铑配合物催化丁烯氢甲酰化性能的研究

制备了一系列铑配合物,并对其催化丁烯氢甲酰化的催化性能进行了研究.在1-丁烯的反应中,RhCl(PPh3)3和trans-RhCl(CO)(PPh3)2的反应速度很慢,而RhH(CO)(PPh3)3、Rh(CO)2(acac)和 Rh(CO)(acac)(PPh3)三者反应速度都很快.而不同丁烯原料氢甲酰化的反应速度也各不相同,反应速度依次为1-丁烯》2-丁烯》异丁烯.     

铑膦配合物的加压原位核磁氢谱研究

在近似工业反应条件下(H2/CO=1:1, 1.0MPa, 70℃), 应用加温加压原位核磁共振技术, 考察了铑膦配合物催化剂HRh(CO)(PPh3)3-PPh3体系的烯烃醛化反应。结果表明,在烯烃醛化反应条件下, 反应液中存在羰基氢化铑中间配合物, 并在^1H NMR获得了该配合物中Rh-H键的质子讯号。     

超细SiO2负载型水溶性铑膦配合物催化剂研究

用超细SiO2负载水溶性铑膦配合物,并研究其对1-已烯氢甲酰化的催化性能。结果表明,粒径为10-20nm的超细SiO2负载水溶性铑膦配合物所表现的催化活性比颗粒SiO2负载型催化剂高3倍多,且可在较宽的含水量范围内保持高反应活性。当膦铑摩尔比为50,超细SiO2负载型催化剂含水量为25%-55%（质量分数）、烯铑摩尔比为2500、反应温度373K和CO/H2（1/1,体积比）压力4.0MPa的反应条件下,其1-已烯氢甲酰化的反应转化数为450h^-1,产物醛的选择性为100%,醛的n/i比值达3.2。     

SiO2负载的磺化三苯膦铑配合物催化高碳烯氢甲酰化

本文将水溶性磺化三苯基膦铑配合物催化剂负载在SiO_2表面使其复相化,考察不同制备方法制得催化剂的性能及对反应活性和选择性的影响。这种负载化水溶性Wilkinson催化剂比表面积较大,可在适当过量配体存在下保持较高的催化活性;当液态高碳烯烃十一烯酸甲酯和1-己烯在固定床加压流动态反应器中连续进行氢甲酰化催化反应时,产物醛的选择性大于95%;正异醛比(n/i值)随P/Rh摩尔比的提高而提高P/Rh=15,产物中正构醛大于或接近80%(n/i为4)。P/Rh>15后,配体增多几乎不再提高产物n/i值,而影响反应速度。     

Rh-TPPTS/CTAB-MMT催化剂的制备及其催化长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应性能研究

通过浸渍法将水溶性铑膦配合物(Rh-TPPTS)负载到由十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)修饰的蒙脱土(MMT)上,制备出Rh-TPPTS/CTAB-MMT负载型催化剂.采用XRD,FTIR,TG,BET,31P CP-MAS NMR和分散性实验对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:水溶性铑膦配合物成功地负载到有机MMT上,并且该催化剂在有机溶剂中具有很好的分散性.该催化剂对于1-癸烯的氢甲酰化反应具有好的催化活性.在100℃、4 MPa、甲苯为溶剂的条件下,催化1-癸烯氢甲酰化可获得93.0%的转化率,95.8%的醛的选择性,2.1的正异比,137 h-1的TOF值.并对不同链长烯烃底物进行了考察.随着烯烃碳链的增加,醛的选择性下降,但是正异比有所增加.     

分子筛负载钒配合物催化剂对烃类氧化的择形选择性研究

研究了四价钒配合物VO(pic)2·H2O及其分子筛负载型催化剂VO(pic)2-NaY对芳香烃和正构烷烃的催化氧化性能.实验结果证明,VO(pic)2-NaY催化剂具有与VO(pic)2·H2O配合物催化剂相似的催化氧化活性,而且使对位产物(芳香烃为底物)和伯醇(底物为正构烷烃)的选择性得到提高,显示出均相配合物催化剂所不具有的择形选择性.     

