^1HNMR／IR对道路沥青改质过程研究

采用１ＨＮＭＲ／ＩＲ相结合的手段求得了道路沥青较为准确的结构参数,研究了道路沥青改质过程中结构的变化。结果表明,随着沥青改质过程的进行,沥青的芳香度提高,平均结构单元芳碳原子数、芳环数和总环数有所增加。道路沥青的性质与其结构之间有着必然的联系,石油沥青芳香度的增加可以改善其延度,而烷基侧链的长度影响其针入度。对于不同结构的沥青,应采用不同结构的改质剂进行改质,以制得高质量的道路沥青     

有机显微组分的二次离子质谱研究

采用二次离子质谱技术（ＳＩＭＳ）对煤及源岩中不同成熟度的镜质体、丝质体、沥青和笔石进行了详细研究。结果表明不同显微组分具有不同的ＳＩＭＳ谱图，反映出其化学组成和结构的差异性，且ＣＨ２＾＋／ＣＨ３＾＋参数变化趋势可以用来评价有机组分的热演化规律。同时说明ＳＩＭＳ技术是有机显微组分化学成分和结构研究的有效手段。     

石油沥青基碳材料在电化学储能中的应用

石油沥青是石油加工过程中产生的最难处理的副产品之一,对其进行经济、高效的定向转化是具有重要市场价值和重大战略意义的研究.石油沥青的结构和组成复杂,本文从石油沥青氢碳比低且富含多环芳烃的特点出发,针对电化学储能应用领域,重点综述和展望了石油沥青基纳米碳材料的制备、改性及其在二次电池和超级电容器电极材料方面的应用研究进展,为石油沥青的高附加值利用提供技术方法和研究思路.     

仿生天然高分子水凝胶在医用材料方面的应用

天然高分子水凝胶具有高度水合的三维网络结构,显示出独特的粘附性,能有效地控制出血,减少二次感染,且生物相容性和生物降解性好,是一种理想的医用粘合剂材料。近年来,鉴于目前医用粘合剂研发制备中对水下湿粘性以及生物降解性能等要求越来越严格,具有耐水粘附性、生物安全性和形状可控性的新型粘附材料成为研究的热点和难点。自然界生物对各种基质的粘附性主要取决于其组成或结构,利用天然高分子水凝胶材料进行仿生,可以使其兼具优异的组织粘附性、止血抑菌性和形状可控性等特性,是解决上述问题的有效策略。本文概述了两种类型的仿生天然高分子水凝胶材料粘附机制,针对性地讨论了贻贝、藤壶、牡蛎的组成特性和咸水鱼、细胞外基质(extracellular matrix)的结构特点以及粘附机理,并介绍了相应仿生天然高分子水凝胶材料在组织愈合、伤口止血及药物递送方面的研究进展。最后,对仿生天然高分子水凝胶在未来的发展方向进行展望并为其提供相应的建议。     

委内瑞拉减渣供氢热转化中沥青质结构变化研究

以委内瑞拉减压渣油为原料,在高压反应釜内考察了反应温度425 ℃时不同反应时间下常规热转化与供氢热转化反应前后沥青质的平均相对分子质量、元素组成、氢类型分布及其平均结构参数变化。结果表明,与常规热转化相比,反应时间相同时,供氢热转化过程所得残渣油沥青质平均相对分子质量较低,S/C原子比较低,而H/C原子比及活泼性氢量较高。供氢剂能够在热转化过程中降低残渣油沥青质的芳碳率,提高其环烷碳率及环烷环与芳香环的比值,从而延缓其相分离及生焦过程。     

超声波处理对加氢反应前后沥青质单元分子结构的影响

以胜利减渣和沙轻减渣为原料,研究了超声波处理对加氢反应前后沥青质单元分子结构的影响,并结合¹H-NMR数据、沥青质单元分子参数变化和红外光谱分析等结果,用Chem Bio Draw Ultra 2012模拟出不同条件下两种沥青质单元分子的结构。结果表明,超声波处理减少了沥青质的缔合数,使沥青质单元分子发生开环反应和脱烷基侧链反应加剧,改变了沥青质单元分子的结构,对加氢后沥青质单元分子的结构和组成产生重要影响。沥青质单元分子模型可形象体现超声波处理对加氢反应前后沥青质单元分子化学结构的影响,有助于在分子水平上解释超声波处理影响沥青质单元分子的原因。     

超声波处理对加氢反应前后沥青质单元分子结构的影响

以胜利减渣和沙轻减渣为原料,研究了超声波处理对加氢反应前后沥青质单元分子结构的影响,并结合1H-NMR数据、沥青质单元分子参数变化和红外光谱分析等结果,用Chem Bio Draw Ultra 2012模拟出不同条件下两种沥青质单元分子的结构。结果表明,超声波处理减少了沥青质的缔合数,使沥青质单元分子发生开环反应和脱烷基侧链反应加剧,改变了沥青质单元分子的结构,对加氢后沥青质单元分子的结构和组成产生重要影响。沥青质单元分子模型可形象体现超声波处理对加氢反应前后沥青质单元分子化学结构的影响,有助于在分子水平上解释超声波处理影响沥青质单元分子的原因。     

