两种含氮类大豆苷元衍生物对人体红细胞的抗溶血作用（英文）

合成了2种含氮类大豆苷元衍生物,4,7-二((甘氨酸钠)羰基)甲氧基异黄酮(L1)和4′,7-二(肼羰基)甲氧基异黄酮(L2)并用元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其进行了表征。研究了大豆苷元衍生物的抗氧化性能,评价了其对自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的吸附能力,以及对人体血红细胞抗氧化损伤的保护作用。实验结果表明,大豆苷元衍生物在生理pH条件下的抗氧化活性优于维生素C,特别是在清除羟自由基和抑制人血红细胞溶血方面,大豆苷元衍生物抗氧化能力表现更为突出。大豆苷元衍生物的羟自由基清除活性IC50值是维生素C的104倍。     

3-氨基-7,8-二甲氧基香豆素及其衍生物的合成及抗氧化活性

合成了3-氨基-7,8-二甲氧基香豆素及其衍生物共11个化合物,其中3个化合物(2b、2d、2e)为新型香豆素芳酰胺类化合物。 通过猝灭1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2'-联氮二(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐阳离子自由基(ABTS^+·)和羟自由基实验考察了所合成化合物的抗氧化活性,结果表明化合物2b对DPPH自由基、羟自由基的清除能力超出或接近对照品维生素C,而衍生物2a、2b和2c的抗氧化活性优于母体。 故酰化可提高3-氨基-7,8-二甲氧基香豆素的抗氧化性能,尤其是普遍提高了羟基自由基的清除能力。     

两种新型水溶性异黄酮衍生物的合成与抗氧化活性

合成了未见文献报道的水溶性的3'-磺酸钠-4',7-二羧甲氧基异黄酮(L1)和3'-磺酸钠-4'-羟基-7-羧甲氧基异黄酮(L2), 采用IR, UV, ¹H NMR和元素分析对其结构进行了表征, 利用荧光光谱法研究了它们和母体大豆甙元(D)对羟基自由基的清除活性, 用紫外光谱法研究了其对超氧阴离子自由基和1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical, 简称DPPH)的清除活性; 并采用量子化学AM1方法在全几何构型优化的基础上进行了电荷布居分析, 计算了它们抽氢反应的生成热(∆H_f), 从而从理论上探讨了目标化合物清除羟基自由基的活性. 实验结果表明本文合成的两种水溶性化合物清除超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基的活性要优于母体大豆甙元, 对于目标化合物清除羟基自由基的活性, 实验和理论结果都显示其清除活性要优于大豆甙元．     

单甲基化大豆苷元磺酸盐的合成、晶体结构及活性研究

以在豆苷元为原料合成出强水溶性异黄酮类化合物：7-甲氧基-4'-羟基异黄酮 -3'-磺酸钠（1）和7-甲氧基-4'-羟基异黄酮-3'-磺酸钴（2）。抗缺氧缺血活性试 验表明：化合物1和2的抗缺氧缺血活性比大豆苷元好。X-单晶衍射分析表明化合物 2晶体结构以Co~(2+)为对称中心，含6分子配位水和10分子结晶水，16个分子和7- 甲氧基-4'-羟基异黄酮-3'-磺酸根的羰基、羟基、磺酸基氧原子相互之间通过多个 氢键在晶体内部形成复杂的三维空间网络。     

黄芪异黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性的密度泛函理论研究

本文采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法在6-311G(d,p)水平上对黄芪中的四种异黄酮类化合物毛蕊异黄酮、毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花素、芒柄花苷进行了优化计算,从四个分子的几何结构、酚羟基氢原子上的NBO电荷、酚羟基解离能、HOMO和LUMO能级以及其能级差△E(LUMO-HOMO)等方面分析了四种黄芪异黄酮类化合物清除自由基的活性.C3.位的酚羟基为毛蕊异黄酮苷元及其苷分子的最大可能活性位点,C7位酚羟基也具有一定的活性,可以增加分子本身的抗氧化活性,C7位酚羟基为芒柄花素分子的活性位点.C3,位或C7位上酚羟基氢原子带正电荷越大、酚羟基的解离能越小、△E(LUMO-HOMO)越小、HOMO能级相对越高分子的抗氧化活性越高.糖苷取代C7位酚羟基上的H原子,可以提高HOMO、LUMO的轨道能级,但是分子失去了7位酚羟基,从而降低了毛蕊异黄酮苷分子的抗氧化活性.结果表明,四种黄芪异黄酮类化合物的抗氧化能力大小为:毛蕊异黄酮＞毛蕊异黄酮苷＞芒柄花素＞＞芒柄花苷.对芒柄花素和羟基自由基反应的过渡态进行了计算研究.     

