表面活性剂和染料探针共振光散射法测定蛋白质

在pH为2.1的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液中,蛋白质与十二烷基磺酸钠和吖啶红作用形成聚集体,导致体系产生较大的共振散射光(RLS)强度,并且RLS的增强程度与蛋白质的浓度呈线性关系,据此建立了测定蛋白质含量的方法.人血清白蛋白(HSA)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)分别在0.03～3.0μg/mL和0.2～7.0μg/mL的浓度范围内与增强的共振光散射强度有良好的线性关系,相应的检测限分别为0.0119μg/mL和0.026μg/mL.对体系的反应机理进行了讨论.将方法用于人血清中蛋白质含量的测定,并将分析结果与考马斯亮蓝法进行了对照.t-检验证明,两种方法无显著性差异.     

樱桃红共振光散射光谱法测定牛血清白蛋白

研究了以樱桃红为共振光散射探针测定牛血清白蛋白的分析方法。在pH 3.58的BR缓冲溶液中,樱桃红与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)相互作用形成复合物,导致共振光散射(RLS)光谱明显增强,最大RLS峰位于340 nm处。由此建立检测痕量BSA的新方法。在优化实验条件下,RLS强度与BSA浓度的线性范围为1.0～60.0μg/mL,检出限为0.15μg/mL。方法可用于牛尿样品的分析。     

光谱法研究二甲酚橙-Cu(Ⅱ)配合物与蛋白质的相互作用

研究了二甲酚橙(XO)-Cu(Ⅱ)配合物与牛血清蛋白(BsA)相互作用的共振散射光谱(RLS)和电子吸收光谱,建立了一种利用金属配合物为探针测定痕量蛋白质的分析方法.在pH 2.50的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液中,XO-Cu(Ⅱ)与BSA作用后在λ=557 nm处出现一增强的共振散射峰,且增强的RLS强度与蛋白质的浓度呈线性关系.在选定的优化条件下,线性范围为0.18～15μg/mL.线性方程为I(Rts)=46.5+64.8ρ(μg/mL),r=0.998,方法检出限为0.15μg/mL.该方法用于牛尿及牛血样品分析测定.对二甲酚橙-Cu(Ⅱ)配合物与蛋白质的相互作用的研究表明,二甲酚橙-Cu(Ⅱ)配合物与蛋白质之间主要存在的相互作用是静电引力.     

苏丹红Ⅰ-甲醇体系的共振光散射光谱研究及其应用

研究了苏丹红Ⅰ-甲醇体系的共振光散射(RLS)光谱和作用机制,建立了测定苏丹红Ⅰ的RLS新方法。温度20℃时,苏丹红Ⅰ-甲醇体系的RLS强度降低值(△I)与苏丹红Ⅰ的浓度在0.5~16.0μg/mL具有良好的线性关系,方法检出限0.16μg/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.8%~2.4%(n=11),加标回收率为92.7%~103.8%。     

金纳米微粒共振光散射光谱探针测定维生素B_4-水溶性腺嘌呤的研究

建立了一种以金纳米微粒为探针共振光散射(RLS)法测定维生素B4的新方法.在弱酸性介质中(pH 4.2),金纳米微粒在635 nm有一最大共振散射峰.加入微量维生素B4后,金纳米微粒与维生素B4通过静电引力结合.形成了粒径较大的聚集体,导致RLS强度显著增强.研究了体系的共振光散射光谱特征和反应适宜条件,探讨了共振光散射增强的机理.结果表明,维生素B4质量浓度在0.1～5.0μg/mL 时与散射强度(△I)呈线性关系,检出限(3σ)为12.0 ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%.该方法已用于片剂中维生素B4的测定.     