兖州煤环己酮抽提物的组成,结构及性质研究

前沥青烯及沥青烯是环己酮抽出物的主要级分，它们与原煤有相近的元素组成，并且分子量较大，因此抽出物的组成与结构较好地反映出原煤的组成与结构，本文通过红外光谱，核磁共振的研究讨论了抽出物中有沥青烯及沥青烯级分的结构特点，并由核磁共振氢谱数据计算抽出物的平均分子结构参数，前沥青烯及沥青烯级分的芳香度分别为０．７２和０．６３。     

我国层控冰洲石矿床热发光研究

本文报道四个地区,三种成因类型冰洲石矿床的岩石、矿物及工人合成方解石热发光特性。结果表明:(1)不同地区,不同成因类型的冰洲石和方解石具有不同的热发光性质;(2)由于蚀变与蚀变围岩受热的不均一性导至热发光性质有明显的差别;(3)同一地区的冰洲石和方解石由于热历史的不同致使它们具有不同的热发光表现;(4)在矿液沿倾斜裂隙上升成矿的过程中,由于上、下盘受热的差异,同样导至它们的热发光性质的截然不同;(5)人工合成样品的热发光测量验证了天然样品所测得的热发光结论。     

煤沥青的电化学加氢──Ⅰ．原料煤沥青的预处理和组成结构分析

为选择适于作为碳纤维原料的煤沥青，对三种中低温煤沥青的预处理和组成结构进行了研究，同时对其中的太钢煤沥青进行了热缩聚制取中间相沥青的结构变化分析。研究分析结果表明，只要经过合适的工艺路线进行处理，这三种煤沥青都有可能作为沥青基碳纤维的原料。     

Determining the point of origin of bitumen coats on ceramic tableware excavated from ancient settlement at Menteshtepe, Azerbaijan

An analysis of bitumen coatings on surfaces of ceramic tableware found during excavations at the Menteshtepe settlement (Tovuz region, Azerbaijan) has been performed. Biomarker analysis has been conducted, hydrocarbon and elemental composition of the bitumen have been determined using highly sensitive equipment, and the point of origin of the bitumen is discovered.     

The Effect of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Modification on the Characteristics and Performance of Bitumen

In order to cover the effect of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modification on the characteristics of bitumen, two types of bitumen, one plain bitumen, and one polymer modified bitumen produced with the plain bitumen as base material were characterized in terms of chemical composition, microstructure, micromechanical properties, and thermoanalytical behavior. In order to determine the complex chemical composition of bitumen, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, and the Iatroscan method were employed. Microstructure and micromechanical properties were determined using an environmental scanning electron microscope and the nanoindentation technique. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine phase-change temperatures and endo/exotherms associated with molecular movement. The addition of SBS leads to different rheological behavior over the whole service temperature range. This is reflected in bitumen chemistry by differences in elemental composition and molecular weight distribution with much higher M _w values for the modified bitumen. Accordingly, the polymer leads to a shift in molecular fractions. Electron microscopy reveals two distinct phases building up the bitumen microstructure. The chosen mode of quantification leads to similar material parameters for both bitumens, which is explained by the use of the same base material. In contrast, nanoindentation delivers viscosities in the micro-range corresponding to large-scale rheological properties. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry indicates two glass transitions corresponding with two material phases also confirmed by other experiments. Due to modification, these glass transitions depart from each other and the amount of the two material phases changes, correlating with the shift in molecular fractions observed in Iatroscan analyses.     

The Effect of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Modification on the Characteristics and Performance of Bitumen

Summary. In order to cover the effect of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modification on the characteristics of bitumen, two types of bitumen, one plain bitumen, and one polymer modified bitumen produced with the plain bitumen as base material were characterized in terms of chemical composition, microstructure, micromechanical properties, and thermoanalytical behavior. In order to determine the complex chemical composition of bitumen, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, and the Iatroscan method were employed. Microstructure and micromechanical properties were determined using an environmental scanning electron microscope and the nanoindentation technique. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine phase-change temperatures and endo/exotherms associated with molecular movement. The addition of SBS leads to different rheological behavior over the whole service temperature range. This is reflected in bitumen chemistry by differences in elemental composition and molecular weight distribution with much higher M _w values for the modified bitumen. Accordingly, the polymer leads to a shift in molecular fractions. Electron microscopy reveals two distinct phases building up the bitumen microstructure. The chosen mode of quantification leads to similar material parameters for both bitumens, which is explained by the use of the same base material. In contrast, nanoindentation delivers viscosities in the micro-range corresponding to large-scale rheological properties. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry indicates two glass transitions corresponding with two material phases also confirmed by other experiments. Due to modification, these glass transitions depart from each other and the amount of the two material phases changes, correlating with the shift in molecular fractions observed in Iatroscan analyses.     

