微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定酵母粉中的微量铅和镉

本文采用微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定酵母粉中微量铅和镉的含量。利用硝酸和过氧化氢消解样品,对微波消解的条件,基体改进剂的选择,铅原子化温度的效果以及常见元素对测定的干扰进行了研究。在优化的实验条件下,方法对铅和镉的检出限(3σ)分别为0.062 ng/mL和0.013 ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.64%~1.11%、0.75%~4.70%,加标回收率在95.00%~102.0%之间。本法已用于酵母粉中微量铅和镉的测定,分析结果与电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)法具有良好的一致性。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP－OES)法测定聚碳酸酯中重金属铅、镉、汞、铬

采用微波消解法对聚碳酸酯(PC)样品进行前处理,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICPOES)法测定聚碳酸酯中重金属铅、镉、汞、铬元素,通过对消解方式和消解试剂的研究,建立了ICP-OES法测定聚碳酸酯中重金属铅、镉、汞、铬元素的方法。结果表明,铅、镉、汞、铬加标回收率均在94.0%～105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于4%,样品处理时间短,测定速度快,污染小,环保,有较高的加标回收率和精密度,适用于聚碳酸酯中重金属铅、镉、汞、铬的测定。     

微波消解石墨炉原子吸收法测定人发中的铅、镉

采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法(GFAAS)测定人发中的铅、镉含量.采用微波消解法消解样品,加入(NH4)2SO4+KH2PO4基体改进剂消除干扰,对消化剂种类、消解压力、仪器条件等进行了探索.方法简便、准确度高,Pb和Cd的平均回收率分别为101.8%和107.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.14%和6.80%,方法检出限Pb为9.53 ng/mL,Cd为0.78 ng/mL.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海洋藻类食品中铅、镉含量

利用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定海洋藻类食品中铅、镉的含量。样品经过微波消解,在线加入内标校正基体效应,通过修正方程校正质量数干扰。各元素校正曲线的相关系数均大于0.9998,样品分析结果的相对标准偏差均小于3%(n=6),加标回收率在80.5%~101.5%之间。方法可用于海洋藻类食品中铅、镉含量的测定和监控。     

微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定膨化食品中铅和铝

膨化食品样品经微波消解处理,用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)测定其中铅和铝的含量。详细考察了分析谱线、微波功率、载气流量、工作气流量等实验参数对元素测定的影响,在最佳条件下测得铅和铝的检出限分别为4.7ng/mL和20.8ng/mL,其线性范围分别为0.01~20μg/mL和0.5~300μg/mL,样品加标回收率为96.4%~104.1%,精密度为1.06%~4.65%。结果表明,MPT-AES测定膨化食品中铅和铝的含量方法简便、高效、消耗试剂少、污染少、准确度高。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子质谱法测定龟甲胶中6种有害元素

龟甲胶样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)测定龟甲胶中砷、铅、铬、镉、铜、汞6种有害元素,其中砷用碰撞室技术(CCT)测定,6种元素的检测限范围为0.009~0.036ng/mL,样品加标回收率为85.1%~113.6%,相对标准偏差小于10%。该法简便、快速,可用于龟甲胶中上述6种有害元素的检测。     

密闭高压消解–ICP–AES测定进口铜精矿中铅、镉、汞、砷

采用密闭高压消解法对样品进行消解,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP–AES)测定进口铜精矿中的铅、镉、砷、汞有害元素。铅、镉、砷、汞的工作曲线分别在0~10,0~1,0~4,0~0.6μg/mL范围内线性良好,线性相关系数大于0.999。各元素加标回收率均为91.0%~104.7%,相对标准偏差均小于3%(n=7)。将密闭高压消解法与电热板加热法和微波消解法进行了比对分析,结果显示,密闭高压消解–ICP–AES法适合用于铜精矿样品的消解与测定。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定砂仁中的铜、铅、砷、镉

建立了微波消解样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP–MS)测定黔西南高砷土壤种植的砂仁中痕量铜、铅、砷、镉的分析方法。对微波消解条件进行了优化。为了避免消解试剂对质谱测定的干扰,选择硝酸–双氧水混合溶液(体积比为3∶1)作为微波消解试剂,采用ICP–MS测定消解液中铜、铅、砷、镉的含量。利用校正方程对砷、镉的质谱干扰进行校正。铜、铅、砷、镉4种元素的线性相关系数均大于0.999 2,检出限分别为0.073,0.048,0.39,0.062μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于4.5%(n=5)。各元素的加标回收率在96.0%～105.0%之间。该方法样品处理快速、简单,溶解率高,测定结果准确、可靠,适用于成批量砂仁样品中铜、铅、砷、镉微量元素的测定。     

微波消解火焰原子吸收光谱法测定皮革中的铅和镉

以硝酸作为消解剂，用微波消解皮革样品，采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定皮革中铅、镉的含量。试验优化了微波消解条件，并对共存离子的影响进行了讨论。铅、镉测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为3．6％、6．8％，加标回收率分别为92．1％～98．1％、100．0％～110．6％。     

阴离子交换树脂分离-原子荧光法测定色母粒中的镉

采用微波消解溶样,结合离子交换法对色母粒样品进行待测元素的提取及净化处理,利用原子荧光光度计进行镉含量的测定。研究了717型阴离子交换树脂对色母粒样品中镉的吸附及分离条件,解决了样品中铅、铜等元素的干扰问题。方法加标回收率在92.4%～117.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于3.0%。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.