基于挥发性组分的气相色谱指纹图谱评价沉香化气片质量

建立了沉香化气片的气相色谱指纹图谱,并结合化学模式识别评价20批沉香化气片的质量。乙醇超声提取20批沉香化气片的挥发性成分,以正十八烷为内标,分析了3个主要组分的含量,且以内标计算其他各组分的相对峰面积,建立了沉香化气片的气相色谱指纹图谱,确定了11个共有峰,得到了各批次样品的相似度,并通过气相色谱-质谱法和对照品比对对10个共有峰进行了指认。将获得的峰面积指纹图谱采用系统聚类分析和主成分分析进行化学模式识别研究,实现了不同批次沉香化气片的区分,发现了造成不同批次样品差异的主要标记物。该方法有效且综合性强,为科学评价与有效控制沉香化气片的质量提供了可靠的参考。     

基于化学识别模式的蒲公英指纹图谱的研究

建立蒲公英药材的指纹图谱,以中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价软件(2012年版)确定共有峰及其归属,采用化学模式识别初步筛选其质量控制的4个指标性成分。结果表明,蒲公英药材的HPLC指纹图谱共标定出27个共有峰,并指认出其中14个色谱峰,15批蒲公英药材的相似度均0.93,且化学模式识别的结果具有相似性。本文建立的方法可应用于蒲公英药材的质量评价和其产地识别,为蒲公英药材质量控制与资源开发提供参考。     

高效液相色谱指纹图谱及随机森林应用于湖南安化黑茶水溶性成分的研究

建立了适用于湖南安化黑茶的高效液相色谱指纹图谱分析方法。样品用水在90℃恒温水浴中浸提20min,以C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,检测波长为270nm,流速为1.0 m L/min,黑茶的各种组分得到较好分离,共确定18个色谱峰作为安化黑茶的特征指纹峰,并通过对照品分析对其中12个峰进行确证。运用相似度评价、主成分分析、正交偏最小方差判别分析(Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)和随机森林法对78个黑茶样品指纹图谱进行了化学模式识别研究和变量重要性判定。结果表明联合指纹图谱分析法和随机森林法可有效区分湖南安化黑茶和其他产地的黑茶。该方法操作简单,精密度、稳定性和重现性良好,为安化黑茶的鉴别和质量控制提供了实验依据。     

基于高效液相色谱指纹图谱的不同产地不同采摘期昆仑雪菊的化学模式识别及抗氧化谱效关系探究

干燥、粉碎10批不同产地、不同采摘期的昆仑雪菊样品,分取0.2 g,用60%(体积分数)甲醇溶液50 mL超声提取30 min,过0.45μm滤膜,所得溶液(质量浓度为4 000 mg·L^-1)进入高效液相色谱仪,其中各组分在Agilent HC-C₁₈色谱柱上用不同体积比的0.4%(体积分数)乙酸溶液和乙腈的混合溶液进行梯度洗脱分离,在285 nm波长下检测。以中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统建立指纹图谱,筛选共有组分并进行相似度评价。对绿原酸进行方法学考察,并以绿原酸为参照计算各共有组分的含量。以聚类分析和主成分分析等化学模式识别法对不同产地、不同采摘期的样品进行分类。分别采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除法测定10批样品的抗氧化活性,以灰色关联分析法建立共有组分峰面积数据和抗氧化活性的谱效关系。结果显示：10批样品指纹图谱以及它们与对照指纹图谱之间的相似度均大于0.900,共有组分有24个;两种化学模式识别法均将样品分为4类,推测分类结果和产地、采摘...     

