滴定法测定矿物中铀

对测定矿物中铀含量的滴定法进行改进。在采用规程EJ 267.3–1984 《铀矿石中铀的测定三氯化钛还原/钒酸铵氧化滴定法》的方法测定选冶流程样品中的铀含量时,首先在550℃焙烧样品90 min,继而采用盐酸–双氧水–氢氟酸混酸体系和盐酸–氯化亚锡–磷酸混酸体系两步法溶样,将13 mL磷酸预先加入到锥形瓶中,以降低样品溶液的黏度,从而使过滤时间缩短10 min以上。选用二苯胺作指示剂,二氯化锡作还原剂,改善了终点灵敏度。解决了钼干扰和滴定过量的问题。该方法测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.43%～0.90%(n=5),回收率为99.9%～100.6%。该方法已用于批量样品检测,效果良好。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定预熔型精炼渣中的氧化镁

建立了测定预熔型精炼渣中氧化镁的火焰原子吸收光谱法。样品采用氢氟酸–王水–高氯酸分解后,加入少量硫酸可使溶液底部的絮状不溶物溶解完全。在盐酸介质中,加入氯化锶消除干扰,利用空气–乙炔火焰以原子吸收光谱仪进行测定。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.50%~1.08%(n=12),测定标准物质的相对误差为–0.92%,加标回收率为97.56%~102.14%。该法操作简便,分析速度快,适用于大批量样品分析。     

石墨炉消解-EDTA滴定法测定铅矿石及铅精矿中的铅

建立石墨炉消解–EDTA滴定法测定铅矿石及铅精矿中铅。样品经硝酸–硫酸混酸分解生成硫酸铅沉淀,经过滤与其它元素分离,硫酸铅经乙酸–乙酸铵缓冲溶液溶解,以二甲酚橙为指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液进行滴定,利用消耗EDTA标准溶液的体积来计算样品中铅的含量。样品中铅的检出限为2%。采用该方法对3个铅矿石及4个铅精矿实际样品进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.32%～0.71%,0.18%～0.30%(n=8),加标回收率分别为97%～101%,97%～103%;对国家标准物质进行测定,测定值与标准值基本一致,相对误差不大于0.052%。该方法操作简单、快速,准确度高,精密度好,可满足铅矿石和铅精矿样品快速检测的需求。     

ICP–OES法测定钢渣中的全铁

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP–OES)测定钢渣中全铁的方法。试样用硝酸–氢氟酸消化后,经碳酸钠–硼酸混合熔剂熔解,采用ICP–OES法测定其中的全铁含量。以钢渣标准样品绘制标准曲线,Fe2O3的质量分数在0~34.33%范围内与发射强度呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r=0.999 8。标准样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.004 4%~0.036%(n=5),相对误差为0.80%~2.5%。用ICP–OES法与EDTA滴定法对钢渣样品进行测定,两种方法测定结果相一致。该方法简便、快速,可用于钢渣中全铁的定量分析。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中有效态镉

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP–MS)仪测量土壤样品中有效态镉的方法。为了提高ICP–MS法测量的稳定性和准确度,优化样品粒度、称样量、振荡时间等条件,以二乙三胺五乙酸–三乙醇胺–氯化钙混合溶液(DTPA)为提取剂(固液比为1∶12.5),元素铑为内标,ICP–MS仪测定有效态镉的含量。有效态镉的线性范围为0～0.200 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.999 8,检出限为0.000 9mg/kg。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.56%～3.16%(n=6)。用该法测定国家标准物质土壤中的有效态镉,测定值与标准值基本一致,相对误差为–2.92%～3.13%。该方法减少了样品的浪费,提高了工作效率,增加了测量稳定性,测定结果准确可靠,在检测大批量土壤有效态镉时更具有优越性。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定土壤中的铜、锌、镍、铬

