有机膨润土的吸附性能研究

有机膨润土处理水中有机物的研究已有报道［1－4］，但尚无就改性所用的表面活性剂对有机膨润土吸附性能的影响及规律的系统研究，对有机膨润土与不同有机物间作用机理的报道也甚少［1］．本文用3种不同的阳离子表面活性剂改性膨润土，并从等温吸附线的特征和有机物的辛醇－水分配系数较系统地研究了有机膨润上对几种有机物的吸附性能和作用机理．1实验部分1．1材料原士为钠基膨润土，经测定其阳离子交换容量为7464meg／100g土；澳化十六烷基王甲铰（CTMAB）为分析纯，溪化十二烷基三甲铰（DTMAB，95％），演化十八烷基三甲按（OTMAB…     

气-液界面上十六烷基溴化吡啶水溶液动态表面张力的研究

滴体积法测定了十六烷基溴化吡啶溶液的动态表面张力。考察了浓度、温度对动态表面张力的影响。讨论了十六烷基溴化吡啶分子在气／液界面上的吸附动力学,发现吸附遵从扩散-动力学控制机理．从表观扩散系数计算了吸附能垒,分析了吸附能垒存在的原因。     

有机改性膨润土对水中钙黄绿素的吸附性能

在微波作用下用十六烷基溴化吡啶(CPB)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和盐酸萘乙二胺(NETH)对天然膨润土进行改性,制得了CPB-膨润土(CPB-Bt)、CTMAB-膨润土(CTMAB-Bt)和NETH-膨润土(NETH-Bt),并比较了它们对水中钙黄绿素的吸附性能.结果表明,在钙黄绿素浓度25 mg·L-1、...     

荧光桃红B在CTMAB上Langmuir吸附及阳离子表面活性剂测定新技术

在离子型表面活性剂溶液中 ,电荷均匀分布在分子长链并形成点静电场 ,容易吸附带异性电荷的探针色体。研究了利用微相吸附 光谱修正 (MPASC)技术分析溴化十六烷基三甲胺(CTMAB)与荧光桃红B(PB)的结合反应 ,并分析了表面活性剂在微量分析中的增效机理。结果表明 ,PB CTMAB作用符合Langmuir单分子层吸附 ,产物结合比为 2∶1,结合常数为 3.4 6× 10 5(15°) ,摩尔吸光系数 (5 6 5nm)ε =1.14× 10 5L·mol- 1·cm- 1,胶束聚集态 (PB2 CTMAB) 78,定量测定了样品中阳离子表面活性剂含量 ,结果良好     

DHAC改性膨润土对炼油碱渣废液的吸附机理探讨

以有机插层剂双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(DHAC),对新疆夏子街膨润土进行插层改性,制备DHAC改性膨润土。红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明,双烷基阳离子插层进入蒙脱石片层。X射线衍射(XRD)表明,DHAC改性膨润土片层间距为3．772 nm,为改性前的2．07倍,表明改性后蒙脱土片层间距增大。SEM分析观察, DHAC捕层改性后膨润土颗粒更加疏松,蒙脱石颗粒表面有明显的刻蚀痕迹。通过研究改性膨润土的吸附机理分析表明,DHAC改性膨润土在不同温度下的等温吸附模型符合Freundlich模型,且相关性较高。挥发酚在改性膨润土上的吸附焓值为-2．64 kJ／mol,属于物理吸附,且△Gθ<0,说明该吸附为自发的放热过程。室温下DHAC改性膨润土吸附挥发酚的动力学模型遵循Bingham和Langmuir速率方程。     

磷酸酯化改性梨渣吸附污水中Cu(Ⅱ)离子的研究

通过批次试验法研究了不同pH值、吸附剂浓度、试验物浓度和吸附时间条件下磷酸酯化改性梨渣对Cu(Ⅱ)离子的吸附.溶液pH=4.5时,Cu(Ⅱ)离子的吸附达到最大值;浓度为100 mg/L的Cu(Ⅱ)离子,15g/L及以上的改性梨渣能吸附62%Cu(Ⅱ)离子.酯化梨渣对Cu(Ⅱ)离子的吸附符合Langmuir等温模型,其最大吸附能力为20.16 mg/g.Cu(Ⅱ)离子达到吸附平衡的时间为loo min,准一级反应动力学方程可描述酯化梨渣对Cu(Ⅱ)离子的吸附过程.     

