葛花中异黄酮类化学成分的RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS研究

采用快速分离液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱联用(RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS)技术对葛花中的异黄酮类成分进行了研究, 得到了相应化合物的保留时间、 分子量及结构信息. 研究结果表明, 葛花水提取液的主要成分为异黄酮类及其苷类化合物, 并含有皂苷类和酚类化合物. 在葛花中首次发现同属植物狐尾葛特有化合物Alopecuroides A和葛根中的化合物3'-甲氧基大豆苷元-7-O-甲醚. 讨论了异黄酮类化合物的质谱碎裂途径及规律.     

液相色谱/四极杆-飞行时间质谱法筛查奶酪中29种禁用和限用合成色素

建立了奶酪样品中29种禁用和限用合成色素的液相色谱/四极杆-飞行时间质谱(LC/Q-TOF MS)筛查方法。样品经正己烷-水(3:1, v/v)振荡提取,得到正己烷层、水层和残渣3部分。正己烷层经旋转蒸发浓缩后,用乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1:1, v/v)溶解,经过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化去除油脂。水层经乙腈振荡提取,得到乙腈-水提取液。残渣经氨水-甲醇(1:99, v/v)溶液振荡提取,得到氨水-甲醇提取液。乙腈-水提取液和氨水-甲醇提取液不需净化直接分析。结果表明: 29种不同极性范围的合成色素化合物分别得到了有效的提取,提取回收率为70%～95%。而Q-TOF MS提供的精确质量数定性功能可以将不同种类的合成色素化合物筛查出来,各化合物与精确质量质谱库中化合物的匹配度为59.66～99.47。通过Target MS/MS扫描方式进行定量,得到8种苏丹类化合物的方法检出限为0.4～2.5 μg/kg, 21种水溶性合成色素及染料化合物的检出限为20～80 μg/kg。该方法对禁用和限用合成色素的筛查范围广泛,对含有蛋白质、脂肪等基质的食品具有较好的适用性。     

顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用分析桂花和叶中挥发性成分

采用谱库检索结合准确质量测定、保留指数、串联质谱技术的多维定性分析策略鉴定化合物, 能够提高定性分析的效率和准确性. 运用顶空-气相色谱-四极质谱、顶空-气相色谱-飞行时间质谱以及顶空-气相色谱-串联质谱联用技术对桂花样品进行了分析检测, 并采用多维定性分析思路对检出的挥发性成分进行了鉴定. 结果共确认出47种挥发性成分, 其中单萜类和倍半萜类化合物为主要组分. 该定性分析策略准确可靠, 可以广泛应用于复杂样品挥发性成分的定性分析中.     

大叶桉叶挥发油的化学成分研究

用挥发油提取器提取大叶桉干叶中的挥发油,利用色质联用(GC/MS)产生的双线性数据,藉化学计量学分辨方法,得到了各组分的纯物质色谱峰和质谱图。根据色谱保留时间,同时利用解析所得的纯物质质谱图在NIST质谱数据库进行相似检索来对各个组分进行定性分析;采用色谱峰面积归一法计算各化合物的相对含量。共分离了113个化合物,鉴定了其中90个,占总挥发油的93.28%。主要为萜类、萜醇类等化合物,还成功地检测出一些色谱分离不完全和低含量的组分。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法分析全氟酰氟

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC/MS)对电化学氟化法生产的全氟环己烷酰氟产品中主要产物全氟酰氟进行了检测。在60℃下,采用甲醇对全氟环己烷酰氟产品进行甲酯化处理。考察了不同长度,极性及膜厚的毛细管色谱柱的分离效果。以KB-1MS毛细管色谱柱(90 m×0.25 mm×1.0μm)为分离柱,采用GC/MS法对全氟酰氟组成进行了定性与定量分析;结合有机质谱学裂解规律,分别对环状全氟羧酸甲酯、饱和直链全氟羧酸甲酯和单不饱和脂肪酸甲酯的裂解方式和质谱特征进行了分析归纳。通过质谱数据库检索、标准品对照及已知全氟化合物的质谱信息分析,共鉴定出5种全氟酰氟,其中包括两种异构体;测得全氟环己烷酰氟约占总全氟酰氟含量的65%。     

