚糖、硫脲衍生物修饰壳聚糖在金属离子吸附分离中的应用及磺化壳聚糖在生物医药方面的应用。     

纳米碳点的制备与应用研究进展

纳米碳点是碳纳米材料家族的新成员,近年来在国内外受到广泛关注。与传统的荧光染料和半导体量子点发光材料相比,碳点不仅具有优异的光学性能及尺寸效应,且具有制备成本低廉、生物相容性好、易于官能化、能带结构可调等优势。本文在理清有关碳点概念的基础之上,介绍了碳点结构特征和制备策略,着重综述了纳米碳点在生物成像与诊疗、传感器件、催化、光电器件和能量存储领域的最新研究进展,探讨了碳点研究目前存在的问题及未来的发展方向。     

Reactions of 1,5-Diketones with Ammonia and Its Derivatives. (Review)

Published data and the authors' own experimental results on the reaction of aliphatic, semicyclic, and oxosemicyclic 1,5-diketones and alkylidene- and arylidene-2,2-dicyclanones with ammonia, ammonium acetate, and XNH₂ derivatives, where X = Alk, Ar, OH, NH₂, PhNH, ArCONH, and CHO, are reviewed. The characteristics and the relationships governing the transformations into azaheterocycles in relation to the nature of the reagents and the reaction conditions are discussed.     

食品及环境样品中双酚类物质的前处理及检测方法研究进展

双酚类物质作为一种环境内分泌干扰物,广泛存在于食品包装材料及环境介质中,对生态环境造成污染,也对人体健康产生一定危害。双酚残留是目前重要的食品安全问题,检测食品和环境样品中的双酚类物质的含量对人体健康具有重要的意义。由于残留目标物浓度通常较低,且实际样品存在基质干扰,因此需经一定的样品前处理,并结合仪器分析方法,提高检测效率,增强分析灵敏度与可靠性。常用的前处理分析方法主要有液液萃取、微波辅助萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、基质分散固相萃取、QuEChERS等,常用仪器分析方法包括液相色谱法、气相色谱法、毛细管电泳法、酶联免疫吸附测定法、生物传感器法等。该文综述了食品及环境样品中双酚类物质的样品前处理及仪器分析方法,为双酚类化合物的残留监测提供了参考依据。     

Discovery of ErbB/HDAC inhibitors by combining the core pharmacophores of HDAC inhibitor vorinostat and kinase inhibitors vandetanib,BMS-690514, neratinib,and TAK-285

By combining the core pharmacophores of HDAC inhibitor vorinostat and kinase inhibitors vandetanib, BMS-690514, neratinib, and TAK-285 with 1,2,3-triazole as linker, eight novel 6-substituted-4- aminoquinazolin derivatives were synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and high resolution mass spectrometry. Their inhibitory activities against five enzymes (VEGFR2, HER2, EGFR, HDAC1, and HDAC6) and five cancer cell lines (A549, BT-474, A431, SK-BR-3, and NCI-H1975) were evaluated. The bioassay results show that the introduction of triazole linked vorinostat-like segment dramatically changed the selectivity profiles of newly synthetic compounds relative to vandetanib, BMS- 690514, neratinib, and TAK-285. Among them, compound 6b exerted outstanding enzymatic and cellular activities through its simultaneous and synergistic inhibitions on multiple pathways, which might have the great potential to confer the better benefits than single-targeted inhibitors in cancer therapy.     

生物热化学和热动力学研究进展

生命相关过程伴随着极其复杂的化学和物理过程,包含着物质变化和能量转换,其中部分能量不可避免地会以热的形式表现出来。用微量热技术和热动力学方法,研究复杂生命体系和相关反应的热动力学过程,可宏观地、本质地反映生命相关过程的内在规律。本文综述了生物量热学方法和技术在生命科学中的应用,介绍了生物量热技术在生态系统、生物组织和器官、细胞水平、亚细胞水平和分子层面等不同生物层次和结构水平上的研究现状和进展。     

Nondestructive characterization of nanoscale layered samples

Multilayered samples consisting of Al, Co and Ni nanolayers were produced by MBE and characterized nondestructively by means of SRXRF, μ-XRF, WDXRF, RBS, XRR, and destructively with SIMS. The main aims were to identify the elements, to determine their purity and their sequence, and also to examine the roughness, density, homogeneity and thickness of each layer. Most of these important properties could be determined by XRF methods, e.g., on commercial devices. For the thickness, it was found that all of the results obtained via XRR, RBS, SIMS and various XRF methods (SRXRF, μ-XRF, WDXRF) agreed with each other within the limits of uncertainty, and a constant deviation from the presets used in the MBE production method was observed. Some serious preliminary discrepancies in the results from the XRF methods were examined, but all deviations could be explained by introducing various corrections into the evaluation methods and/or redetermining some fundamental parameters.     

