新型大孔聚合物小球NKG-1载体在甲醇和乙醇分离测定中的应用

甲醇中微量乙醇及乙醇中微量甲醇的分离与分析一直是人们颇为关注的问题。由于高含量的峰易将低含量的峰掩盖,使二者难于分离或分离度很小。文献报道,选用D-山梨醇为固定液,6201为载体需填装5—8m长色谱柱方可使乙醇和甲醇较好分离;选用聚乙二醇-20M为固定液,硅烷化白色405为载体,分离白酒中各组分,甲醇和乙醇色谱峰分离度很小;Mangani等人应用色谱法直接测定果酒中甲醇含量,检测限为≈0.05％。 本文采用南开大学高分子化学研究所研制的新型大孔聚合物小球NKG-1为载体,涂渍10％聚乙二醇-20M,仅用2m长不锈钢柱,可将甲醇和乙醇较好分离,用于定量分析其准确度、精密度均较好,检测限可达0.005％。     

食品微晶蜡中苯及甲苯残留的顶空气相色谱法测定

应用带有顶空进样器气相色谱仪, 采用外标法定量, 分析食品微晶蜡中苯及甲苯残留量 ; 选择以食品用白油为母液制备一系列标准样品, 在选择的色谱条件下分析, 苯和甲苯含量分别在 10× 10-9～ 2 000× 10-9(w)间与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系, 检出限 (S/N=2)为 5× 10-9(w).     

气相色谱法快速同时测定室内装饰装修材料胶黏剂中的苯、甲苯、二甲苯的含量

建立了快速、同时测定室内装饰装修材料胶黏剂中苯、甲苯、二甲苯含量的气相色谱检测法.样品用乙酸乙酯溶解处理后,用改性的聚乙二醇(FFAP)毛细管色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,外标法定量.胶粘剂中苯、甲苯、二甲苯的浓度分别在8.58～171.40μg/mL、9.04～180.62μg/mL、8.80～175.92μg...     

变压器油中溶解气体分析专用气相色谱仪的检定与校准

为解决检定变压器油中溶解气体分析专用气相色谱仪时遇到样品进样量计算不准,检测器对甲烷气体标准物质无响应,专用软件分析方法不能更改等问题,建立变压器油中溶解气体分析专用气相色谱仪的检定与校准方法。当进样模式为一次进样双柱分流时,按分流比计算分流到检测器的样品体积,其它进样模式按进样体积计算进样量;因色谱软件禁止积分导致CH_4在热导检测器上无响应时,应采用有证标准物质中的H_2或O_2进行检定与校准。以7890B型专用气相色谱仪为例,详细说明了变压器油中溶解气体分析专用气相色谱仪的检定与校准流程。该法为检定人员检定该类专用仪器时提供了参考。     

GDX短柱快速GC分析空气中苯、甲苯和二甲苯

空气中苯、甲苯和二甲苯 (简称三苯 )测定 ,通常采用的气 液色谱及长柱[1～ 3 ] ,保留时间长。本法采用ＧＤＸ10 2担体和 0 .4 5ｍ短柱 ,只需 1ｍｉｎ即可完全分离 ,且具有简便快速 ,线性良好的特点。测定苯、甲苯和二甲苯的精密度分别为 1.84 % ,1.78%和 0 .6 3% ,检出限分别为 0 .8,1.0和 1.8ｍｇ·ｍ-3 。1　试验部分1.1　仪器与试剂ＳＰ2 30 5Ｅ气相色谱仪 ,ＦＩＤ检测器 ,附六通阀及1ｍｌ定量管 (北京分析仪器厂 )。三苯标准液 :苯、甲苯、二甲苯以 1.0 + 1.5 + 3 0混合。1.2　色谱条件色谱柱 :用 0 .4 5ｍ× 3.5ｍｍ玻璃管加工成Ｕ…     

色谱交点在多相催化研究中的应用——Ⅰ.芳烃在分子筛催化剂上的交点

测定了苯、甲苯、乙苯、二乙苯在四种分子筛催化剂上的保留体积.这些催化剂都被用于研究从苯和乙醇合成乙苯的反应中.发现了苯、甲苯、乙苯的 logV_g-1/T 直线都有共同交点.证明了气相色谱中同系物交点的一般原则,可以用在催化反应的研究中,从而为该反应提供一些有用的信息.     