山蜡梅叶颗粒的高效液相色谱指纹图谱定性及定量分析

应用高效液相色谱法建立可同时对山蜡梅叶颗粒进行鉴别和有效成分含量测定的色谱指纹图谱。以Cosmosil C18色谱柱为分离柱,甲醇与甲酸混合溶液进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为365 nm。成分芦丁、槲皮素和山奈素的质量浓度均与峰面积呈线性关系,线性范围分别为4.6~110.4,1.0~24.0,1.5~36.0 mg.L-1。运用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统2004版进行分析,20批样品平均相似度为95%以上。颗粒剂中三个成分的含量分别为芦丁含量(130±20)μg.g-1,槲皮素含量(35±10)μg.g-1,山奈素含量(60±10)μg.g-1。建立的山蜡梅叶颗粒的色谱指纹图谱,为质量控制提供新方法。     

山东不同产地丹参的HPLC指纹图谱-化学模式识别研究

建立RPHPLC指纹图谱-化学模式识别评价丹参质量的方法.利用RPHPLC法测定不同产地丹参药材的指纹图谱及丹参酮ⅡAt和丹参酮的含量,采用主成分分析、系统聚类分析和逐步判别分析对指纹图谱信息进行化学模式识别研究.在主成分分析的基础上,以前4个主成分为聚类分析的指标进行系统聚类分析,取阈值为8时,所有样品可被分为4类;并建立了相应的判别函数,回判准确率100%;以此为依据,初步建立了丹参化学模式识别的评价方法.     

淫羊藿属药材反相高效液相色谱指纹图谱及质量评估研究

用一种新的多台阶梯度洗脱的反相高效液相色谱(RPLC)法, 首次建立了秦岭山区产4种产地及亚属均不相同的淫羊藿属药材的由9种成分组成的色谱指纹图谱. 并以淫羊藿甙为内标作为相对标准, 对其质量进行了评估. 然而, 因其产地和亚属的不同, 指纹图谱又各有特征, 发现产地不同的两种淫羊藿亚属, 箭叶淫羊藿的RPLC指纹图谱由12个色谱峰组成. 还提出用相对含量比较法对各种类淫羊藿中9种成分的含量进行了质量评价. 本工作所建立的淫羊藿属药材的RPLC指纹图谱法从试样提取的精密度、稳定性、图谱重复性等方面均符合《中药注射剂指纹图谱研究的技术要求(暂行)》中的有关规定. 该方法具有重现性好, 特征性强, 方法简便、快速等特点, 有可能成为淫羊藿药材种属判断、质量评估的标准, 也会对未来开发淫羊藿中其他有效成分提供科学的依据.     

宁夏枸杞甜菜碱提取物高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

建立宁夏枸杞甜菜碱提取物高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为鉴别不同来源的宁夏枸杞提供依据。以10批宁夏不同产地的宁夏枸杞主栽品种"宁杞Ⅰ号"样品建立枸杞甜菜碱提取物指纹图谱共有模式,采用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统"软件进行数据处理,对15批不同来源的枸杞样品进行了分析。结果表明:8个特征峰构成了宁夏枸杞甜菜碱提取物的色谱指纹图谱,不同产地、不同品种的枸杞样品甜菜碱提取物指纹图谱存在差异;建立的枸杞甜菜碱提取物高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱对不同产地、不同品种枸杞的鉴别有参考价值。     

化学计量学用于决明子色谱指纹图谱峰纯度的鉴别

应用化学计量学方法鉴别色谱指纹图谱的峰纯度。对背景进行扣除后,用对照组分光谱构建正交投影矩阵对目标色谱峰的光谱进行投影,以目标色谱峰投影后的残余光谱与投影前的原始光谱的夹角余弦为判据鉴别目标色谱峰的峰纯度：用该方法对决明子药材色谱指纹图谱的峰纯度进行识别,鉴别出大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚三个纯色谱峰。此方法用于色谱指纹图谱峰纯度的鉴别,结果可靠。     

