固态后缩聚方法合成高分子量的含磷热致性液晶共聚酯

为了获得较高分子量的具有高阻燃性的热致性液晶高分子,通过固态聚合方法合成了一种基于对羟基苯甲酸、对苯二甲酸、乙二醇和含磷菲环取代二酚的高热稳定性、较低相转变温度和宽的液晶相转变温度范围的含磷液晶共聚酯(BDQTEP),并对该含磷液晶共聚酯预聚物(pre-BDQTE)在不同固态聚合条件下获得的聚合物热性能和液晶性进行了研究.对其固态反应速率控制进行了初步的探讨,当反应温度为235℃时,固态聚合反应较为理想.在聚合的初始阶段,共聚酯特性黏数[η]、黏流温度Tf和羧基浓度[COOH]均随聚合时间而明显变化,但在6 h后变化较小,几乎不变.通过固态后缩聚,将熔融聚合获得的特性黏数[η]=0.44 dL/g的含磷液晶共聚酯BDQTE的特性黏数提高了近两倍.     

离子液体中AM/ST二元共聚物的合成

采用1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氟硼酸盐离子液体作为聚合反应介质,以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,丙烯酰胺(AM)为亲水单体,苯乙烯(ST)为疏水单体,合成了水溶性共聚物P(AM/ST).研究得到了适宜的反应条件:总单体在离子液体中的浓度为2mol/L,引发剂的浓度占总质量分数的2%,反应温度60℃,反应时间4h,AM与ST的物质的量比为98∶2,采用该反应条件所得到的聚合物的特性黏数为2.6.通过1HNMR,13CNMR和FIRT表征了聚合物的分子结构.     

乳酸-3-苯甲基-2,5-吗啉二酮共聚物的合成及共聚物组分分析

以苯丙氨酸为原料合成3-苯甲基-2,5-吗啉二酮(PMD),以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,研究PMD与丙交酯(LA)开环共聚得到乳酸-3-苯甲基-2,5-吗啉二酮共聚物,用IR、1H-NMR、DSC对共聚物进行分析表征,表明可得到含有苯丙氨酸的聚乳酸共聚物.利用红外定量分析法替代1H-NMR法测定共聚物中PMD的组分含量,以1671.53cm-1和870.82cm-1两波数处特征峰的吸光度比值,作标准工作曲线Y=0.05567X+0.1091,r=0.9993.比较了催化剂浓度、反应时间、温度对共聚物组分含量、共聚物特性黏数[η]的影响.结果表明,低催化剂浓度条件下(0.025mol%与0.1mol%),产物特性黏数[η]随反应时间的延长先增加然后下降;而在高催化剂浓度(0.2mol%)的条件下,因主链中形成了更多更稳定的酰胺键,产物特性黏数[η]10h内维持不变;随PMD加入量的增多,进入共聚物中的PMD组分也相应地呈线性增加,但因PMD的开环活性低于丙交酯,所以苯丙氨酸引入聚乳酸链段中比较困难,但在低投料比条件下(<20mol%),升高反应温度有利于PMD含量的增加;同样也因为PMD在共聚物中组分含量的增多,苯环的稳定性使共聚物[η]受催化剂浓度及温度的影响逐渐减弱.     

Brønsted酸性离子液体催化合成聚甲醛二甲醚的研究

合成并表征了两种Brønsted酸性离子液体N-甲基-2吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([Hnmp]HSO₄)和N-甲基-2吡咯烷酮对甲苯磺酸盐([Hnmp]PTSA),对两种离子液体在由甲缩醛和多聚甲醛缩合制备聚甲醛二甲醚(DMM_n,n > 1)反应中的催化性能进行了研究.结果显示,离子液体的催化活性与其酸性相关,离子液体[Hnmp]HSO₄具有较高的催化活性;当离子液体[Hnmp]HSO₄ 的用量为2.0%(质量分数)、m(甲缩醛)/m(多聚甲醛)= 2.00、反应温度110℃、反应时间6 h时,甲缩醛的转化率和DMM_3~8 的选择性分别为52.28%和49.18%.反应结束后,离子液体[Hnmp]HSO₄与产物自动分成两相,且该离子液体的稳定性好,重复使用五次后仍有较高的催化活性.     