改性累托石吸附水溶液中苯酚的研究Ⅰ吸附条件的确定

用十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(1631)、十八烷基三甲基溴化铵(1831)3种表面活性荆改性天然累托石(REC)粘土，分别得到3种有机改性累托石：1227-REC、1631-REC和1831-REC．用有机改性累托石作吸附剂，对水溶液中的苯酚进行吸附研究，考察了pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量、温度等因素对吸附效果的影响．结果发现，在本文研究条件下，3种吸附剂对苯酚达到较理想吸附效果的合理条件是：pH值分别为6、8、8；吸附平衡时间分别需要90、20、40min；吸附剂用量均为20g/L；常温．在确定的合理条件下，去除率分别能达到66．2％、99．0％、99．8％。     

改性丝光沸石上甲醇胺化的研究─—水汽处理对沸石性能的影响

采用吡啶饱和中毒、ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ、静态吸附、ＩＲ、ＸＲＤ和分子探针反应等方法，研究了用于甲醇胺化反应的改性丝光沸石催化剂性质．结果发现，丝光沸石水汽处理脱铝后的孔道结构基本不变，晶胞的收缩和非骨架铝在孔道内的沉积，不足以严重限制甲醇胺化产物三甲胺在孔道内的进出；且在改性后，由于非骨架铝在孔道内的沉积，分子筛内表面的微环境发生了变化，致使有些活性位不利于三甲胺的吸附和生成，从而有利于进一步提高目的产物二甲胺的选择性．     

改性土壤对水中苄黄隆的吸附行为研究

研究了季铵盐阳离子表面活性荆四甲基铵离子(TMA)和十六烷基三甲基铵离子(HDTMA)改性的黄土l,黄土2，沉积物对水中苄黄隆的吸附作用．结果表明：改性后土壤对苄黄隆的吸附能力提高．同时考察了改性土壤对苄黄隆吸附的热力学行为．结果表明：HDTMA改性的土壤对苄黄隆的吸附等温线为线性，吸附类型以分配为主．HDTMA改性黄土1吸附热为-6．12kJ/mol，HDTMA改性黄土2的吸附热为-8．44kJ/mol。HDTMA改性沉积物的吸附热为-4．04kJ／mol．结合力以疏水作用力为主：TMA改性的土壤对苄黄隆的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程．考察了溶液pH对吸附量的影响．结果表明在酸性条件下．改性土壤的吸附能力较大．     

二甲苯蓝FF在阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲胺上的Langmuir吸附及应用

利用微相吸附 光谱修正 (MPASC)技术研究了溴化十六烷基三甲胺 (CTMAB)与二甲苯蓝FF(XCFF)的结合反应 ,分析表面活性剂在微量分析中的增效机理。结果表明 :XCFF CTMAB间作用符合Langmuir单分子层吸附 ,产物结合比 1∶1 ,胶束产物聚集形式 :(XCFF·CTMAB) 78;结合常数等于 1 .0 2× 1 0 5;摩尔吸收系数 (λ=43 0nm)ε=9.0 5× 1 0 5L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 。在阴离子表面活性剂存在下 ,聚集产物中XCFF灵敏脱附 ,籍此定量分析了实际样品中阴离子洗涤剂。回收率 93 .0 %～ 1 1 1 % ;RSD小于 5 .8%。     

三乙醇胺改性煤渣自水溶液中去除酚类化合物的特性研究

用三乙醇胺处理制得了改性煤渣，研究了酚类化合物在改性煤渣/水间的界面行为，并探讨了其吸附机理，结果表明：三乙醇胺处理后的改性煤渣对酚类化合物有较强的吸附能力，吸附速度快；常温下，受温度影响小，三乙醇胺处理后的改性煤渣对酚类化合物有较强的吸附能力，吸附速率快；常温下，受温度影响小；选择性不明显；呈现出以表面吸附及分配作用共存的吸附形式。     

Adsorption complexes ‘zeolite–cationic surfactant’: properties and surface activity in a polymer composite material based on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene

We investigated the adsorption of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to zeolite from premicellar and micellar solutions, as well as some properties of the organically modified zeolite surface and the nature of its interfacial interaction with ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in a UHMWPE-based polymer composite material (PCM). The formation mechanism of mono- and bimolecular adsorption layers of cetyltrimethylammonium cation and bromide anion to the clinoptilolite (Cli) surface was proposed, and the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of adsorption were determined. The surface texture of organically modified zeolite was studied by instrumental methods; the thermal stability limits of CTAB adsorption layers to zeolite surface and their decomposition behavior in inert and oxidizing media were established. The evaluation of the deformation and strength properties, the study of the supramolecular structure, and the calculation of the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the PCM crystallization process revealed that the filing with organically modified Cli increases the UHMWPE surface activity and improves their compatibility.     

Modified bentonite by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and quaternary ammonium salt and adsorption characteristics for dye

To remove methylene blue dye from water by adsorption, bentonites were modified by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and three kind of quaternary ammonium surfactants (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide) in aqueous solution. Systematic adsorption experiments were carried out, the adsorption mechanism was studied, and the factors governing the adsorption of methylene blue on modified bentonite were discussed. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue on all three modified bentonites in 1000 mg·L⁻¹ solutions quickly reached equilibrium within 2000 s, and the removal rate was basically 100%; however, the removal rate in raw bentonite samples was only 60%. The pseudo second-order kinetic model can provide satisfactory kinetic data fitting. The obtained adsorption isotherms fit well with the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model. The thermodynamic results showed that the adsorption process was a spontaneous endothermic physical adsorption process. With increasing pH and KCl concentration, the removal of methylene blue increased significantly. The results of this study confirmed that the modified bentonite is a candidate material as a cationic dye adsorbent.     