基于化学指纹图谱和抗血小板聚集效价的丹参质量评价

通过化学分析和生物活性评价考察丹参药材的品质差异,探讨丹参抗血小板聚集生物活性的主要贡献成分.采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术建立丹参药材HPLC指纹图谱,以抗血小板聚集相对效价作为指标,评价不同产地不同批次丹参药材的品质差异,构建基于化学表征及生物效价测定的评价模式.结果表明,不同批次丹参药材的HPLC指纹图谱相似度很高(相似度0.930~0.998),而其抗血小板聚集相对效价相差10倍,提示化学指纹图谱难以反映丹参的活性和质量差异.通过化学指纹图谱与抗血小板聚集生物效价进行谱效相关分析,筛选出与生物活性相关系数大于0.5的6个色谱峰:二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮ⅡA及2个未知化合物.对上述4种已知化合物单体进行活性验证发现,隐丹参酮的抗血小板聚集活性最强,而其它3种丹参酮类化合物几乎没有体外抗血小板聚集活性.进一步比较丹参中高含量成分丹酚酸B与低含量成分隐丹参酮的活性贡献,结果表明,两者的活性贡献基本相当,说明隐丹参酮是丹参中低含量高活性成分,对评价丹参质量具有重要贡献度.     

Fingerprint Analysis of Euonymus alatus (Thuhb) siebold by LC–DAD and LC–ESI–MS

A liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was first developed for a chemical fingerprint analysis of Euonymus alatus (Thuhb) siebold (EAS) and rapid identification of major compounds in the fingerprints. Fingerprint profiles were found to be consistent for the herbs acquired from different locations, but the relative abundance of peaks was varied. Twelve peaks were chosen as the common peaks. Quercetin and rutin were detected by comparing the retention times, MS and UV spectra with the standards. The relative retention time and relative peak area of the 12 peaks in the fingerprint were calculated by setting the quercetin as the reference peak. The experimental data were used for similarity calculation and hierarchical clustering analysis. By comparing the UV and MS spectra data with those of the authentic standards and literature, five main peaks in the fingerprints were identified. Finally, five medicinal portions of the herb (leaf, fruit, stem, pterygium and root) were also analyzed by this method. It was found that there were similar chemical components in different parts of this herb but the contents were very different. The developed fingerprint assay was specific and could be readily utilized for comprehensive evaluation of EAS, as well as to distinguish different medicinal portions.     

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography fingerprinting combined with chemometrics as an efficient strategy for evaluating the quality consistency and predicting the antioxidant activity of Lianqiao Baidu pills

An approach combining micellar electrokinetic chromatography fingerprinting with chemometrics was developed to evaluate the quality consistency of Lianqiao Baidu pills, which are traditional Chinese patent medicines composed of 19 herbs used mainly to treat skin ulcers, common cold, rheumatism, herpes, and constipation. The triangle optimization method was employed to choose a satisfactory background electrolyte, with the information index, I , as an objective function for assessing the capillary electrophoresis conditions. Then, under the optimal conditions, the micellar electrokinetic chromatography fingerprints of 28 batches of samples were established, and five marker compounds were quantitatively determined simultaneously. A limited‐ratio quantified fingerprint method was introduced to evaluate the chromatographic fingerprints both qualitatively and quantitatively. Principle component analysis revealed that the 28 batches of samples can be clustered according to different manufacturers. Moreover, the relationship between the fingerprint and the antioxidant activity was explored by orthogonal partial least‐squares regression, which provided critical medicinal efficacy information for quality control. The present study establishes a powerful and reliable method for monitoring the quality consistency of Lianqiao Baidu pill.     