顶空气相色谱法测定甲醇中苯

对车间空气中的苯进行定期卫生例行监测时 ,一般采用直接进样法[1] 。采用常规的直接进样法 ,溶剂甲醇峰将苯峰掩盖 ,无法测定。本法采用顶空气相色谱法[2 ] 进行监测 ,用外标法定量 ,取得了满意的效果。1　试验部分1.1　仪器与试剂Ｖａｒｉａｎ 340 0型气相色谱仪 ,带ＦＩＤ检测器恒温水浴 :控制精度± 1℃气液平衡瓶 (2 5 0ｍｌ医用输液瓶 ) :用蒸馏水洗净后于 15 0℃烘 4ｈ ,晾干备用。医用反口橡皮塞 :用水煮沸 2 0ｍｉｎ ,晾干备用。10ｍｌ容量瓶 :洗净后用甲醇反复洗涤几次 ,晾干备用。注射器 :1.0 0ｍｌ医用注射器苯标准溶液 :0 .97…     

顶空气相色谱法测定聚苯乙烯日用品中可溶性苯乙烯单体

应用带有顶空进样器气相色谱仪,采用外标法定量,分别以乙醇、乙醇 水作提取剂,分析了聚苯乙烯日用品中可溶性苯乙烯的含量,并对其提取温度、时间进行了研究。在选择的色谱条件下,用乙醇、乙醇 水提取苯乙烯标准溶液分别在0.8～5000mg L、0.1～200mg L浓度间呈现良好的线性关系,检出限<0.1mg L,其相对标准偏差分别为3.2%、5.9%。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定奶嘴中磷酸苯酚酯

提出了气相色谱-质谱法检测奶嘴中3种磷酸苯酚酯[磷酸三甲苯酯(TCP)、磷酸甲苯二苯酯(CDP)和磷酸三-二甲苯酯(TXP)]的方法。试样经乙酸乙酯提取后,在35℃水浴中在40℃旋转蒸发仪中浓缩后,用甲醇溶解定容至2.0mL,通过DB-1701石英毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.15μm)分离,采用电子轰击离子源选择离子检测模式进行质谱测定。3种磷酸苯酚酯质量浓度均在30.0～500μg.L-1内与其峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为30μg.kg-1。以奶嘴样品为基体加入3种浓度水平的混合标准溶液按方法测定后,求得方法的回收率在64.0%～88.5%之间,相对标准偏差(n=10)为0.86%～8.7%。     

扩散采集-气相色谱法测定空气中7种挥发性有机物

用扩散采集方法采集空气中环氧丙烷、正己烷、苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯7种挥发性有机物,建立了气相色谱同时测定这些化合物的分析方法.考察并确定了采集、萃取和气相色谱仪器分析的参数.分析方法的线性回归系数为0.9997～0.9999,检出限为0.037～0.16 μg/mL,回收率为89.1％～105％,测定方法的精密...     

A methodology for choosing parameters for ESR readout of alanine dosimeters for radiotherapy

Spectrometer settings for ESR readout of alanine dosimeters for radiotherapy have been investigated. Several ESR parameters were studied and determined. The main reason for this work is to choose the suitable parameters to increase signal-to-noise ratio and to reduce the uncertainty on ESR readout, which is one of the main components of uncertainty of alanine/ESR dosimetry system for radiotherapy. The new spectrometer settings have been applied for ESR readout of alanine dosimeters irradiated from 1 to 10 Gy. A higher signal-to-noise ratio has been achieved compared to our old spectrometer settings. The extended uncertainty (k=2) has been evaluated in the dose range 2–10 Gy (maximum uncertainty of 4.9% for 2 Gy, while minimum uncertainty of 1.4% for 10 Gy), which implies that the alanine/ESR dosimetry system can be applied to radiotherapy dose level that needs a global accuracy of 5%.     