新型温控离子液体介质中脂肪酶催化合成乙酸苯乙酯

 设计合成了三种同分异构离子液体 1,3-二正戊基咪唑六氟磷酸盐 ([D(n-C5)Im]PF6)、1,3-二异戊基咪唑六氟磷酸盐 ([D(i-C5)Im]PF6) 和 1,3-二 (2-甲基丁基) 咪唑六氟磷酸盐 ([D(2-mb)Im]PF6). 以假单胞菌脂肪酶 Pseudomonas cepacial 催化合成乙酸苯乙酯为模型反应, 分别考察了反应介质对酶行为的影响. 结果发现, 酶在离子液体[D(2-mb)Im]PF6 中的活性及反应性能明显高于有机溶剂正己烷. 基于[D(2-mb)Im]PF6 离子液体的温控特点, 提出了一种高温反应与低温分离相结合的乙酸苯乙酯合成路线. 通过优化实验, 得到合成乙酸苯乙酯的最佳反应条件为: 30 mg 酶, 1.0 g 离子液体, 2% 含水量, 反应温度 35 oC, 反应时间 48 h. 此时, 乙酸苯乙酯产率达 92.3%. 脂肪酶在[D(2-mb)Im]PF6 中的稳定性是在正己烷中的 7.4 倍, 且重复使用 10 次后催化活性没有明显降低. 此外, 采用圆二色谱和内源荧光光谱法研究了不同介质中脂肪酶结构的变化. 结果表明, 脂肪酶在[D(2-mb)Im]PF6 中有较大的氨基酸残基裸露程度和良好的二级结构稳定性.     

铁氰根桥联的一维链状大环配位聚合物的合成及结构

配位聚合物的合成、结构和性质研究近年来引起了人们极大的兴趣 ,已成为配位化学最活跃的研究领域之一 .由于 [Fe( CN) 6 ]3- 和 [Fe( CN) 6 ]4- 离子本身具有丰富的配位特性 ,可与金属离子及其配合物形成一维链状、二维网状和三维立体结构的配位聚合物 [1～ 5] ,铁氰根和亚铁氰根桥联的配位聚合物的研究成为其中的研究热点之一 .此外 ,铁氰根和亚铁氰根桥联的配位聚合物具有较高的铁磁相变温度[6～ 8] ,是一类具有较好应用前景的分子磁体 .但是 ,以金属大环配合物作为结构单元与 [Fe( CN) 6 ]3-和 [Fe( CN) 6 ]4-离子形成的配位聚合物…     

氯铝酸室温离子液体中双酚A的合成

以Et3NHCl-AlCl3离子液体为催化剂,通过苯酚和丙酮缩合反应合成双酚A。考察了离子液体的催化活性,较系统地研究了催化剂路易斯酸性、催化剂用量、反应物摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间对产率的影响。最佳反应条件为：丙酮10mmol,n(酚)：n(酮)=8：1,催化剂Et3NHCl-AICl3[n(AICl3)：n(Et3NHCl-AICl3)=0．6]10．7mmol,硫醇(助剂)0．2mmol,反应温度60℃,在25mL的甲苯中反应4h。此条件下收率可达85．1％。     

酸功能化离子液体催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

合成并表征了酸功能化离子液体,用于催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC).通过考察各种离子液体的催化活性及重复使用性能,选定酸功能化离子液体[HSO3-pmim]HSO4为催化合成TBC的催化剂.研究了催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响,得到其较佳工艺条件为:催化剂用量为反应物总质量的8·0%,醇酸摩尔比为5·5∶1,反应温度110~150℃,反应时间3h.此条件下,酯化率达到99·0%.分离出的离子液体未经任何处理重复使用8次后,酯化率仍为95·2%.     

酸功能化离子液体催化三聚甲醛与烯烃的Prins反应

以烯烃和三聚甲醛为原料,采用酸功能化离子液体作催化剂,在无溶剂体系中经Prins反应合成了1,3-二氧己环衍生物.对不同离子液体的催化活性进行了考察,选择[BsTmG][HSO4]作为反应的催化剂.研究了温度、时间以及原料摩尔比对反应的影响,得到较佳实验条件为:催化剂用量为烯烃摩尔量的5%,三聚甲醛与烯烃摩尔比为1∶1,温度80℃,时间10 h.该催化体系具有较好的底物适用性,离子液体[BsTmG][HSO4]经简单的萃取分离后重复使用8次,仍保持较好的催化活性.     