聚氧乙烯基取代膦—铑配合物催化有机单相苯乙烯氢甲酰化反应研究

基于非离子表面活性膦配体的临界溶解温度特性 ,研究了以 Rh Cl3· 3H2 O为催化剂前体、聚氧乙烯基取代膦为配体原位合成的膦铑配合物催化剂 ,对有机单相体系中苯乙烯氢甲酰化反应的催化性能 .考察了反应温度、压力及不同聚氧乙烯基取代膦 -铑配合物催化剂对反应的影响 .以 Rh/PETPP配合物为催化剂时 ,在 T=10 0℃ ,p=6 .0 MPa (CO/H2 =1∶ 1)条件下 ,反应 3.5 h后 ,烯烃转化率和产物醛收率可分别达 96 .7%和 92 .6 %     

三苯膦(胂、胅、胇)配位次苄基九羰基三钴的合成及其催化活性

金属钴簇配合物的合成及其催化活性的研究一直引起人们极大的兴趣 . 1 958年 ,Markby等[1] 首先合成出烷川九羰基三钴体系的第 1个配合物 CH3CCo3(CO) 9. 1 978年 ,傅宏祥等 [2 ] 合成了甲川族金属簇配合物 YCCo3(CO) 9(Y=H、Cl、Ph、Et OO) ,并在低压下 ,对 1 -己烯、二异丁烯等烯烃的醛化、异构化反应作了研究 .Ryan[3] 等用Ph CCo3(CO) 9对 1 -戊烯的醛化反应作了研究 ,显示出较好的结果 ,并且指出 :此催化剂具有容易制备、活性高、对空气稳定、价格低廉等优点 .鉴于羰基铑以膦、三苯基膦、胺配位的配合物反应活性比羰基铑更高…     

二羰基水杨醛肟铑配合物催化的苯乙烯常压氢甲酰化反应

用Rh~2(CO)~4Cl~2与水杨醛肟的钠盐反应合成了二羰基水杨醛肟铑配合物Rh(sox)(CO~2)(1)。在常压下研究了该配合物与膦或亚磷酸酯组成的体系对苯乙烯氢甲酰化反应的催化性能, 此体系对烯烃没有催化加氢作用, 产物醛的化学选择性均为100%。考察了膦的结构与用量对催化活性和选择性的影响, 双膦作配体时活性和选择性都高于单膦, 其中Rh(sox)(CO)~2-Ph~2P(CH~2)~3PPh~2体系的最高初活性(TON)可达1.60min^-^1, 2-苯基丙醛的选择性在90%以上。对反应的活性物种作了初步讨论。     

两相催化体系中双子表面活性剂对1-十二烯氢甲酰化反应的促进作用

报道了水溶性铑膦配合物组成的复合催化体系催化1-十二烯氢甲酰化反应中,双子表面活性剂[二溴化-(N,N,N′,N′-四甲基)-N,N′-二(十六烷基)-乙二铵]形成胶束的助催化作用.结果表明,在水/有机两相中,双子表面活性剂比单链表面活性剂CTAB具有更好加速催化反应的作用,并使烯烃氢甲酰化的区域选择性显著提高.这归因于双子表面活性剂有较低的cmc,可形成更加紧密规整的胶束结构,有利于增溶在胶束中的烯烃与铑催化剂配位和生成正构醛.     

The Performance of Rhodium Complex—diphosphine Systems in the Hydroformylation of 1—Dodecene

The catalytic performances of four HRh(CO)(PPh3)3-diphosphine (BISBI,BDPX,BDNA and BINAP) systems in 1-dodecene hydroformylation were investigated and compared with HRh(CO)(PPh3)3-PPh3 system.The catalyst system HRb(CO)(PPh3)3-BISBI exhibited very hig regioselectivity for the formation of linear aldehyde.     

