2,3-二氰基-2,3-二(p-X苯基)丁二酸二乙酯的分子构型和取代基电子效应对13C NMR谱的影响

测定了meso-和dl-2,3-二氰基-2,3-二(p-X苯基)丁二酸二乙酯(X=OCH₃,CH₃,H,Cl,NO₂)的¹³CNMR谱。结果表明,中心碳-碳键两端相连基团的各碳原子的化学位移值相同,与dl-异构体相比,所有相应meso-异构体的乙氧羰基¹³CNMR吸收峰均处于高场。苯环对位取代基的Hammett基团常数σ与氰基碳原子和乙氧羰基中的羰基碳及次甲基碳的化学位移间线性相关,而且meso-异构体比dl-异构体有更好的线性关系。     

2,6-二(2-羟基苯乙烯基)-4-甲基均三嗪的合成与性质研究

设计合成了以三嗪基团为骨架的化合物2,6-二(2-羟基苯乙烯基)-4-甲基均三嗪(M1),利用核磁共振H谱和C谱对其结构进行了表征;并对目标化合物在甲醇和乙醚中的紫外,荧光光谱进行了研究.利用量子化学密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,在6-311+G*水平上,对标题化合物分子构型进行了理论计算.通过实验发现随着溶剂极性增加,紫外吸收峰和荧光光谱的发射峰都发生红移,同时得到的计算光谱数值与实验值吻合较好.     

1,8-萘酰亚胺类衍生物的结构及紫外-可见吸收光谱

用密度泛函方法(DFT)优化了一系列1,8-萘酰亚胺衍生物, 用含时密度泛函(TDDFT)和导体极化连续模型(CPCM)计算了它们在气相、环己烷和二氯甲烷溶剂条件下的紫外可见吸收光谱. 计算结果表明, 优化的几何结构和X射线晶体结构数据吻合较好. 萘环4和5位胺基上取代基团(氢基、甲基、苯基和萘基)的变化使得它与萘酰亚胺部分的连接键长(N—C)变长、电荷转移增强、带隙降低. 溶剂化显色效应和前线轨道电子云一致表明此类物质的最大吸收峰对应π-π*跃迁. 异构体A中的分子内电荷转移增大和带隙的降低是它的紫外吸收光谱最大吸收峰比异构体B的发生红移的主要原因.     

5-羟基嘧啶——Ⅳ.5-烷氧基-5-烷基-2-硫代巴比酸和有关化合物的合成

自烷氧基乙酸乙酯的乙氧草酰化,继以热裂去羰化反应,合成了一系列烷氧基丙二酸二乙酯(Ⅵ,R=n-C₃H₇,n-C₄H₉,iso-C₄H₉,iso-C₅H₁₁和C₆H₅CH₂);进一步烷基化,得到烷氧基烷基丙二酸二乙酯(Ⅶ,R'=CH₃,C₂H₅,n-C₃H₇和n-C₄H-9)。烷氧基烷基丙二酸二乙酯(Ⅶ)与脲、硫脲和与胍的缩合的容易程度相差颇巨。除苯甲氧基乙基丙二酸二乙酯曾与脲缩合生成相应的5,5-二取代巴比酸(I,Y=O)外,其他的各烷氧基烷基丙二酸二乙酯(Ⅶ)均未能与脲顺利地发生缩合。各烷氧基烷基丙二酸二乙酯(Ⅶ)与硫脲的缩合效果较佳,但其中仍有若干未能得到所期望的2-硫代巴比酸(I,Y=S)。两个系列的烷氧基烷基丙二酸二乙酯(Ⅶ,R=n-C₃H₇和C₆H₅CH₂;R'=CH₃,C₂H₅,n-C₃H₇,和n-C₄H₉)与胍的缩合非常顺利,生成相应的5,5-二取代-2-亚氨基巴此酸(I,Y=NH)。5-苯甲氧基-5-烷基-2-亚氨基巴比酸还进行了氢解,得到相应的5-羟基-5-烷基-2-亚氰基巴比酸(I,R=H,R'=烷基,Y=NH)。     