New method for prefractionation of plasma for proteomic analysis

The depth of proteome analysis is severely limited in complex samples with a wide dynamic range of protein abundance such as plasma. Removal of high‐abundance proteins should reveal the signal of lower abundance plasma proteins. However, smaller proteins may be part of larger protein complexes and hence the removal of proteins involved in complexes with high‐abundance proteins such as albumin may inhibit the search for disease biomarkers. Prefractionation of a sample divides it into fractions of reduced complexity, allowing improved detection of lower abundance proteins. Using a prefractionation device, which employs Gradiflow? technology, we were able to separate small volume plasma samples into multiple fractions based on the molecular weight and/or charge. The resulting samples of reduced complexity were directly compatible with 2‐DE. The use of this prefractionation machine may therefore be useful in the hunt for disease biomarkers.     

Adhesives for assembly procedures for products of radioelectronic industry

A list of adhesive materials, sealants, and potting compounds used at the enterprise is given. The basic properties of these materials are discussed, and particular process procedures in which they are employed are described.     

Prospects for the use of fluidized-bed devices for production of coatings

It is shown that, currently, the most effective grinding and dispersant equipment in the technology of coating production are fluidized-bed devices—devices in which grinding and dispersion of pigments and fillers occur via ferromagnetic bodies driven by an electromagnetic field.     

Piperazine-based buffers for liposome coating of capillaries for electrophoresis

Anionic liposomes can be coated on fused-silica capillaries for electrophoresis in the presence of N-(hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES) as background electrolyte (BGE) solution. In this work, the interaction of various compounds with zwitterionic and anionic phospholipid coatings was studied with HEPES at pH 7.4 as BGE solution. The chromatographic and electrophoretic behavior of three test sample solutions (anionic, cationic, and neutral) was investigated for evaluation of the phospholipid coatings. Our results show that hydrophobic interactions between analytes and the phospholipid coating are important for the migration of charged analytes. In addition, the performances of other piperazine-based buffers, i.e., N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-(2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid), piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid), and piperazine-N,N'-bis(hydroxypropane sulfonic acid), at pH 7.4, as liposome solvent and BGE solution were evaluated and compared with the performance of HEPES at pH 7.4. The anionic liposome solution comprised 80/20 mol% phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine. A simple test solution was selected and the chromatographic and electrophoretic migration behavior of the analytes was evaluated. The results show that, in addition to HEPES, other piperazine-based buffers at pH 7.4 are suitable for coating of fused-silica capillaries with anionic liposomes.     

Preparation of PVA membrane for immobilization of GOD for glucose biosensor

A membrane was prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with low and high degree of polymerization (DOP), acetone, benzoic acid (BA) and was cross-linked by UV treatment. Membrane composition was optimized on the basis of swelling index. Membrane prepared with 12% low DOP and 8% high DOP of PVA, 2% BA, dissolved in buffer containing 20% acetone and cross-linked with UV treatment exhibited lower swelling index. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study of the membranes showed appearance of a strong band at approximately 2337 cm(-1) when UV was used for cross-linking in the presence of benzoic acid. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study revealed that membrane cross-linked with UV treatment was smoother. Glucose oxidase (GOD)-PVA membrane was associated with the dissolved oxygen (DO) probe for biosensor reading. Glucose was detected on the basis of depletion of oxygen, when immobilized GOD oxidizes glucose to gluconolactone. A wide detection range, 0.9-225 mg/dl was estimated from the linear range of calibration plot of biosensor reading. Membranes were reused for 32 reactions without significant loss of activity and stored for 30 days (approximately 90% activity) at 4 degrees C. Membranes were also used with real blood samples.     

