碳纳米管纳米分子印迹聚合物传感器的制备及对血液中葡萄糖的测定

以葡萄糖为模板分子,通过电聚合邻苯二胺,在多壁碳纳米管修饰的GC电极表面制备了一种对葡萄糖具有选择性响应的分子印迹聚合薄膜传感器,优化了制备方法。通过循环伏安法(CV)和交流阻抗法对该分子印迹传感器对葡萄糖的响应性能进行了表征。在最优实验条件下,该印迹电极能在6.0~560.0μmol/L浓度范围内对葡萄糖进行检测,检出限为8.0×10~(-7) mol/L,并可在其他物质存在下选择性识别葡萄糖。此传感器可用于血液中葡萄糖的测定,加标回收率为98.5%~103.3%。     

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯印迹吸附材料的水相合成及固相萃取应用

在硅胶表面以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酰胺(MAM)为功能单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂在甲醇/水体系中制备了DMP印迹聚合物。采用紫外光谱法(UV)研究单体与模板间的相互作用,红外光谱分析印迹聚合物的结构特征。用平衡吸附实验方法研究聚合物对DMP的结合性能,Scatchard法分析聚合物的吸附解离常数(Kd)和最大表观吸附容量(Qmax)。对不同底物的选择性实验表明聚合物对模板分子具有良好的亲和性和选择性。将MIP用作固相萃取(SPE)柱填料,对环境水样中的DMP进行富集试验,回收率为90.28-95.25%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.52-7.61%。     

亲水性邻苯二甲酸二丁酯分子印迹聚合物的研制及应用

采用溶胶-凝胶技术,制备了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)亲水性分子印迹聚合物(HYM IP)。静态吸附和选择性吸附实验表明,聚合物对DBP具有较高的吸附量与良好的特异吸附性。将其作为固相萃取填料,对水相样品中DBP的净化和富集效果优于C18柱。建立了亲水性分子印迹固相萃取结合高效液相色谱法检测化妆水中DBP的方法,检出限为4.46μg/kg,加标回收率在97.8%~98.7%之间,RSD小于2.4%。     

表面铅(Ⅱ)印迹聚合物的制备及其分离富集性能研究

以铅(Ⅱ)为印迹离子,以3-氨基丙基-三乙氧基硅烷为功能单体,用表面印迹技术在纳米TiO2/SiO2表面聚合形成铅(Ⅱ)印迹聚合物。试验结果表明:在静态吸附条件下,铅(Ⅱ)印迹聚合物对铅(Ⅱ)的吸附量为非印迹聚合物吸附量的3倍。控制富集的含铅(Ⅱ)样品溶液pH为4,体积最大为200mL,通过柱的流量为1.0mL·min-1。用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了洗脱液中的铅量。方法的检出限(3s)为0.09μg·L-1。以湖水样品为基体,用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在95.6%~98.1%之间。应用所提出方法分析了2种国家一级标准物质,测得铅含量与认定值一致。     

克百威分子印迹聚合物的合成及其性能评价

以克百威为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,采用沉淀聚合的方法制备了克百威分子印迹聚合物。通过红外光谱分析得到模板和功能单体的最佳配比为n(carbofuran)∶n(MAA)=1∶6。印迹聚合物的红外光谱测定结果表明,聚合物中存在与模板分子相互作用的特征基团;从印迹聚合物的扫描电镜图观察到分子印迹聚合物(MIP)与空白聚合物(NIP)的表面形态不同,可推论MIP存在与模板分子相互识别的结合位点。通过静态平衡结合法研究了模板分子聚合物的吸附能力、结合动力学和选择特性。结果表明,与非印迹聚合物相比,印迹聚合物对克百威具有较强的吸附特性和很好的专一选择性,3h后基本达到最大吸附量。采用固相萃取柱预处理样品,用高效液相色谱法测定自来水中10、50、100mg/L克百威的加标回收率为94%～117%,相对标准偏差(n=3)为2.5%～4.7%。     