用密度泛函理论研究一种新型有机硅化合物异构体的振动光谱

在B3LYP/6-31＋G(d)的水平上, 对两种含有手性Si原子的新型有机硅单体Si₂(CH₃)₂H₂N₂(C₂H₅)₄和Si₄(CH₃)₄H₄N₂(C₆H₅)₂的几种异构体进行了研究, 在全参量几何构型优化的基础上, 进行了简谐振动频率计算, 同时对所研究的体系进行了热力学性质和低能激发态的含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)计算. 理论计算表明, 构象异构体之间的红外光谱差异不大, 热力学和低能激发态性质也相似; 顺/反结构相似的异构体之间红外光谱差异不大, 但热力学和低能激发态性质却呈现差异; 旋光异构体或顺/反结构相差较大的异构体之间, 红外光谱和热力学及低能激发态性质有明显的差异. 从理论上解释了实验红外光谱中Si—H振动峰的裂分是由异构体的存在所致, 并找到裂分峰所对应的异构结构. Si—H键振动频率与其键长相关.     

2,3-二氰基-2,3-二(p-取代苯基)丁二酸二乙酯的合成及其在苯乙烯中的分解

合成了2,3-二氰基-2,3-二(p-X苯基)丁二酸二乙酯(X=OCH₃,CH₃,Cl,NO₂),分离出它们的meso和dl异构体。经元素分析、¹HNMR、IR、MS和X射线晶体结构分析确定了各异构体的结构和构型。在100℃测定了各异构体在苯乙烯中的分解速率常数k_d,结果表明,除X=OCH₃外,meso异构体的k_d均比dl异构体的大,除X=NO₂外,苯环对位取代基对k_d的影响顺序为OCH₃>CH₃>Cl>H,     

钨酸铋量子点和纳米片修饰石墨相氮化碳复合催化剂的制备及其可见光催化活性增强

利用超声-水热法、使用油酸钠辅助合成钨酸铋(Bi₂WO₆)量子点/纳米片修饰的石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)(Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄)复合光催化剂。 通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、N₂吸附-脱附等技术手段获得Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄催化剂的组成、结构和光吸收性能,分析合成机理。 以罗丹明B(RhB)水溶液为模拟污染物,考察Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄复合催化剂的可见光催化活性。 结果表明:g-C₃N₄和Bi₂WO₆的质量比为3:7的Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄-30具有最有效的异质界面,电化学阻抗和光电流测试结果显示该催化剂的光生载流子传输速率快、复合率低,可见光照射120 min对RhB的降解率达到95.8%;通过活性物质捕捉实验获知光生空穴是光催化反应中的主要活性物质,分析异质界面对光催化活性的影响,进而提出光催化反应机理。     

1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-六苯基硅杂环戊二烯X射线谱的理论研究

近年来苯基硅杂环戊二烯作为一类高效的有机发光二极管材料被广泛研究。本工作利用密度泛函理论结合芯态空穴近似研究了1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-六苯基硅杂环戊二烯分子中碳原子K壳层和硅原子L壳层的X射线光电子能谱和近边X射线吸收精细结构谱,与实验谱线符合较好。通过理论结果对实验测量的1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-六苯基硅杂环戊二烯分子的X射线谱进行了分析和标定。我们发现碳原子K壳层X射线光电子能谱在低能区283.8eV处的谱峰是由于与硅原子成键的两个电负性较强的碳原子导致的。碳原子K壳层近边X射线吸收精细结构谱中最强的吸收峰与苯分子的吸收峰类似。硅原子L壳层近边X射线吸收精细结构谱两个主要吸收峰分别来自于σ_Si-C^*和π_Si-Ph^*跃迁。     