Prospects for development of a technology for production of butene-1

Industrial technologies for production of butene-1 are described, including the most promising process for recovery of butene-1 of polymerization purity from C₄ fractions formed in pyrolysis and catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons. It is shown that this technology can be improved and suggested to use as a raw material the recycle butene fraction formed from these C₄ fractions upon isolation of 1,3-butadiene and isobutene. A technological scheme for recovery of butene-1 of polymerization purity is suggested.     

Rules for selection of oxide catalysts for oxidative dehydrocombination of hydrocarbons

Based on the mechanism of oxidative dimerization of hydrocarbons the rules for the selection of catalysts for this kind of reactions has been discussed. It has been shown that an efficient dehydrodimerization catalyst must contain on its surface electron acceptor centers (metal cations) of moderate strength, strongly bound nucleophilic oxygen, and possess the corresponding collective properties. The elements have been discussed, the oxides of which satisfy the above requirements.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 366–370, May–June, 1988.     

缓冲溶液pH计算公式的推导

酸碱缓冲溶液在分析化学中的应用是多方面的 ,因此酸碱缓冲溶液 ｐＨ的计算是分析化学中必不可少的一个内容。目前 ,高师院校的分析化学多采用华中师范大学等校编的《分析化学》(第 2版 ) ,笔者在几年的教学中 ,发现该教材在缓冲溶液 ｐＨ计算的公式推导中存在疏漏。为此 ,在比较其他教材中该章节的内容后 ,从酸碱平衡最本质的内容ＰＢＥ出发 ,提出一种新的缓冲溶液ｐＨ计算公式推导方法。1　华中师范大学版教材中的问题[1]　　以一元弱酸及其共轭碱体系进行讨论 ,设弱酸ＨＡ浓度为ｃａ,共轭碱ＮａＡ浓度为ｃｂ。将ＨＡ Ａ-体系以Ｈ2 Ｏ作媒…     

Potential of FTIR spectroscopy for analysis of tears for diagnosis purposes

It has been widely reported that the tear film, which is crucially important as a protective barrier of the eye, undergoes biochemical changes as a result of a wide range of ocular pathology. This tends to suggest the possibility of early detection of ocular diseases on the basis of biochemical analysis of tears. However, studies of tears by conventional methods of biomolecular and biochemical analysis are often limited by methodological difficulties. Moreover, such analysis could not be applied in the clinic, where structural and morphological analyses by, mainly, slit-lamp biomicroscopy remains the recommended method. In this study, we assessed, for the first time, the potential of FTIR spectroscopy combined with advanced chemometric processing of spectral data for analysis of raw tears for diagnosis purposes. We first optimized sampling and spectral acquisition (tears collection method, tear sample volume, and preservation of the samples) for accurate spectral measurement. On the basis of the results, we focused our study on the possibility of discriminating tears from normal individuals from those of patients with different ocular pathologies, and showed that the most discriminating spectral range is that corresponding to variations of CH₂ and CH₃ of lipid aliphatic chains. We also report more subtle discrimination of tears from patients with keratoconus and those from patients with non-specific inflammatory ocular diseases, on the basis of variations in spectral ranges attributed notably to lipid and carbohydrate vibrations. Finally, we also succeeded in distinguishing tears from patients with early-stage and late-stage keratoconus on the basis of spectral features attributed to protein structure. Therefore, this study strongly suggests that FTIR spectral analysis of tears could be developed as a valuable and cost-saving tool for biochemical-based detection of ocular diseases, potentially before the appearance of the first morphological signs of diseases. Combined with supervised modelling methods and with use of a spectral data base acquired for representative patients, such a spectral approach could be a useful addition to current methods of clinical analysis for improvement of patient care.