表面印迹聚合物萃取/气相色谱质谱联用检测双酚A

以双酚A(BPA)为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸为单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯作为交联剂,在硅胶表面合成双酚A分子印迹聚合物。通过红外光谱、比表面积测定等对表面印迹聚合物进行分析和表征;采用静态吸附法和动态吸附法对其吸附性能进行考察。红外光谱表明硅胶表面生成了对模板分子具有识别功能的官能团;热重分析证明该印迹聚合物具有良好的热稳定性;静态吸附实验说明表面印迹聚合物比非印迹聚合物具有良好的吸附性能,该印迹聚合物对双酚A最大吸附容量Q max为1.501 mg/g,吸附速率常数k为0.01586g/(mg·min)。用表面印迹聚合物萃取(MISPE)和气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)联用检测了BPA样品,BPA的回收率接近90%,并将该双酚A表面印迹聚合物用于牛奶样品中的BPA测试,结果表明该印迹聚合物具有较好的吸附选择性。     

分子印迹固相萃取-液相色谱联用法测定3种新烟碱类农药的残留

以噻虫啉为模板分子制备了对吡虫啉、氯噻啉、噻虫啉具有特异性识别的分子印迹聚合物。功能单体与模板分子最佳摩尔比为:n(噻虫啉)∶n(甲基丙烯酸)∶n(苯乙烯)=1∶4∶4。动态吸附和选择性吸附表明,此印迹聚合物能够对目标物快速吸附,且有很好的选择性。Scatchard分析表明,此印迹聚合物对吡虫啉、氯噻啉、噻虫啉最大吸附量分别为31.7,36.7和45.3 mg/g。用此印迹聚合物作为固相萃取吸附剂处理加标样品,目标物的回收率为80.2%~98.8%,RSD为1.2%~4.5%(n=3)。本方法用于实际样品检测,获得了满意的结果。     

基于磁性印迹的紫外法测定血液中同型半胱氨酸

建立一种基于磁性印迹材料提取,紫外法检测血液中同型半胱氨酸含量的新方法。用非共价法制备纳米磁珠,并用二氧化硅包覆纳米磁珠。以同型半胱氨酸为模板分子,SiO_2包覆改性的纳米Fe_3O_4为磁性组分,MAA为功能单体,EGDMA为交联剂,AIBN为引发剂,甲苯为稀释剂,蒸馏水为溶剂,制备纳米磁珠分子印迹模板。基于洗脱后所得的纳米磁珠分子印迹材料,用紫外法测定血液中同型半胱氨酸的含量。磁性印迹材料对同型半胱氨酸的最佳吸附时间为60 min。同型半胱氨酸浓度与吸光度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9999。所制备的磁性印迹材料对血液中同型半胱氨酸的平均回收率为91.1%,RSD为1.4%。所建立的方法能够较快的测定血液中同型半胱氨酸的含量。     

槲皮素表面分子印迹聚合物的制备及其应用研究

以接枝双键的凹凸棒土(TM)为载体,槲皮素为模板分子,采用表面印迹技术制备对槲皮素具有特异吸附性能的分子印迹聚合物(MIP)。利用光谱法选择实验条件及对化合物表征。采用静态法研究聚合物对槲皮素的结合性能与识别性能。结果表明,该分子印迹材料对槲皮素具有特异的识别特性和优良的亲和性,提高了传统聚合物的结合率。以该印迹聚合物为固相萃取材料,结合高效液相色谱法,对白菜中的槲皮素进行分离富集,方法回收率为84.0%~90.6%,相对标准偏差低于5.6%。     

沉淀聚合法制备汞离子印迹聚合物及其性能研究

以Hg2+为模板,马来酰亚胺为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,用沉淀聚合法制备Hg2+印迹聚合物。使用紫外光谱法分析模板与功能单体的结合情况,扫描电镜和傅里叶红外光谱表征其表面形态和化学结构,并确定了最佳吸附条件:吸附时间90 min,吸附温度60℃,吸附p H为7,最大吸附容量为61.23 mg/g。选择性实验中,印迹聚合物对Cu2+,Pb2+和Co2+的选择性系数分别为6.45,4.63,5.21。循环吸附实验中,第6次实验测得的吸附容量为第1次的86.3%。运用于实际样品中,自来水和河水中Hg2+的加标回收率均在89.8%~100.7%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.