氨基酸修饰的手性多酸的电子结构和光学活性的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法研究了L-O₂CCHCH₃NH₃(L-Alanine)修饰的手性多酸[Se^ⅣMo₆O₂₁(L-alanine)₃]^2-, [Sb^ⅢMo₆O₂₁(L-alanine)₃]^3-及[Bi^ⅢMo₆O₂₁(L-alanine)₃]^3-的几何结构、电子结构以及紫外-可见(UV-Vis)谱和电子圆二色(ECD)谱.通过对电荷转移跃迁性质的分析, 探讨了多酸中杂原子对手性光学性质的影响.结果表明, 杂原子(Se, Sb, Bi)对多酸的几何结构影响较大, 且对该类体系的UV-Vis谱的吸收峰的强度和峰形都有显著的影响.其ECD谱的转动吸收方向和强度以及吸收峰位和峰形也因杂原子的不同而发生明显变化.低能区UV-Vis谱和ECD谱的产生主要源自多酸中氧原子的p轨道到Mo原子d轨道的电荷转移跃迁, 而对于高能区的UV-Vis谱和ECD谱的产生, 则主要为多酸中杂原子以及与杂原子直接相连的氧原子p轨道到Mo原子d轨道的电荷转移跃迁.     

有机锡9-芴酮-4-甲酸酯的合成、结构及抗癌活性

合成了3个有机锡9-芴酮-4-甲酸酯:三苯基锡9-芴酮-4-甲酸酯[(C₆H₅)₃Sn(C₁₄H₇O₃)](1)、三环己基锡9-芴酮-4-甲酸酯[(C₆H₁₁)₃Sn(C₁₄H₇O₃)](2)和三(2-甲基-2-苯基丙基)锡9-芴酮-4-甲酸酯[(C₆H₅C(CH₃)₂CH₂)₃Sn(C₁₄H₇O₃)](3)。通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱(¹H、¹³C和¹¹⁹Sn)、热重分析进行了表征;用单晶X射线衍射方法测定了化合物的晶体结构,并对其进行了量子化学计算和体外抗...     

Cis- and trans-3-hexene: infrared spectrum in liquid argon solution, ab initio calculations of equilibrium geometry, normal coordinate analysis, and vibrational assignments

The infrared spectra of cis-3-hexene and trans-3-hexene dissolved in liquid argon have been obtained at temperatures from 93 to 120 K. The absorptions were observed with a low-temperature cell and a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations were performed to obtain the equilibrium geometry, vibrational frequencies, force fields, and infrared intensities. The calculations were done at the Hartree-Fock level using 6-31G basis set. The Cartesian force fields from ab initio calculations have been converted to the force field in symmetry coordinates. The scale factors of ab initio calculated force fields were determined. Normal coordinate calculations were performed using a scaled quantum mechanical (SQM) force field. Vibrational normal modes calculated for the lowest energy rotamers of cis- and trans-3-hexene have been assigned to infrared absorption bands observed in liquid argon solution. The assignments were based on calculated frequencies and potential energy distributions. The equilibrium geometries of the two lowest energy rotamers (symmetry C₂ and C_s) of cis-3-hexene and of the three lowest energy rotamers (symmetry C_i, C₂, and C₁) of trans-3-hexene were calculated. Variable temperature studies of the infrared spectrum of cis- and trans-3-hexenes dissolved in liquid argon were done to obtain the ΔH of conversion between the rotamers C₂ and C_s of cis-3-hexene and between the rotamers C_i, C₂, and C₁ of trans-3-hexene.     

Infrared matrix isolation and quantum chemical studies of the nitrous acid complexes with water

The 1:1 and 2:1 complexes between water and trans- and cis-isomers of nitrous acid have been isolated in argon matrices and studied using FTIR spectroscopy and DFT(B3LYP) calculations with a 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis set. The analysis of the experimental spectra indicate that 1:1 complexes trapped in solid argon involve very strong hydrogen bond in which acid acts as the proton donor and water as the proton acceptor. The perturbed OH stretches are −248, −228 cm⁻¹ red shifted from their free-molecules values in complexes formed by trans- and cis-HONO isomers, respectively. The calculated spectral parameters for the two complexes are in good agreement with experimental data. The calculations also predict stability of two more 1:1 weakly bound complexes formed by each isomer. In these the water acts as the proton donor and one of the two oxygen atoms of the acid as the acceptor. The experimental spectra demonstrate also formation of 2:1 complex between water and trans-HONO isomer in an argon matrix. The performed calculations indicate that the complex involves a seven-membered ring in which OH group of HONO forms very strong hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom of one water molecule and nitrogen atom acts as a weak proton acceptor for the hydrogen atom of the second water molecule of the water dimer. The observed perturbations of the OH stretch of trans-HONO (750 cm⁻¹ red shift) is much larger than that predicted by calculations (556 cm⁻¹ red shift); this difference is attributed to strong solvation effect of argon matrix on very strong hydrogen bond.     