二维材料“遇见”生物大分子:机遇与挑战

二维材料的超薄原子层结构使其具有独特的力学性能、导热导电性以及巨大的比表面积,在能源存储、催化、传感和生物医学等领域引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。将二维材料与具有生物活性的生物大分子相结合可以为开发具有优异电学、力学和生物学功能的特种功能材料提供新的方法和途径。近年来,科研工作者针对这一方向展开了广泛的研究,取得了一系列重要的成果,使二维材料与生物大分子的结合与应用成为了新的研究热点。本文综述了近年来二维材料和生物大分子之间的相互作用及应用的研究进展,重点介绍了二维材料与生物大分子在分子水平上的相互作用机理,还总结了基于二维材料与生物大分子之间的相互作用在工程、疾病治疗和抗菌中的应用,并对其未来的研究趋势提出了展望。     

Green synthesis of biogenic metal nanoparticles by terrestrial and aquatic phototrophic and heterotrophic eukaryotes and biocompatible agents

The size, shape and controlled dispersity of nanoparticles play a vital role in determining the physical, chemical, optical and electronic properties attributing its applications in environmental, biotechnological and biomedical fields. Various physical and chemical processes have been exploited in the synthesis of several inorganic metal nanoparticles by wet and dry approaches viz., ultraviolet irradiation, aerosol technologies, lithography, laser ablation, ultrasonic fields, and photochemical reduction techniques. However, these methodologies remain expensive and involve the use of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, there is a growing concern for the development of alternative environment friendly and sustainable methods. Increasing awareness towards green chemistry and biological processes has led to a necessity to develop simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly procedures. Phototrophic eukaryotes such as plants, algae, and diatoms and heterotrophic human cell lines and some biocompatible agents have been reported to synthesize greener nanoparticles like cobalt, copper, silver, gold, bimetallic alloys, silica, palladium, platinum, iridium, magnetite and quantum dots. Owing to the diversity and sustainability, the use of phototrophic and heterotrophic eukaryotes and biocompatible agents for the synthesis of nanomaterials is yet to be fully explored. This review describes the recent advancements in the green synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles by plants, aquatic autotrophs, human cell lines, biocompatible agents and biomolecules.     

Environmentally Friendly Techniques and Their Comparison in the Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from Green Tea,Rosemary, Clove,and Oregano

Many current food and health trends demand the use of more ecological, sustainable, and environmentally friendly techniques for the extraction of bioactive compounds, including antioxidants. However, extraction yields and final antioxidant activities vary between sources and are highly influenced by the given extraction method and nature and ratio of the employed solvent, especially for total polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which are well recognized as natural antioxidants with food applications. This review focused on the most common extraction techniques and potential antioxidant activity in the food industry for various natural antioxidant sources, such as green tea, rosemary, clove, and oregano. Green extraction techniques have been proven to be far more efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical. In general, these techniques include the use of microwaves, ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, enzymes, and deep eutectic solvents, among others. These extraction methods are described here, including their advantages, disadvantages, and applications.     

Electrochemical Biosensors in Food Safety: Challenges and Perspectives

Safety and quality are key issues for the food industry. Consequently, there is growing demand to preserve the food chain and products against substances toxic, harmful to human health, such as contaminants, allergens, toxins, or pathogens. For this reason, it is mandatory to develop highly sensitive, reliable, rapid, and cost-effective sensing systems/devices, such as electrochemical sensors/biosensors. Generally, conventional techniques are limited by long analyses, expensive and complex procedures, and skilled personnel. Therefore, developing performant electrochemical biosensors can significantly support the screening of food chains and products. Here, we report some of the recent developments in this area and analyze the contributions produced by electrochemical biosensors in food screening and their challenges.