青海出露油砂沥青的烃类组成分析

利用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱／质谱联机(GC／MS)检测了青海出露油砂沥青的烃类组成与分布。结果表明，其为陆源湖相有机质生成的原油经生物氧化降解形成的。由于所处的独特地理、地质环境，其生物氧化降解程度低，饱和烃含量甚高，分布规整，轻质组分很多，明显不同于其它地区的油砂沥青。鉴于其特殊的化学组成与分布，该油砂矿必须采用新的方式进行开采。     

Surface microstructure of bitumen characterized by atomic force microscopy

Bitumen, also called asphalt binder, plays important roles in many industrial applications. It is used as the primary binding agent in asphalt concrete, as a key component in damping systems such as rubber, and as an indispensable additive in paint and ink. Consisting of a large number of hydrocarbons of different sizes and polarities, together with heteroatoms and traces of metals, bitumen displays rich surface microstructures that affect its rheological properties. This paper reviews the current understanding of bitumen's surface microstructures characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Microstructures of bitumen develop to different forms depending on crude oil source, thermal history, and sample preparation method. While some bitumens display surface microstructures with fine domains, flake-like domains, and dendrite structuring, ‘bee-structures’ with wavy patterns several micrometers in diameter and tens of nanometers in height are commonly seen in other binders. Controversy exists regarding the chemical origin of the ‘bee-structures’, which has been related to the asphaltene fraction, the metal content, or the crystallizing waxes in bitumen. The rich chemistry of bitumen can result in complicated intermolecular associations such as coprecipitation of wax and metalloporphyrins in asphaltenes. Therefore, it is the molecular interactions among the different chemical components in bitumen, rather than a single chemical fraction, that are responsible for the evolution of bitumen's diverse microstructures, including the ‘bee-structures’. Mechanisms such as curvature elasticity and surface wrinkling that explain the rippled structures observed in polymer crystals might be responsible for the formation of ‘bee-structures’ in bitumen. Despite the progress made on morphological characterization of bitumen using AFM, the fundamental question whether the microstructures observed on bitumen surfaces represent its bulk structure remains to be addressed. In addition, critical technical challenges associated with AFM characterization of bitumen surface structures are discussed, with possible solutions recommended. For future work, combining AFM with other chemical analysis tools that can generate comparable high resolution to AFM would provide an avenue to linking bitumen's chemistry to its microscopic morphological and mechanical properties and consequently benefit the efforts of developing structure-related models for bituminous materials across the different length scales.     

Synergistic effect of water layer and divalent metal ions in a model oil sand on bitumen liberation from solids surface

In this work, we offer a direct evidence to illustrate the synergistic effect of water layer and divalent metal ions in oil sands on bitumen liberation from solids surface. A model oil sand was constructed by coating bitumen on the glass surface with a water layer containing divalent metal ions inserted between them. The bitumen liberation behaviors were investigated by placing the model oil sands in various pH solutions. It was found that the water layer facilitated the bitumen liberation, while the presence of Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺ in the water layer played a different role on the bitumen liberation depending on the solution pH. It was believed that the variation of the bitumen liberation was attributed to the changes of surface wettability arising from the adsorption of natural surfactants on the solids and bitumen surfaces. The preferential adsorption of Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺ on the solids and bitumen surfaces acted as either a barrier to disturb the cationic surfactants adsorbing or a bridge to anchor the anionic surfactants. The findings in this work are important for understanding the bitumen liberation behaviors and give a guideline of how controlling the water chemistry when processing the oil sands by water-based bitumen extraction processes.     

The Use of Pulse Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Studying the Mechanism of Solvation Separation of Natural Bitumen

A mechanism of deasphalting and fractionation of Ashal'chinsk natural bitumen with acetone was studied by pulse NMR. The features of distribution of components of the initial material in acetone solutions in deasphalting and also structural variations in the colloidal system resulting in separation of fractions when water is added in portions to the solution were studied. The structural-group composition of the separation products was characterized on the basis of NMR and IR data.     

Geochemical characterisation of heavily biodegraded tar sand bitumens by catalytic hydropyrolysis

Catalytic hydropyrolysis was used to release the aliphatic biomarkers covalently bound within the asphaltene structure of highly biodegraded Nigerian tar sand bitumens. Unlike the free aliphatic hydrocarbons extracted from the bitumen, the hydropyrolysis products of the asphaltenes afford aliphatic biomarkers having the characteristics of the initial unaltered oil, which had been trapped within the asphaltene matrix of the bitumen and protected from biodegradation processes. The biomarker profiles obtained allow proper characterisation of the bitumen in terms of source and thermal maturity. Catalytic hydropyrolysis is also capable of releasing aromatic hydrocarbons that can be used in the geochemical characterisation of the bitumen.     

Viscosity of Polymer–Bitumen Binders

Polymer–bitumen binders for the highway engineering were obtained by the addition of a ternary ethylene–propylene rubber to a bitumen. The addition of a vulcanizing agent to a polymer–bitumen composition caused the structuring of the system through cross-linking of rubber molecules in the bitumen matrix that was confirmed by the study of structural viscosity of the polymer–bitumen compositions, as well as molecular mobility by the methods of NMR-relaxation and pulsed field gradient NMR-relaxation (self-diffusion).