一步法合成低聚磷酸酯阻燃剂间苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸酯)

以磷酸三苯酯(TPP)和间苯二酚为原料,采用一步法合成低聚磷酸酯阻燃剂间苯二酚双(二苯基磷酸酯)(RDP),利用红外、核磁、ESI-MS对其结构进行表征。研究了催化剂种类及用量、物料比、酯化反应温度和反应时间等因素对反应的影响,并通过高效液相色谱监测反应进程。通过L9(34)正交试验以及单因素法进行优化,得到适宜反应条件。结果表明,当TPP和间苯二酚摩尔比为2.1∶1.0时,以离子液体[Bmim]OH作为催化剂,催化剂用量为0.010(wt)%,在120~130℃下进行酯交换反应,反应4h,所得产品中RDP单体色谱收率可达到90.7%。产品性能指标优良,热重分析表明其热稳定性符合工程塑料加工要求。     

Preparation of polyamides via the phosphorylation reaction. X. A study of higashi reaction conditions

We report a study of the conditions of the phosphorylation reaction for the preparation of aromatic polyamides using the Higashi reaction medium. For poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T), the optimum conditions are: reaction temperature, 115°C; monomer concentration, C = 0.083 mol/L; and ratio of triphenyl phosphite (TPP) to monomer, 2.0. These optimum conditions produce PPD-T having η_inh = 6.2 dL/g. At temperatures of 120°C and above PPD-T precipitates from the reaction mixture, leading to lower molecular weights. At lower temperatures the reaction mixture gels, and the gel time decreases with increasing reaction temperature. However, polycondensation continues in the gel state. Monomer concentrations C = 0.10 mol/L and above produce precipitation and yield polyamides of lower molecular weight. For the preparation of poly(p-benzamide) (PBA), the optimum ratio of TPP to monomer is 0.6 for either p- aminobenzoic acid or N-4-(4′-aminobenzamido)benzoic acid. In the former case the inherent viscosity of polymer prepared at 115°C showed little dependence upon the concentration of the monomer. The highest value, η_inh = 1.8 dL/g, was obtained with C = 0.40 mol/L and a TPP/monomer ratio of 0.6. However, for the same TPP/monomer ratio, the monomer containing a preformed amide linkage, N-4-(4′-aminobenzamido)benzoic acid, gave PBA with η_inh = 4.6 dL/g when the monomer concentration is 0.33 mol/L. This is the highest value reported for PBA using the phosphorylation reaction. In A?A + B?B polycondensation, examples in which one of the monomers contained one or two preformed amide linkages produced polyamides having η_inh = 7.8 and 8.9 dL/g, respectively.     

Synthesis and characterization of optically active polyamides based on 2-(1,3-isoindolinedione-2-yl)glutaric acid by direct polycondensation

<正>Five new optically active polyamides(PAs) 6a-6e were prepared by direct polycondensation reaction of 2-(1,3- isoindolinedione-2-yl)-glutaric acid 4 as a new chiral diacid with various aromatic diamines 5a-5e in a medium consisting of triphenyl phosphite(TPP),calcium chloride,pyridine(Py) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP).The polycondensation reaction produced a series of polyamids 6a-6e in quantitative yields with inherent viscosities of 0.26-0.39 dL/g.The resulting polymers were fully characterized by means of ~1H-NMR,FT-IR spectroscopy,elemental analysis,inherent viscosity and specific rotation.Thermal properties of these polymers were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal gravimetry(DTG).Phthalimide rings as a bulky pendent group in the polymer chains disturb the interchain and intrachain interactions and make these PAs readily soluble in polar,aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethyl acetamide(DMAc),N,N-dimethyl formamide(DMF),dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) and sulfuric acid.     

Synthesis and characterization of optically active and organosoluble poly(amide-imide)s containing imidazole rings as pendent groups by direct polycondensation

Six new optically active poly(amide-imide)s(PAIs) 6a-f were prepared by direct polycondensation reaction of N-trimelli-tylimido-L-histidine 4 as a chiral diacid with various aromatic diamines 5a-f.Triphenyl phosphite(TPP)/pyridine(Py) in the presence of calcium chloride(CaCl2) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) were successfully applied to direct polycondensation reaction.The resulting new polymers were in good yields,and had inherent viscosities ranging between 0.29 and 0.41 dL g-1 and were detected with elem...     