基于超高效液相色谱-紫外检测定量指纹图谱结合化学模式识别的复方金钱草颗粒质量评价

复方金钱草颗粒具有利尿、抑制泌尿系结石形成、抗炎、抗氧化作用,且具有较大的市场需求。因此,采用超高效液相色谱-紫外检测(UPLC-UV)法建立定量指纹图谱,并结合化学模式识别技术对不同年份的复方金钱草颗粒进行质量评价,可为其质量控制提供依据。采用聚类分析(HCA)和主成分分析(PCA)等化学模式识别技术对35批复方金钱草颗粒样品的指纹图谱数据进行分析,筛选出质量差异标志物芒果苷和异芒果苷,并对二者进行含量测定。在复方金钱草颗粒指纹图谱中共指认出12个共有峰,且35批样品的相似度均在0.952以上。在HCA中,将35批样品分为了两类,其中2018年和2019年的样品为一类,2020年和2021年的样品为一类。此外,PCA结果显示了与聚类分析相同的聚类趋势。在此基础上,进一步通过正交偏最小二乘法分析 (OPLS-DA)筛选出了导致2018年、2019年与2020年、2021年的样品产生差异的差异标志物芒果苷和异芒果苷。以两个差异标志物芒果苷和异芒果苷为指标进行含量测定,结果显示色谱峰的分离度良好,线性关系良好,平均加标回收率分别为101.7%~105.6%和103.4%~105.5%,且相对标准偏差(RSD)均低于1.43%。在35批样品中,2020年、2021年的样品与2018年、2019年的样品相比,芒果苷与异芒果苷含量更高且波动范围更小。该研究建立了准确、可靠的复方金钱草颗粒质控方法,实现了对不同年份的复方金钱草颗粒样品合理、有效的质量评价,可为建立更系统、更全面的质量控制标准提供借鉴与参考。     

Quality assessment of Fructus xanthii based on fingerprinting using high-performance liquid chromatography

Because almost every traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a multicomponent system, QC of TCMs always involves various difficulties. As a current popular quality assessment approach, focusing on qualitative and quantitative analysis of certain compounds contained in herbal medicine has been widely used for the sake of expediency rather than being a practical and realistic way. However, this method does not take the existence of other constituents into account. Comparatively, the chromatographic fingerprint of the components is a more suitable approach to holistically assess the quality of herbal drugs. Fructus xanthii is a well-known herbal drug listed in all editions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, there is no quality evaluation method given in its monograph, even for the above-mentioned expediency. This paper reports an HPLC fingerprinting method for quality evaluation of F. xanthii. The HPLC profiles of 27 batches of commercial samples were further analyzed using chemometric methods, including similarity evaluation and principal component analysis. As a result, the established HPLC fingerprint contained 23 characteristic peaks; therein, 13 peaks were unambiguously assigned by comparing their retention times and UV spectra with those of reference compounds, and five peaks were tentatively identified on the basis of their MS/MS fragmentation patterns and UV spectra. Moreover, it could be clearly observed that caffeoylquinic acid and its analogs predominate in F. xanthii. Except for three samples identified as outliers, 24 other commercial samples displayed similar HPLC profiles, indicating that the quality of the herbs from different markets is stable and consistent.     

Establishment of GC-MS fingerprint of fresh Houttuynia cordata

Fresh Houttuynia cordata THUNB. is a Chinese materia medica generally used in Chinese medicine therapy. It possesses the actions of clearing heat, eliminating toxins, reducing swelling, discharging pus and relieving stagnation. However, dry H. cordata has traditionally been used in clinical application instead of the fresh counterpart. In this paper, the chemical profiles of H. cordata were established using fingerprinting techniques. A modified GC-MS method was developed in the comparison of fingerprints among fresh and dry herbs of H. cordata. It was shown that the varieties, as well as relative levels of chemical components, in the fresh herb were more abundant than in the dry counterpart. Fingerprinting profiles were found to be consistent for fresh herbs acquired from various production areas, but the relative abundance of peaks were varied. Besides, the chemical components among different medicinal portions of fresh herbs were found to be inconsistent. The developed fingerprint can be successfully applied to distinguish between fresh and dry herbs, as well as determining differentiation among different medicinal portions.     