高分辨质谱-非信息依赖数据采集-后靶向筛查策略在不明原因食物中毒鉴定中的应用

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-QTOF MS/MS)技术,建立了高分辨质谱-非信息依赖数据采集-后靶向筛查策略(HRMS-DIA-Post targeted screening strategy),并成功应用于不明原因食物中毒患者呕吐物及粪便样本中的有毒化合物筛查鉴定。样品经溶剂提取与净化后,采用5 mmol/L甲酸铵-水(A)和0.1%甲酸-乙腈(B)作为流动相,在反相色谱柱上进行梯度洗脱。采用MS~E模式对样品进行质谱(ESI+)全信息采集,经UNIFI筛查软件进行谱峰识别、谱库检索等数据分析,初筛出疑似有毒化合物α-茄碱,随后结合其化合物特征及体内代谢行为,采用后靶向筛查策略在两种样品中均鉴定出相关化合物(包括水解产物及代谢产物等),如α-卡茄碱与其水解产物β-卡茄碱、γ-茄碱/卡茄碱以及共同代谢产物茄啶。采用单点校正法测得两种样品中α-茄碱含量均约为0.1 mg/kg,采用峰面积归一化法得到两种样品中龙葵素类似物总量分别约为0.5 mg/kg与0.6 mg/kg。本研究建立的高分辨质谱快速筛查策略可为不明原因食物中毒的未知毒物快速筛查鉴定提供有效的技术手段。     

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS法分析栾樨叶的化学成分北大核心CSCD

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)对栾樨叶的化学成分进行定性分析。栾樨叶提取液经Waters UPLC BEH C_(18)柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,正、负离子模式下采集得到基峰色谱图。通过质谱数据库、化合物质谱裂解规律,并结合相关文献及对照品的保留时间与质谱信息,从栾樨叶中共鉴别出52个化学成分,包括2个香豆素类,15个黄酮类,16个苯丙素类,5个生物碱类,5个脂肪酸类,3个有机酸类,3个氨基酸类,1个酚酸类和2个其他类化合物,其中23个成分为栾樨叶中首次报道,11个化合物经对照品验证。该方法准确、可靠、高效,适用于栾樨叶化学成分的快速鉴定,可为栾樨叶的药效机制研究及临床应用提供依据。     

基于气相色谱-质谱联用与液相色谱-质谱联用的非靶向代谢组学用于3类茶叶中化学成分分析（英文）

茶叶中的化学成分是构成其风味特征的物质基础。本研究建立了基于气相色谱-质谱联用和液相色谱-质谱联用的非靶向代谢组学方法。完成预处理及分析条件优化后,使用标准样品考察方法的线性、回收率及重复性,结果表明方法整体稳定且结果可靠。将该方法用于绿茶、乌龙茶和红茶中化学成分的分析。通过超声辅助溶剂提取及气相色谱-质谱联用分析共获得1812个特征峰,而使用加热溶剂提取及液相色谱-质谱联用分析可获得2608个特征峰。结合保留规律及质谱数据库,共定性173种化合物(109种随后经标准样品验证),其中只有9种化合物在上述两类分析中被同时检出,表明方法互补性良好。3类茶叶数据的偏最小二乘判别分析结果表明,三者间存在显著差异。结合模型的变量重要因子(VIP)与非参数检验共筛选出90种化合物,其中包含儿茶素、氨基酸、糖、有机酸和黄酮苷类等众多与茶叶滋味密切相关的化学成分。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法分离鉴定烟草中5种糖苷类香味前体物质

采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法(UPLC-ESI MS/MS)并结合气相色谱-质谱法分离鉴定了烟草中5种主要的糖苷类香味前体物质。烟样经甲醇提取、XAD-2柱净化,得到初步纯化的糖苷,在pH 5条件下将其酶解,释放出糖苷配基。采用气相色谱-质谱分析并通过标准谱库检索确定了5种挥发性苷元;然后通过电喷雾质谱(负离子模式)确定糖苷母离子并作碎片离子扫描(MS2),确定了5种糖苷类香味前体物质的存在形式;最后采用UPLC-ESI MS/MS,以甲醇和乙酸-乙酸铵水溶液为流动相,通过RP-C18柱分离,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下,鉴定了烟草中5种主要的糖苷类香味前体物质,为应用液相色谱-质谱分析缺乏标准样品的糖苷类香味前体物质奠定了基础。     