建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定土壤中铜、锌、镍、铬的含量。在土壤样品中分步加入盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸,电热板加热消解,将土壤标准物质GSS–17,GSS–22,GSS–8,GSS–27与样品按相同的方法处理绘制工作曲线。铜、锌、镍、铬的分析波长分别为327.39,206.20,231.60,267.72 nm。在一定的质量浓度范围内工作曲线表现出良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,4种元素的方法检出限分别为0.4,0.5,0.3,0.6 mg/kg。采用土壤标准物质GSS–26,GSS–20,GSS–16对方法准确度进行验证,测定值与标准值基本一致,样品加标回收率为82.3%～107.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.58%～4.68%(n=8)。该方法检出限、准确度和精密度均满足检测要求,可用于快速准确检测批量土壤样品中的重金属含量。     

大体积进样–Ag柱除氯–离子色谱法测定水中溴酸盐

建立以大体积进样(250μL)–离子色谱测定水中溴酸盐(BrO_3~–)的方法。采用Ag柱离线去除样品中大量Cl~–以消除Cl~–干扰,同时保证痕量溴酸盐未沉淀,过滤后直接进样测定。BrO_3~–的质量浓度在2.0~25.0μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 2,方法检出限为0.8μg/L。自来水和矿泉水样品3浓度水平加标回收率为85.0%~101.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.6%~12.9%(n=6)。该方法样品处理简单,检出限低,准确度和精密度高,满足分析测试的要求。     

火焰原子吸收法测定锌冶炼渣中的痕量铟

建立空气–乙炔火焰原子吸收测定锌冶炼渣中铟的方法。采用硝酸–盐酸–氢溴酸–氢氟酸–高氯酸溶解样品,以少量氢氟酸除硅,以氢溴酸、高氯酸去除干扰元素锑、铋、砷、锡等,在10%硝酸介质中直接测定铟。铟的质量浓度在0.01～10μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 4,方法检出限为0.001μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.037%～0.067%(n=6),加标回收率为96%～106%。该方法测定结果与电感耦和等离子体发射光谱法测定结果基本一致。该方法样品处理简单,测定结果准确可靠,适用于锌冶炼过程中酸洗渣、镍钴渣、富铟渣、氧化锌浸出铅渣、尾矿渣、中和渣中铟的测定。     

智能石墨消解–ICP–MS法测定空气PM2.5中的Pb和Cd

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP–MS)测定空气PM2.5中的Pb和Cd元素的分析方法。采用连续β射线–DHS PM2.5大气颗粒物浓度监测仪采集空气中的PM2.5,以智能石墨消解PM2.5滤膜样品,ICP–MS测定其中的Pb和Cd元素含量。在优化的仪器条件下,元素Pb和Cd标准曲线的线性相关系数均为0.999 9,检出限分别为0.018,0.52ng/m3,满足HJ 657–2013的要求。Pb和Cd的加标回收率分别为95.8%~101.4%,99.3%~104.9%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为4.20%和2.38%(n=6)。对滤膜标准样品进行了测定,测定结果与标准值一致。该方法测定结果准确、可靠,可用于测定空气PM2.5中的Pb和Cd。     

石墨消解–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中铜、锌、镍、铬

建立石墨消解–火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中铜、锌、镍、铬4种重金属的含量。采用盐酸–硝酸–氢氟酸–高氯酸作为消解体系对样品进行消解,铜、锌、镍以1%硝酸定容,铬以3%盐酸定容,采用火焰原子吸收光谱仪进行测定。铜、锌、镍、铬的质量浓度在0.00~1.00 mg/L范围内与吸光度均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 4~0.999 5,方法检出限为0.7~1.5μg/g。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.8%~3.4%(n=6),样品加标回收率为92.0%~105%。土壤和沉积物标准样品的测定值均在标准值可接受范围内。该方法操作简单、快速,结果准确、可靠,适用于土壤和沉积物样品中铜、锌、镍、铬等金属元素的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).