大豆苷元的前药修饰研究进展

大豆异黄酮大豆苷元具有抗氧化、心血管保护、抗癌、抗炎、抗溃疡及雌激素等多种药理功能.本文综述了大豆苷元的化学修饰研究进展,为充分利用大豆资源和发展以大豆苷元为先导物的化学活性修饰物提供研究信息.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用测定黄芪黄酮苷酶解产物

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS)联用分析黄芪中的黄酮类化合物结果表明黄芪黄酮提取物主要包含毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、9, 10 -二甲氧基紫檀烷-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷以及2'-羟基-3',4'-二甲氧基异黄烷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷等黄酮苷,黄芪黄酮提取物经过β-葡萄糖苷酶(1 IU/mL)粗酶液酶解后,HPLC-ESI-MS分析酶解生成产物主要为黄酮苷元毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、3-羟基-9,10 -二甲氧基紫檀烷以及7, 2'-二羟基-3',4'-二甲氧基异黄烷.其中前两种主要的黄酮苷酶解率均达90%以上.酶解后所得产物对DPPH自由基清除率是酶解前的1.4倍.因此,通过β-葡萄糖苷酶水解可以有效地将黄芪黄酮转化为相应的黄酮苷元,大大提高黄芪黄酮提取物的抗氧化活性.     

红景天苷衍生物的合成及其抗氧化活性

以酪醇为原料，通过K-K法合成了3个红景天苷衍生物：苄基酪醇-β-D葡萄糖苷、苄基酪醇-β-D半乳糖苷及苄基酪醇-β-D七乙酰麦芽糖苷，其结构经¹H NMR和¹³C NMR表征。采用还原力法及DPPH自由基清除法，考查了化合物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明：不同浓度的红景天苷及其衍生物均具有还原能力及清除DPPH自由基的活性，且活性强弱与浓度成正比。     

4种黄酮小分子对DPPH自由基的清除作用及构效关系研究

通过紫外可见光谱测定了4种黄酮小分子芦丁、牡荆素、山奈素、金丝桃苷对DPPH自由基的清除率、稳定性及半抑制浓度(IC50),并以常用的天然抗氧化剂抗坏血酸作为对照,考察了其抗氧化效果,探讨了黄酮类化合物的抗氧化性与结构的关系。结果表明：不同的抗氧化剂清除DPPH自由基达到平衡的时间不同,芦丁所需时间最长。4种黄酮小分子及抗坏血酸均对DPPH自由基有清除效果,并存在一定的量效关系。对DPPH自由基的清除能力从大到小依次为金丝桃苷、抗坏血酸、芦丁、山奈素、牡荆素。结构分析表明,B环邻二酚羟基是黄酮类化合物抗氧化所必需的基团,其羟甲基化及A环羟基糖苷化不利于黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性。而C环3-OH的糖苷化对抗氧化活性有利,且单糖苷优于双糖苷。     

硒多糖的抗氧化活性及与过氧化氢酶协同作用的研究

对自行培养的富硒蛹虫草中提取的有机硒多糖进行抗氧化活性研究.采用循环伏安法(CV),在铂电极表面构筑支撑磷脂双层膜 (Supported bilayer lipid membrane, s-BLM),以0.1 mol/L KCl-1.0 mmol/L K3Fe(CN)6-1.0 mmol/L K4Fe(CN)6为探针溶液,利用Fenton体系中Fe2+和H2O2反应产生的羟自由基对模拟生物膜的损伤程度考察有机硒多糖的生物活性.结果表明:羟自由基使s-BLM的通透性增强,造成膜体损伤;而在硒多糖存在下,可使羟自由基对膜的这种损伤受到抑制,硒多糖能够清除自由基保护生物膜;采用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱法比较研究不同浓度的过氧化氢酶与硒多糖对羟自由基的清除率.结果表明:硒多糖对羟自由基的清除效果好于过氧化氢酶,且当体系中硒多糖和过氧化氢酶共存时,二者对羟自由基的清除效果具有协同作用.进一步讨论了硒多糖抗氧化活性的可能机理,为有机硒多糖在保护生物膜、抗氧化活性方面的开发与利用提供科学的理论依据.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).