两相催化体系中辛烯的氢甲酰化反应研究

考察了反应温度、膦／铑化、表面活性剂种类及浓度、CO／H2压力比等因素对水溶性铑－膦配合物RhCI(CO)(TPPTS)2催化剂催化1－辛烯、2－辛烯氢甲酰化反应活性的影响,并选择出了优化的反应条件。研究结果表明,在该体系中表面活性剂的结果是影响RhCI(CO)(TPPTS)2催化2－辛烯转化率和选择性的重要原因,并对在两相体系2－辛烯氢甲酰化反应中表面活性剂十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵（BDAC）明显优于十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）的原因进行了探讨。     

OTPPTS对烯烃氢甲酰化反应的影响

 研究了水/有机两相体系中TPPTS(磺化三苯基膦)氧化为OTPPTS(氧化的TPPTS)对Rh/TPPTS催化烯烃氢甲酰化反应的影响. 结果表明,在己烯-1、辛烯-1和十二烯-1氢甲酰化反应中,当n(OTPPTS)/n(TPPTS)＜1时,对催化剂体系性能的影响较小,但当n(OTPPTS)/n(TPPTS)＞1时,将引起催化剂体系的活性、选择性和稳定性下降; 如果保持体系中TPPTS的含量一定,使n(TPPTS)/n(Rh)≥18,当n(OTPPTS)/n(Rh)＝20时,则对催化剂体系性能的影响不明显. 这说明生成的OTPPTS不是铑催化剂的毒物. TPPTS氧化为OTPPTS致使铑催化剂的活性和生成醛的选择性下降, 是由于TPPTS浓度的降低导致n(TPPTS)/n(Rh)值过低,使催化循环中各活性物种的平衡发生变化及铑配合物的稳定性变差所造成的结果.     

烯烃氢甲酰化催化剂活性物种的原位1H NMR研究

The rhodium-phosphine complex catalyst Rh(CO)(acac)(PPh3)(Ⅰ) for 1-hexene hydroformylation was studied under the following reaction conditions: CO/H2=1(mole rate), pressure 1.0 MPa, temperature 25-120℃, by using the pressurized in-situ 1H NMR technique. Experimental results indicated that the formation of a rhodium hydride complex from (Ⅰ) began at room temperature and its amount increased with increasing of reaction temperature. This intermediate complex began to decompose at 100℃ and disapeared completely at 120℃. The intensity change of the proton signal was parallel to catalytical activity in hydroformylation of olefins. Under pure CO pressure the proton signal of Ph-H bond was not observed. There was a 0.2 ppm difference in proton chemical shifts of Rh-H bond under pure H2 pressure and under H2+CO pressure. The results showed that the rhodium-hydride carbonyl complex is the active intermediate in the industrial hydroformylation process.     

1-丁烯氢甲酰化反应的宏观动力学研究

采用三苯基膦羰基氢化铑作为催化剂,进行1-丁烯氢甲酰化合成戊醛反应,主要考察温度、铑浓度、配体浓度、丁烯浓度、合成气中H2和CO分压等因素对反应速率的影响.动力学研究表明温度、Rh浓度、丁烯浓度和H2分压的增加均可提高反应速度,CO分压和配体量的增加使反应速度降低.给出了RhH(CO)(PPh3)3催化1-丁烯氢甲酰化的反应动力学方程,并采用非线性最小二乘法对模型进行参数估值,计算值与实验值具有较好的一致性.     

Towards the Development of a Selective Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Olefins

The ruthenium‐catalyzed hydroformylation of 1‐ and 2‐octene to give preferentially the corresponding linear aldehyde is reported. The catalyst system comprising of Ru₃(CO)₁₂ and an imidazole‐substituted monophosphine ligand allows for high chemo‐ and regioselectivity. The hydroformylation proceeds with unprecedented rates for a ruthenium‐based catalyst.     