Quality assessment of cortex cinnamomi by HPLC chemical fingerprint, principle component analysis and cluster analysis

HPLC fingerprint analysis, principle component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis were introduced for quality assessment of Cortex cinnamomi (CC). The fingerprint of CC was developed and validated by analyzing 30 samples of CC from different species and geographic locations. Seventeen chromatographic peaks were selected as characteristic peaks and their relative peak areas (RPA) were calculated for quantitative expression of the HPLC fingerprints. The correlation coefficients of similarity in chromatograms were higher than 0.95 for the same species while much lower than 0.6 for different species. Besides, two principal components (PCs) have been extracted by PCA. PC1 separated Cinnamomum cassia from other species, capturing 56.75% of variance while PC2 contributed for their further separation, capturing 19.08% variance. The scores of the samples showed that the samples could be clustered reasonably into different groups corresponding to different species and different regions. The scores and loading plots together revealed different chemical properties of each group clearly. The cluster analysis confirmed the results of PCA analysis. Therefore, HPLC fingerprint in combination with chemometric techniques provide a very flexible and reliable method for quality assessment of traditional Chinese medicines.     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法同时测定舒血宁注射剂中20种黄酮醇苷与萜类内酯成分

建立了舒血宁注射剂中16种黄酮及4种萜类内酯同时定量的超高效液相色谱-质谱分析方法,并采用所建立的方法同时测定了不同厂家舒血宁注射剂产品中上述20种化合物的含量。注射剂样品经甲醇-水(体积比1∶1)稀释后,在Acquity UPLC BEH Shield RP18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱上分析,以0.1%(体积分数)甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,以电喷雾离子源负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱监测。结果表明:20种化合物可在10 min内完成色谱分离分析,检出限和定量下限分别为0.02~1.59 ng/mL和0.07~5.30 ng/mL,16种黄酮及4种萜类内酯在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,在低、中、高3个加标水平下的回收率为85.9%~109%。该方法前处理简单、快速高效、准确性高,为舒血宁注射剂的质量控制提供了参考。     

A multi-evaluating strategy for raw and processed Veratrum nigrum L.: Fingerprinting combined with quantitative analysis based on multivariate chemometric methods

Veratrum nigrum L. (VN) is a well-known herbal medicine and rich in chemical components with multiple pharmacological activities including antihypertensive, anticancer, and antifungal effects. In the current experiment, the quality of VN from different habitats was evaluated based on combinative method of fingerprint, multi-component quantification and chemical pattern recognition. Fifteen batches of VN were collected, and intrinsic chemical composition were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which is a method for analyzing the similarity between samples, coupled with fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine. The fingerprint similarity model show that 22 common peaks were selected covering 15 batches of and the similarity > 0.963. The total of 22 joint components were tentatively identified by comparison with standard substances or literature. A ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of 8 compounds was established to evaluate the contents of raw and processed Veratrum nigrum L. Multivariate analysis was then applied to compare different batches of herbs based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry data. All raw and processed samples were classified by partial least squares discriminant analysis based on the 8 analyzed compounds. The findings suggested that veratramine and polydatin with a variable importance for the project (VIP) > 1 were identified as significant constituents, the presence of which can be used to differentiate between raw and processed Veratrum nigrum L. samples. These results indicate that processing methods show important effects on the composition of Veratrum nigrum L..     

基于人工智能-多元多息指纹图谱探索中药一法通识品种鉴定新方法

该文建立了一种基于中药多元多息指纹图谱联合人工智能识别的中药一法通识品种鉴定新方法,方法先通过对同一味药材采用不同处理手段得到具有不同性质的化学成分信息,并构建一种集反相色谱法、亲水色谱法以及分子排阻色谱法为一体的具有普适性的多元多息指纹图谱采集方式,实现了药材中小极性小分子、大极性小分子及大分子类化合物的全面表征,再对采集的多元多息指纹图谱进行数据标准化处理,采用卷积神经网络识别不同品种中药材,获得了准确率达92%的识别模型。该方法能够对中药品种进行快速、准确、高效地鉴定,克服了传统中药品种鉴别中的主观色彩,能够更加客观精准地给出鉴定结果。