Reversible oxidation state change in germanium(tetraphenylporphyrin) induced by a dative ligand: aromatic GeII(TPP) and antiaromatic GeIV(TPP)(pyridine)2

Treatment of GeCl2(dioxane) with Li2(TPP)(OEt2)2 (TPP = tetraphenylporphyrin) in THF yields Ge(TPP), the first free Ge(II) porphyrin complex. In pyridine Ge(TPP) is converted to Ge(TPP)(py)2, an antiaromatic Ge(IV) complex, whereas in benzene the reaction is reversed, and pyridine dissociates from Ge(TPP)(py)2 to form Ge(TPP). That reversible reaction represents an unusual, if not unique, example of an oxidation-state change in a metal induced by coordination of a dative ligand. UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy show that Ge(TPP) is an aromatic Ge(II) porphyrin complex, while the 1H NMR spectrum of Ge(TPP)(py)2 clearly indicates the presence of a strong paratropic ring current, characteristic of an antiaromatic compound. Both Ge(TPP) and Ge(TPP)(py)2 have been crystallographically characterized, and the antiaromaticity of Ge(TPP)(py)2 leads to alternating short and long C-C bonds along the 20-carbon periphery of its porphine ring system. Coordination of pyridine to Ge(TPP) greatly increases its reducing ability: the Ge(TPP)0/2+ redox potential is about +0.2 V, while the Ge(TPP)(py)2(0/+) redox potential is -1.24 V (both vs. ferrocene). The equilibrium constant of the reaction Ge(TPP) + 2 py = Ge(TPP)(py)2 in C6D6 is 22 M-2. The germanium complex of the more electron-withdrawing tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]porphyrin, Ge(TArFP), and its pyridine adduct Ge(TArFP)(py)2 were synthesized. The equilibrium constant of the reaction Ge(TArFP) + 2 py = Ge(TArFP)(py)2 in C6F6/C6D6 is 2.3 x 10(4) M-2. Density functional theory calculations are consistent with the experimental observation that M(TPP)(py)2 formation from M(TPP) and pyridine is most favorable for M=Si, borderline for Ge, and unfavorable for Sn.     

Preparation of polyamide-imides via the phosphorylation reaction. II. Synthesis of wholly aromatic polyamide-imides from N-[p-(or m-) carboxyphenyl]trimellitimides and various aromatic diamines

Wholly aromatic polyamide-imides with high molecular weight (η_inh up to 1.7 dL/g in DMAc–5% LiCl) were obtained by the direct polycondensation reaction of N-[p-( or m-) carboxyphenyl]trimellitimide [p-(or m-)CPTMI] and aromatic diamines by means of di- or triphenyl phosphite in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)-pyridine solution in the presence of lithium or calcium chloride. The factors affecting the phosphorylation reaction were investigated, in particular for the reaction of p-CPTMI and 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA). Molecular weight of polymers varied with the amount of metal salts and showed maximum values at the concentration of 10-15 wt % in the reaction mixture. Monomer concentration of 0.2 mol/L produced polymer of the highest viscosity. Higher concentrations produced gelation and yielded polymers of low molecular weight. A reaction temperature of about 120°C gave the best results. Among the solvents tested, NMP was significantly the most effective for the reaction. The highest inherent viscosity values, η_inh = 1.35 and 1.58 dL/g, were obtained with triphenyl phosphite (TPP)/monomer and diphenyl phosphite (DPP)/monomer molar ratios of 2.0. Excessive addition of phosphites did not cause a serious deleterious effect on the molecular weight of polymer. Polycondensations of several combinations of p-or m-CPTMI and aromatic diamines were carried out with satisfactory results.     

钴(II)卟啉与咪唑类配体配位反应热力学、动力学

钴（Ⅱ）卟啉能可逆地结合氧而作为血红蛋白的模拟化合物．此外,维生素B12的某些辅酶反应是通过Co（Ⅱ）自由基中间物进行的,而Co（Ⅱ）卟啉的d7Co（Ⅱ）离子在dz2轨道的单个未配对电子使其具有自由基性质,所以人们对钴（Ⅱ）卟啉表示了极大的兴趣[1-5].Walker的早期工作[1]     

Synthesis and characterization of polyamides derived from (4-(4-(2, 6-diphenylpyridin-4yl)phenoxy)phenyl)-3, 5-diaminobezamide