四羧基铝酞菁与硫酸庆大霉素相互作用的共振散射光谱及其分析应用

在弱酸性介质中, 四羧基铝酞菁和硫酸庆大霉素本身的共振散射(RLS)均较弱, 但两者相互作用形成离子缔合物时, RLS显著增强, 在350～500 nm之间有一个强散射带, 最大散射峰位于401 nm. 而且散射强度与硫酸庆大霉素的浓度成正比, 可用于硫酸庆大霉素的定量测定, 线性范围为0.025～1.5 μg/mL, 检出限0.018 μg/mL. 方法可用于市售硫酸庆大霉素注射液含量的测定.     

甲基紫与苋菜红相互作用的双波长共振光散射比率光谱研究及其分析应用

应用双波长共振光散射比率法(DW-RLS)研究了甲基紫与苋菜红之间的相互作用.在pH 1.24的乙酸钠-HCl缓冲溶液中,甲基紫和苋菜红本身的共振光散射(RLS)信号均很弱,但是当它们相互作用形成缔合物时,导致RLS信号明显增强并出现新的RLS光谱,适当浓度的Triton X-100存在使结合反应敏化,缔合物最大散射峰位于528 nm,RLS信号强度与苋菜红的浓度呈线性关系.通过测量528 nm处的RLS强度或两个波长处RLS强度比值(I417/I343),可对苋菜红进行定量检测.当溶液中甲基紫的浓度为1.54×10-5 mol/L时,RLS法测定苋菜红的线性范围和检出限分别为0.05～0.50 μg/mL和0.02 μg/mL,而DW-RLS法的线性范围和检出限分别为0.01～0.60 μg/mL和1 ng/mL,与RLS法相比较,DW-RLS法受酸度、离子强度等环境条件影响较小,并且有更宽的线性范围和更低的检出限.     

甲苯咪唑共振散射法用于蛋白质的痕量检测

建立了血液中痕量蛋白的共振散射(RLS)光谱分析方法。盐酸-甲苯咪唑(MEB)-牛血清白蛋白(BSA)体系的最大共振散射(RLS),二级散射(SOS),倍频散射(FDS)波长分别位于296、500和340nm。3种散射增强(ΔI)在一定范围内与蛋白质浓度成正比,方法线性范围分别是RLS为0.4～2.0 mg/L、SOS为0.4～2.4 mg/L;FDS为0.4～2.0 mg/L;检出限分别为1.059(RLS)、1.324(SOS)、4.743μg/L(FDS)。方法可用于血清中蛋白质的测定,回收率在97.9%～104.6%之间。     

蛋白质-SDS-罗丹明B体系的共振光散射光谱及其分析应用

研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),阳离子染料罗丹明B,与蛋白质相互作用的共振光散射(RLS)光谱及用于蛋白质的测定.实验表明,在pH 4.35的酸性介质中,SDS的共振光散射强度较小,它与蛋白质结合后,共振光散射强度能得到增强,但加入阳离子染料罗丹明B后,共振光散射强度显著增强.在λ=332.0 nm处,ΔIRLS最大,并且增强的共振光散射信号与蛋白质的浓度成正比.据此建立了一种测定蛋白质的新方法,该方法灵敏度高,对HSA的检出限达到1.9 ng/mL,线性范围为0.01～5.0 μg/mL.用于人血清样品中蛋白质的测定,回收率为94.0%～105.5%.     

基于与铁氰化钾和Zn~(2+)作用共振光散射法测定异烟肼

在酸性介质中,异烟肼能将铁氰酸根离子还原成亚铁氰酸根离子,后者与硫酸锌反应生成K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2粒子引起体系的共振光散射信号显著增强.在345nm处增强的散射信号强度ΔIRLS与异烟肼的浓度在0.01~1.0μg/mL范围内呈线性关系,据此建立了一种检测异烟肼含量的共振光散射(RLS)分析方法.线性回归方程为ΔIRLS=136.1+4239c(c,μg/mL),相关系数(r)为0.9984,检测限(3σ)为3.8ng/mL.该方法已成功用于异烟肼片剂及血清样品的测定.此外,文中还结合吸收光谱,动态光散射,扫描电子显微镜等表征手段对反应机理和RLS信号强度增强的原因进行了探讨.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.