基于UHPLC-Q-TOF MS结合分子网络技术快速分析荷叶中生物碱类成分

该研究采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱（UHPLC-Q-TOF MS）和分子网络整合技术,快速分析和鉴定了荷叶中的生物碱类化学成分。采用Acquity UPLC HSS T3色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm）,以0.1%甲酸水和0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,在正离子模式下采集质谱数据信息。将经格式转换后的荷叶提取物二级质谱数据上传至全球天然产物社会分子网络（GNPS）平台计算分析,借助Cytoscape 3.6. 1软件构建可视化分子网络,获得了单苄基异喹啉类、双苄基异喹啉类和阿朴啡类生物碱类型的粒子簇。根据对照品、色谱保留时间、特征碎片离子、MS/MS裂解规律和文献报道等信息,从荷叶中共鉴定和推测57种生物碱类成分,包括27个单苄基异喹啉类、2个双苄基异喹啉类、25个阿朴啡类和3个其他类生物碱,其中19个成分为潜在新化合物,30个成分在荷叶中首次报道。该方法快速、准确,可为荷叶的药效物质基础研究提供参考,为中药化学成分的快速定性分析提供借鉴。     

Sequence dependent fragmentation of peptides generated by MALDI quadrupole time-of-flight (MALDI Q-TOF) mass spectrometry and its implications for protein identification

A study has been undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of MALDI Q-TOF data for protein identification. The comparison of MS data of protein digests obtained on a conventional MALDI TOF instrument to the MS data from the MALDI Q-TOF reveal peptide patterns with similar intensity ratios. However, comparison of MS/MS Q-TOF data produced by nanoelectrospray versus MALDI reveals striking differences. Peptide fragment ions obtained from doubly charged precursors produced by nanoelectrospray are mainly y-type ions with some b-ions in the lower mass range. In contrast, peptide fragment ions produced from the singly charged ions originating from the MALDI source are a mixture of y-, b- and a-ions accompanied by ions resulting from neutral loss of ammonia or water. The ratio and intensity of these fragment ions is found to be strongly sequence dependent for MALDI generated ions. The singly charged peptides generated by MALDI show a preferential cleavage of the C-terminal bond of acidic residues aspartic and glutamic acid and the N-terminal bond of proline. This preferential cleavage can be explained by the mobile proton model and is present in peptides that contain both arginine and an acidic amino acid. The MALDI Q-TOF MS/MS data of 24 out of 26 proteolytic peptides produced by trypsin or Asp-N digestions were successfully used for protein identification via database searching, thus indicating the general usefulness of the data for protein identification. De novo sequencing using a mixture of 160/18O water during digestion has been explored and de novo sequences for a number of peptides have been obtained.     

An improved pseudotargeted metabolomics approach using multiple ion monitoring with time-staggered ion lists based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Pseudotargeted metabolomics is a novel strategy integrating the advantages of both untargeted and targeted methods. The conventional pseudotargeted metabolomics required two MS instruments, i.e., ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time- of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF MS) and UHPLC/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QQQ-MS), which makes method transformation inevitable. Furthermore, the picking of ion pairs from thousands of candidates and the swapping of the data between two instruments are the most labor-intensive steps, which greatly limit its application in metabolomic analysis. In the present study, we proposed an improved pseudotargeted metabolomics method that could be achieved on an UHPLC/Q-TOF/MS instrument operated in the multiple ion monitoring (MIM) mode with time-staggered ion lists (tsMIM). Full scan-based untargeted analysis was applied to extract the target ions. After peak alignment and ion fusion, a stepwise ion picking procedure was used to generate the ion lists for subsequent single MIM and tsMIM. The UHPLC/Q-TOF tsMIM MS-based pseudotargeted approach exhibited better repeatability and a wider linear range than the UHPLC/Q-TOF MS-based untargeted metabolomics method. Compared to the single MIM mode, the tsMIM significantly increased the coverage of the metabolites detected. The newly developed method was successfully applied to discover plasma biomarkers for alcohol-induced liver injury in mice, which indicated its practicability and great potential in future metabolomics studies.     