New types of polyamides containing pendent triaryl pyridine groups were successfully synthesized by direct polycondensation of a symmetry diamine,（4-（4-（2,6-diphenylpyridin-4yl）phenoxy）phenyl）-3,5-diaminobezamide（DPDAB）, and various aromatic and aliphatic dicarboxylic diacids in NMP using triphenyl phosphate（TPP） and pyridine as catalyst. The diamine and all the prepared polyamides were fully characterized by using FT-IR,¹H-NMR,UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorimetry and elemental analysis.The inherent viscosity of polyamides ranged from 0.45 dL/g to 0.68 dL/g.All the polymers exhibited solubility in common polar aprotic solvents such as NMP,DMAc,DMF,DMSO,pyridine,HMPA,and even in less polar solvents such as THF and m-cresol at room temperature.Thermal properties of polyamides were evaluated by means of DSC,DMTA and TGA.These polymers showed glass transition temperatures（T_g） in the range of 138-210℃. Their initial decomposition temperature（T_i） varied from 265℃to 310℃under N₂.The dilute solution（0.2 g/dL） of polyamides in DMF exhibited fluorescence emission withλ_max in the range of 470-550 nm.     

Permeation associated with three-phase-partitioning method on release of green fluorescent protein

Transformed cells of Escherichia coli expressing recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFPuv) were subjected to two methods of extraction: (1) freezing/thawing/sonication (FTS) cycles prior to the three-phase partitioning (TPP) method, or (2) directly to TPP extraction. The amount of GFPuv released by the FTS plus TPP method varied: 374μg/mL (first cycle), 93–442 μg/mL (second cycle), 32–359 μg/mL (third cycle), 18–115 μg/mL (fourth cycle). The GFPuv yields by the second method (TPP only) were, 23–54 μg/mL for the first extract and 33–91 μg/mL for the second. The FTS plus TPP method released similar amounts of GFPuv to that extracted by TPP; and provided a better mixture elution through the hydrophobic interaction column: 13–63 μg/mL for FTS plus TPP methods, and 2.5–13 μg/mL for TPP. The results showed that although selective permeation is a more laborious methodology, it was more efficient for obtaining of GFPuv in relation to the direct extraction of the cells for TPP.     

Tripolyphosphate-sensitive egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes incorporating hydrophobically modified poly(ethylene imine)

Liposomes, which release their contents in answer to tripolyphosphate (TPP, a penta-anion), were prepared by immobilizing hydrophobically modified poly(ethylene imine) (HmPEI) on the surface of egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) liposome. HmPEI was prepared by covalently attaching decanoyl chloride to PEI through a condensation reaction. According to the ¹H NMR spectrum, the number of decanoyl chloride per one molecule of PEI was about 21, and HmPEI was air/water interface-active. HmPEI could readily complex with TPP in HEPES buffer (30 mM, pH 7.0), confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared spectrophotometer spectroscopy. The complexation increased with increasing the concentration of HmPEI and TPP, investigated through the measurement of optical density and light scattering intensity. Liposomes incorporating HmPEI were prepared by a film hydration and sonication method. The liposomes were multi-lamellar vesicles, observed on transmission electron microscope. Liposomes free of HmPEI did not release calcien when they were mixed with TPP. Liposomes whose egg PC/HmPEI was relatively low (e.g., 20:1 and 20:2) released calcein but not extensively (less than 10%) when mixed with TPP. Liposomes whose egg PC/HmPEI was relatively high (e.g., 20:4 and 20:20) released calcein extensively. For example, when the liposomes with lager amount of HmPEI were mixed with TPP so that HmPEI/TPP weight ratio was 8:1, the release degree in 60 sec was more than 70%. HmPEI can complex with TPP through electrostatic interaction and the complexation was thought to cause perturbation in the liposomal membranes and trigger the release.     

有机化合物PDBP的合成及其在催人反应中的应用

用量子化学AM1方法优化了1－苯基二苯并膦（PDBP）和三苯基膦（TPP）的几何构型,比较了两种化合物的电子结构和空间结构,发现PDBP作为羧基合成铑膦催化剂的配体要优于三苯基膦（TPP）;系统研究了PDBP的合成方法,其最佳合成条件为：在无水无氧的条件下,采用二乙胺锂与溴化四苯基膦摩尔比为3,反应温度为22℃,反应5h,反应后酸化,pH值为1－2,产物收率可达到85％－88％,采用元素分析、红外、核磁等方法,对其结果进行了表征,并将PDBP用于丙烯氢甲酰化反应的催化剂配体。实验证明,在相同的反应条件下,以其为配体的催化剂活性约是目前工业上使用的以三苯基膦为配体的催化剂的1．2倍,选择性约为其1．7倍。