有机凹凸棒土对二氯苯酚的吸附研究

本研究采用超声法用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性凹凸棒土制得了有机凹凸棒土(HDTMA-凹凸棒土),并采用XRD和FT-IR对其结构进行了表征。通过吸附实验研究了HDTMA-凹凸棒土对水溶液中二氯苯酚的吸附性能和吸附机理。结果表明:经有机改性后,HDTMA+成功进入到凹凸棒土的层间,HDTMA-凹凸棒土对二氯苯酚的吸附量比未改性凹凸棒土增大了近20倍。Freundlich方程能够较好的描述吸附等温线。二氯苯酚在HDTMA-凹凸棒土上主要是焓推动为主的物理吸附过程,且吸附过程放热。     

Adsorption of phenol onto surfactants modified bentonite

Bentonite was modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide or bencylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride. Phenol adsorption kinetic and isotherms experiments were performed; in both cases, phenol was determined in the aqueous solutions by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that the adsorption of phenol depends on the kind of surfactant, and pH of the solutions. The adsorption was higher for the clay modified with bencylcetyldimethylammonium chloride than hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide.     

Industrial wastes as low-cost potential adsorbents for the treatment of wastewater laden with heavy metals

Industrial wastes, such as, fly ash, blast furnace slag and sludge, black liquor lignin, red mud, and waste slurry, etc. are currently being investigated as potential adsorbents for the removal of the heavy metals from wastewater. It was found that modified industrial wastes showed higher adsorption capacity. The application of low-cost adsorbents obtained from the industrial wastes as a replacement for costly conventional methods of removing heavy metal ions from wastewater has been reviewed. The adsorption mechanism, influencing factors, favorable conditions, and competitive ions etc. on the adsorption of heavy metals have also been discussed in this article. From the review, it is evident that certain industrial waste materials have demonstrated high removal capacities for the heavy metals laden with wastewater. However, it is to be mentioned that adsorption capacities of the adsorbents vary depending on the characteristics of the adsorbents, the extent of chemical modification and the concentration of adsorbates. There are also few issues and drawbacks on the utilization of industrial wastes as low-cost adsorbents that have been addressed. In order to find out the practical utilization of industrial waste as low-cost adsorbents on the commercial scale, more research should be conducted in this direction.     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性膨润土对直接黑染料的吸附及机理

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性膨润土(有机膨润土),用红外光谱和固体紫外漫反射光谱等对有机膨润土的结构进行了分析。研究了有机膨润土对水中直接黑染料的吸附和机理。用0.05g有机膨润土处理浓度为70mg/L的直接黑溶液时(303K),脱色率达到72.6%,平衡吸附量为20.5mg/g,有机膨润土对直接黑染料的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,从热力学结果来看,是化学吸附和物理吸附共同作用的过程。     

溴化铵改性膨润土脱除气态单质汞的特性及机理分析

采用溴化铵对钠基膨润土进行改性制得脱汞吸附剂,在固定床实验装置上对所制备的吸附剂进行脱汞性能测试。脱汞实验结果表明,钠基膨润土较钙基膨润土在脱汞性能上提高不大,而溴化铵改性的钠基膨润土(Br-Ben/Na)脱汞性能得到明显提高,脱汞效率达到97.7%。吸附温度的升高有利于对Hg0的脱除,在140℃下,10%Br-Ben/Na吸附剂的脱汞率能长时间保持在90%以上,说明在此吸附过程中化学吸附占主导性作用。通过N2吸附/脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、元素分析仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析等结果表明,改性后的膨润土比表面积下降,平均孔径增大;铵根离子进入到膨润土的层间置换出层间钠离子,煅烧活化过程中层间的铵根离子并未分解,而在层间与膨润土结合为某吸附活性组分协助Br-与Hg0反应,提高了膨润土的脱汞性能。     

Equilibrium uptake and sorption dynamics for the removal of a basic dye (basic red) using low-cost adsorbents

Waste carbon slurries (generated in fertilizer plants) and blast furnace slag (generated in steel plants) have been converted into low-cost potential adsorbents. The adsorbents have been characterized and tried for the removal of the dye basic red from wastewater. Studies were performed at different pH to find the pH at which maximum adsorption occurs. Equilibrium isotherms were determined to assess the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbents. Adsorption capacities are compared for activated carbon developed from fertilizer waste and activated slag developed from blast furnace waste. The adsorption data are correlated with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms in each system. The kinetics of adsorption depends on the adsorbate concentration and the physical and chemical characteristics of the adsorbent. Studies were conducted to delineate the effect of pH, temperature, initial absorbate concentration, particle size of the adsorbent, and solid-to-liquid ratio. The adsorption of basic red was found to be endothermic and first-order in nature.