超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查和确证凉茶中167种非法添加药物

基于质谱数据库,建立了超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS)快速筛查和确证凉茶中167种非法添加药物的方法.通过调研,选定了解热镇痛药、糖皮质激素、抗菌药、抗组胺药等167种药物,并利用Orbitrap HRMS和TraceFinder软件采集和记录每种药物的信息,建立高分辨质...     

Rapid separation and characterization of comprehensive ingredients in Yangxinshi tablet and rat plasma by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole-time of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS) was widely used in identification of complex ingredients in traditional Chinese herbs and herbal medicinal preparations for its excellent performance. Yangxinshi tablet, a Chinese compound herbal medicinal formula, has excellent efficacy for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but its active ingredients are unclear. In this study, a rapid and sensitive UHPLC–Q-TOF/MS and secondary mass spectrometry (MS²) method were developed to characterize the comprehensive ingredients in Yangxinshi tablet and rat plasma after drug administration. And finally a total of 178 constituents in the Yangxinshi tablet were identified effectively, and 39 parent molecules in rat plasma were rapidly characterized by matching the Yangxinshi tablet chemical library established by ourselves. Of which, seven groups of isomers were further distinguished according to their MS² spectra and fragmentation ions. Furthermore, 31 metabolites in the rat plasma were specified and elucidated according to their typical fragmentation ions, and their main metabolic pathways were hydration of phase I reaction and glucuronidation of phase II reaction. It is concluded that this established analysis method is rapid, specific, and practical, and these analysis results will provide help for further quality control and pharmacological study of Yangxinshi tablet.     

高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法鉴定水稻稻曲病菌毒素

建立了高效液相色谱-线性离子阱高分辨质谱(HPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS)鉴定稻曲球中5种稻曲病菌毒素的方法。样品匀浆后以水为提取剂超声提取10 min,混合阳离子交换柱PCX净化,采用Xselect HSS T3色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm)分离,以水(含0.1%(v/v)甲酸)和甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱。在m/z 200~1000范围内进行一级质谱全扫描,结合准分子离子峰的精确质量数和同位素相对丰度进行质谱分析。结果表明,鉴定到5种稻曲病菌毒素,质量准确度小于1×10^-6(1 ppm),同位素相对丰度偏差绝对值≤3.3%,二级质谱碎片离子与理论裂解一致,回收率为90%~105%。该方法简便,灵敏度高,定性准确,为稻曲病菌产毒能力等相关研究提供了技术手段。     

在线提取-高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速鉴定陈皮中黄酮类化合物

建立了简便、高效的在线提取-高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-四极杆飞行时间质谱法（OLE-HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS）快速提取和分离鉴定陈皮中黄酮类化合物。在线提取体系中,将填有陈皮粉末样品（2.0 mg）的固相萃取小柱取代样品环连接在手动进样阀上,样品直接被流动相提取并进入HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS系统分析,无需额外的样品前处理步骤。与传统的溶剂回流提取法相比,在线提取法具有较高的提取率。通过分析化合物的紫外谱图、色谱保留时间和质谱信息,共鉴定出24种黄酮类化合物,其中新圣草次苷、柠檬黄素-3-O-（3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸）-葡萄糖苷及其异构体首次在陈皮中报道。建立的方法为中药复杂体系中活性成分的快速分离鉴定提供了新的研究思路。     

Rapid automated screening, identification and quantification of organic micro-contaminants and their main transformation products in wastewater and river waters using liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry with an accurate-mass database