Conformational and NBO analysis on cis and trans isomers of methyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-β-carboline-3-carboxylate

The cis and trans-methyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9H-β-carboline-3-carboxylates were prepared and ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra were recorded for both isomers. Conformational and NBO analysis were carried out for the cis and trans isomers. Conformer structures were pre-optimized using the hybrid method B3LYP along with the 6-311+G(d) basis set. Frequency calculations were employed to confirm the structures as minimum points. Potential energy surfaces (PES) were built at the same level of theory. Geometries obtained from DFT calculations were used to perform NBO analysis by the NBO 3.1 module in GAUSSIAN 03. The results obtained through theoretical calculations revealed that the shielding observed at C1 for the trans isomer can be attributed to carbomethoxy γ-effect, together with the hyperconjugative effect, while only hyperconjugative effects were found to explain the shielding of C3. The higher chemical shift value of C3 of the cis isomer was attributed to the carbonyl substituent, which plays an important role by capturing part of the electronic density in C3.     

Studies in the pinacol rearrangement—V The rearrangements of cis- and trans-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ditolylethylene oxides

The intermediate formation of the two epoxides was observed in the perchloric acid-catalysed rearrangement of meso-2,2′-dimethylbenzpinacol (P_meso) to 2-methylbenzoyl tolyl diphenyl methane (K) Two kinds of epoxides were separated with preparative TLC and the configuration (cis and trans) of these epoxides was inferred in the light of UV, NMR and IR spectra, dipole moment and kinetic data. The rearrangement rates of these epoxides were measured in HClO₄-anhydrous acetic acid. Linear correlations of logarithm of the rate constants (log k) with the Hammett acidity function of the medium (H₀) were obtained, which supports the A-1 mechanism, together with the large positive values of the entropy of activation. It is shown that the perchloric acid-catalysed rearrangement of meso-2,2′-dimethylbenzpinacol (P_meso) occurs via such many kinetically distinguishable routes as the following where C and T are cis- and trans-epoxide respectively. The mechanisms of the rearrangements were discussed from the data of kinetics.     

Ab initio analysis of the conformational changes of the prolyl-proline model peptide

For- -Pro- -Pro-NH₂ is an ab initio model of the prolyl-proline sequence unit present in numerous peptides and proteins. Cis–trans isomerization of the peptide linkage is a crucial step in accessing the active conformation of several proline containing macromolecules.

The present study focuses on the flexibility of the five-membered pyrrolidine ring, which is considered to help other conformational changes as well as cis–trans isomerization. Ring flexibility is characterized by the pseudorotational amplitude, A, and the phase angle, P. Calculations are carried out at the RHF/6-31+G(d) level of theory. The choice of method and level of theory is further supported by single point DFT calculations.

In the course of NMR structure determination of peptides or proteins, proline residues present in the sequences need special attention. Because of the lack of an amide hydrogen, sequential assignment of proline is rather complicated. Furthermore, in solution state, peptide cis–trans isomers are almost always present. Ab initio study on the For- -Pro- -Pro-NH₂ model is a useful tool to discover the structural characteristics of the prolyl-proline sequence unit.     

Theoretical study on magnetic coupling interaction for Cu(II) binuclear systems with extended bridging groups

The magnetic coupling interaction for Cu(II) binuclear systems with bridging groups C₂O₄²⁻, C₂O₂(NH)₂²⁻ (cis), C₂O₂(NH)₂²⁻ (trans) and C₂S₂(NH)₂²⁻ (trans) was studied by the broken symmetry (BS) approach within the framework of the density functional theory (DFT). The influence of different coordination atoms and geometry on magnetic coupling interaction was theoretically analyzed. Both of the calculated and experimental results were compared. The variation trends of coupling interaction calculated are in agreement with experimental ones.     