A silica-supported, switchable, and recyclable hydroformylation-hydrogenation catalyst

A homogeneous hydroformylation catalyst, designed to produce selectively linear aldehydes, was covalently tethered to a polysilicate support. The immobilized transition-metal complex [Rh(A)CO]+(1+)), in which A is N-(3-trimethoxysilane-n-propyl)-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)phenoxazine, was prepared both via the sol-gel process and by covalent anchoring to silica. 1+ was characterized by means of (31)P and (29)Si MAS NMR, FT-IR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Polysilicate immobilized Rh(A) performed as a selective hydroformylation catalyst showing an overall selectivity for the linear aldehyde of 94.6% (linear to branched aldehyde ratio of 65). In addition 1-nonanol, obtained via the hydrogenation of the corresponding aldehyde, was formed as an unexpected secondary product (3.6% at 20% conversion). Under standard hydroformylation conditions, 1+ and HRh(A)(CO)(2)(1) coexist on the support. This dual catalyst system performed as a hydroformylation/hydrogenation sequence catalyst (Z), giving selectively 1-nonanol from 1-octene; ultimately, 98% of 1-octene was converted to mainly 1-nonanal and 97% of the nonanal was hydrogenated to 1-nonanol. The addition of 1-propanol completely changes Z in a hydroformylation catalyst (X), which produces 1-nonanal with an overall selectivity of 93%, and completely suppresses the reduction reaction. If the atmosphere is changed from CO/H(2) to H(2) the catalyst system is switched to the hydrogenation mode (Y), which shows a clean and complete hydrogenation of 1-octene and 1-nonanal within 24 h. The immobilized catalyst can be recycled and the system can be switched reversibly between the three "catalyst modes" X, Y, and Z, completely retaining the catalyst performance in each mode.     

Chiral bidentate aminophosphine ligands: synthesis, coordination chemistry and asymmetric catalysis

Chiral aminophosphines Ph2PN(R)(CH2)nN(R)PPh2 1-4 [n= 2, R = CH(CH3)(Ph) 1; n= 3, R = CH(CH2CH3)(Ph) 2, n= 2, R = CH(CH3)(1-naphthyl) 3; n= 2, R = CH(CH3)(C6H11) 4] were synthesized by the reaction of ClPPh2 with the appropriate easily accessible enantiopure amine building blocks. For compounds 1 and 2, the corresponding selenides 5 and 6 were prepared to determine the electronic character of the phosphine moieties. By reaction of 1 with either PdCl2(cod) or PdCl(CH3)(cod) the cis-complexes 7 and 8 were obtained. The molecular structure for complex 7, cis-[PdCl2(1)], was determined by X-ray crystallography. Reaction of PtCl2(cod) with 1 or 2 yielded the corresponding monomeric cis-isomers 9 and 10. The rhodium derivative [RhCl(CO)(1)] (11) was obtained as a mixture of cis and trans-isomers. Preliminary results in the rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation of styrene and vinyl acetate, with ee's up to 51% and high regioselectivities, showed the potential of these chiral aminophosphines for homogeneous catalysis.     

Rhodium-catalyzed nondecarbonylative addition reaction of ClCOCOOC2H5 to alkynes

Addition of ethoxalyl chloride (ClCOCOOEt) to terminal alkynes at 60 degrees C in the presence of a rhodium(I)-phosphine complex catalyst chosen from a wide range affords 4-chloro-2-oxo-3-alkenoates regio- and stereoselectively. Functional groups such as chloro, cyano, alkoxy, siloxy, and hydroxy are tolerated. The oxidative addition of ethoxalyl chloride to [RhCl(CO)(PR(3))(2)] proceeds readily at 60 degrees C or room temperature and gives [RhCl(2)(COCOOEt)(CO)(PR(3))(2)] (PR(3) = PPh(2)Me, PPhMe(2), PMe(3)) complexes in high yields. The structure of [RhCl(2)(COCOOEt)(CO)(PPh(2)Me)(2)] was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Thermolysis of these ethoxalyl complexes has revealed that those ligated by more electron-donating phosphines are fairly stable against decarbonylation and reductive elimination. [RhCl(2)(COCOOEt)(CO)(PPh(2)Me)(2)] reacts with 1-octyne at 60 degrees C to form ethyl 4-chloro-2-oxo-3-decenoate. The catalysis is therefore proposed to proceed by oxidative addition of ethoxalyl chloride, insertion of an alkyne into the Cl--Rh bond of the resulting intermediate, and reductive elimination of alkenyl-COCOOEt.