In this study we have developed and evaluated an analytical method for a rapid automated screening and confirmation of a large number of organic micro-contaminants (almost 400) and also the quantification of the positive findings in water samples of different types (surface and wastewaters) using liquid chromatography-electrospray quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOFMS) based on the use of an accurate-mass database. The created database includes data not only on the accurate masses of the target ions but also on the characteristic in-source fragment ions, isotopic pattern and retention time data. This customized database was linked to commercially available software which extracted all the potential compounds of interest from the LC-QTOFMS raw data of each sample and matched them against the database to search for targeted compounds in the sample. The detailed fragmentation information has also been used as a powerful tool for the automatic identification of unknown compounds and/or transformation products with similar structures to those of known organic contaminants included in the database. The database can be continually enlarged. To confirm identification of compounds which have no fragment ions (or fragments with low intensity/relative abundance) from in-source CID fragmentation or isomers which are not distinguished within full single mass spectra, a "Targeted MS/MS" method is developed. Thereafter, these compounds can be further analyzed using the collision energy (CE) in QTOF-MS/MS mode. Linearity and limits of detection were studied. Method detection limits (MDLs) in effluent wastewater and river waters were, in most cases, lowers or equal to 5 and 2 ng/L, respectively. Only 15 compounds had MDLs between 5 and 50 ng/L in effluent wastewater matrix. We obtained a linearity of the calibration curves over two orders of magnitude. The method has been applied to real samples and the results obtained reveal that most of the pharmaceutically active compounds contained in the created database were present in the water samples with concentrations in the range of ng/L and μg/L levels and in most of the samples between 2 and 15 pesticides of the 300 contained in the database were also detected. In addition to the compounds included in the database, some degradation products were found, thus revealing the method as a useful tool for the analysis of organic micro-contaminants in waters.     

Establishment of a UPLC-PDA/ESI-Q-TOF/MS-Based Approach for the Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Phenolic Compounds in Amaranth (A. cruentus and A. tricolor)

We used ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode-array detector and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA/ESI-Q-TOF/MS) to rapidly and accurately quantify 17 phenolic compounds. Then, we applied this method to the seed and leaf extracts of two Amaranthus species to identify and quantify phenolic compounds other than the 17 compounds mentioned above. Compounds were eluted within 30 min on a C18 column using a mobile phase (water and acetonitrile) containing 0.1% formic acid, and the specific wavelength and ion information of the compounds obtained by PDA and ESI-Q-TOF/MS were confirmed. The proposed method showed good linearity (r² > 0.990). Limits of detection and quantification were less than 0.1 and 0.1 μg/mL, respectively. Intra- and interday precision were less than 2.4% and 1.8%, respectively. Analysis of amaranth seed and leaf extracts using the established method showed that the seeds contained high amounts of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and kaempferol, and leaves contained diverse phenolic compounds. In addition, six tentatively new phenolic compounds were identified. Moreover, seeds potentially contained 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, a beneficial bioactive compound. Thus, our method was an efficient approach for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds, and could be used to investigate phenolic compounds in plants.     

Chemical identification and quality evaluation of Lycopus lucidus Turcz by UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS and HPLC‐MS/MS and hierarchical clustering analysis

Lycopus lucidus Turcz has been used as a traditional phytomedicine for menstrual disorder, amenorrhea, menstrual cramps, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. However, there is not enough information about identification and quantification for the chemical constituents of L. lucidus Turcz. In this work, a simple, rapid and sensitive UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS method was developed for characterization and identification of the phytochemical compositions in L. lucidus Turcz in negative ion mode. A total of 37 compounds, including 15 phenolic acids, 12 flavonoids, three triterpenoids and seven organic acids were tentatively characterized and identified by means of the retention time, accurate mass and characteristic fragment ions. Thirteen compounds were reported for the first time in L. lucidus Turcz. Among of them, 11 compounds were further quantified by multiple reactions monitoring. The results showed good performance with respect to linearity (r > 0.9959), repeatability (RSD < 2.6%), intra‐ and inter‐day precision (RSD < 3.2%), recovery (93.1–104.9%), and lower limit of quantification (5–50 ng/mL). Subsequently, the results were analyzed and classified by hierarchical cluster analysis. The research could be applied for identification and quality evaluation for L. lucidus Turcz.