Zur Komplexierung von enantiomerenreinen cis- und trans-3-Diphenylphosphino-4-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuranen mit [Rh(COD)2]BF4

The complexation behaviour of cis- und trans-3-diphenylphosphino-4-hydroxyl-tetrahydrofurans with [Rh(COD)₂]BF₄ is studied with the help of NMR and IR spectroscopy. In dependence of the spatial arrangement of hydroxyl and phosphino group the formation of different intra- and intermolecular bridged O-P complexes has been observed.

Zusammenfassung

Das Komplexierungsverhalten von cis- und trans-3-Diphenylphosphino-4-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuranen mit [Rh(COD)₂]BF₄ wird mit Hilfe von NMR- und IR-Spektroskopie studiert. In Abhängigkeit von der räumlichen Anordnung von Hydroxy- und Phosphinogruppe zueinander wird die Bildung von intra- bzw. intermolekular verbrückten O-P-Komplexen beobachtet.     

Configurational and conformational analysis Axial-axial and axial-equatorial coupling constants in six-membered ring compounds

Axial-axial and axial-equatorial coupling constants (J_aa and J_ae) have been obtained directly from the NMR spectra of simple AB systems in a number of cis- and trans-l-(substituted)-2-arylcyclohexanes-3,3,6,6-d₄ measured in several solvents. Variations in J_aa and J_ae have been observed with various substituents. No simple correlation is found between electronegativity of substituents and substituent effects on coupling constants. A review of J_aa and J_ae in six-membered ring compounds is given.     

Coordination geometry of chromium(VI) species. The first example of cis-bridging chromate ions in helically structured catena(μ-CrO4-O,O′)[Ni(HIm)3H2O]

Nickel(II) chromate complex with imidazole (HIm) was isolated from the [Ni²⁺–HIm–CrO₄²⁻] system in various experimental conditions, i.e. reagent molar ratios and nickel(II) salts. The catena(μ-CrO₄-O,O′)[Ni(HIm)₃H₂O] (1) crystallizes in monoclinic crystal system—space group P2₁/n with cell parameters: a=11.784(2), b=8.899(2), c=13.934(3) (Å), β=95.19(3) (°). The unit cell contains two independent helixes, left- and right-handed, stabilized by intrahelical and interhelical hydrogen bonds (HB) and π–π interactions. The cis coordination of the CrO₄²⁻ anions and the HB systems appeared to be the main determinants of the helical architecture. To the best of our knowledge the cis-chromate coordination was observed for the first time. The cis coordination causes the distortion of the nickel octahedron, which was analysed by 4 K single crystal electronic spectra with D_4h symmetry approximation (gaussian resolution and crystal field parameters). This symmetry was also confirmed with the polarised electronic spectra. The magnetic properties of the complex suggest the occurrence of weak intrachain antiferromagnetic interactions between the magnetic Ni^II center. The computational DFT studies of complex 1 assuming three possible isomers mer[(HIm)₃]–cis[(CrO₄²⁻)₂], mer–trans and fac–cis suggested that the main contribution to the stability of 1 might have interhelical and intrahelical hydrogen bonds.     

Synthesis and structure of neutral and cationic pentahaloarylpalladium(II) isonitrile complexes

Complexes of the types (a) trans- and cis-[Pd(C₆X₅)₂ (CNR)₂], (b) trans- [Pd(C₆X₅)Cl(CNR)₂] and (c) [Pd(C₆X₅)(CNR)₃]ClO₄ (X = F or Cl;R = Bu^t cyclohexyl or p-tolyl) have been made by replacement of the tetrahydrothiophen or Cl groups of appropriate precursors by isonitrile. Their structures have been assigned on the basis of their IR and ¹H NMR spectra.