蒲公英黄酮抗氧化活性的构效关系分析

蒲公英作为传统的中药材,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎等多种药用价值。黄酮是蒲公英发挥抗氧化作用的重要活性成分。蒲公英黄酮抗氧化性能的实验研究备受关注,然而从分子水平对蒲公英黄酮结构与抗氧化活性之间的内在关系缺乏系统的研究。本文借助于密度泛函理论,针对蒲公英中5种重要的黄酮化合物(槲皮素、芦丁、木犀草素、芹菜素、香叶木素),通过优化结构参数、捕获DPPH自由基的热力学能量分析,NBO电荷分布、半醌自由基的自旋密度分析等方面深入探讨了蒲公英黄酮化合物抗氧化活性的构效关系及内在规律。结果表明：5种蒲公英黄酮化合物抗氧化活性为芦丁>槲皮素>木犀草素>>香叶木素>芹菜素,酚羟基的位置是影响蒲公英黄酮抗氧化活性差异的主要因素。蒲公英黄酮不同位点抗氧化活性的高低与其酚羟基上H原子的电荷分布、黄酮自由基的稳定性成正比关系,自由基单电子的离域程度和分子内氢键的稳定化作用共同决定了B环4’-OH是蒲公英黄酮的关键活性位点。     

基于分子指纹对黄酮类化合物及其抗DPPH自由基活性的QSAR分析

应用定量构效关系（Quantitative structure activity relationship, QSAR）研究阐明黄酮类化合物（Flavonoid compounds, FCs）的子结构指纹（Substructure fingerprint）与1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH）自由基清除能力之间的关系,从而指导高效抗氧化物质的设计和发现。在PubMed数据库中收集77个具有明确抗氧化活性的黄酮类化合物,而在ChEMBL数据库中收集86个无抗DPPH活性的黄酮类化合物。这163个黄酮类化合物的子结构指纹由PubChem系统生成,然后通过卡方检验筛选出与黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性显著相关的分子指纹,最后通过判别分析建立预测QSAR模型,并采用回代法和交叉验证法对已建立的模型进行准确性和稳健性的验证。结果表明,黄酮类化合物抗DPPH自由基活性与ESSSR环的计数、简单相邻原子的类型和简单的SMARTS模式等因素有关。此外,所建立的QSAR模型能较好地预测黄酮类化合物的DPPH自由基清除活性,可用于评价候选抗氧化剂的潜力。     

黄酮类抗氧化剂结构-活性关系的理论解释

用AM 1方法对若干黄酮类抗氧化剂做了计算 .发现 :( 1 )黄酮化合物邻二酚羟基清除自由基的活性强于间二酚羟基 .原因一是前者半醌式自由基与邻位酚羟基形成分子内氢键 ,从而更稳定 ;二是前者半醌式自由基通过共振形成邻苯醌 ,这使其未成对电子密度在邻位氧上有较多分布 ,内能更低 .( 2 )色原酮类黄酮化合物C环的吸电子性质使它对A环酚羟基有钝化作用 ,使其更不活泼 .由于B环受C环影响较小 ,而且大多数黄酮类抗氧化剂B环为邻二酚羟基取代 ,因此实验总结出的B环酚羟基活性高的规律得以解释 .     

七种天然黄酮类化合物对超氧阴离子自由基的清除活性

用单扫描示波极谱法研究了从东紫苏和黑沙蒿中分离出的七种黄酮类化合物对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用.结果表明:七种黄酮类化合物清除O 2的作用强弱与它们所含酚羟基数目多少有关,羟基数目越多,对O 2清除的效果越好.C2-C3双键对黄酮类化合物清除O 2的活性也有贡献;糖苷因空间位阻效应而导致黄酮类化合物抗氧化能力下降.     

罗布麻叶黄酮类成分酶解前后的液相色谱-质谱分析及活性比较

采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESIMS)联用技术,对罗布麻叶中的黄酮类化合物及酶解产物进行了系统的研究。结果表明,罗布麻叶所含黄酮成分极性较大,包含白麻苷、芦丁、山萘酚-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷、异槲皮素、扁蓄苷和乙酰化金丝桃苷。罗布麻叶黄酮类成分经过β-葡萄糖苷酶和α-鼠李糖苷酶混合酶液酶解后发生水解,水解产物包括金丝桃苷、异槲皮素、乙酰化金丝桃苷、三叶豆苷、紫云英苷、槲皮素和山萘酚。将酶解前后各化合物的高效液相色谱峰面积进行比对,证明白麻苷、山萘酚-3-O-芸香糖苷和扁蓄苷为酶解前罗布麻叶主要成分,金丝桃苷、异槲皮素、扁蓄苷、槲皮素和山萘酚为酶解后的主要成分。细胞实验结果表明,酶解后3个剂量组的细胞相对增殖率较酶解前分别提升了14.61%、22.48%和20.22%。因此,通过β-葡萄糖苷酶和α-鼠李糖苷酶混合酶液酶解可以有效地将罗布麻叶黄酮苷转化为对应的黄酮苷元及疏水性的黄酮苷,大大提高了罗布麻叶黄酮提取物的抗抑郁活性。     

珠芽蓼黄酮类化合物清除DPPH·的作用

以六盘水市本地野生的珠芽蓼为原料,利用70%乙醇作为提取介质提取黄酮类化合物,并以抗坏血酸(VC)和维生素E(VE)为对照物,采用DPPH法研究珠芽蓼黄酮提取物对二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH.)的清除作用。结果表明:珠芽蓼黄酮对DPPH.有较强的清除作用,在其质量浓度为368.94μg/mL时,其清除效果最好,清除率达88.96%,显著高于相同浓度下的VC和VE的清除率。珠芽蓼黄酮提取物是一种有前途的抗氧化剂。     

红景天苷衍生物的合成及其抗氧化活性

以酪醇为原料，通过K-K法合成了3个红景天苷衍生物：苄基酪醇-β-D葡萄糖苷、苄基酪醇-β-D半乳糖苷及苄基酪醇-β-D七乙酰麦芽糖苷，其结构经¹H NMR和¹³C NMR表征。采用还原力法及DPPH自由基清除法，考查了化合物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明：不同浓度的红景天苷及其衍生物均具有还原能力及清除DPPH自由基的活性，且活性强弱与浓度成正比。     

光谱法与分子模拟技术对槲皮素、金丝桃苷、芦丁与蛋白质的构效关系对比研究

利用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱并结合分子模拟技术对3种分子结构相似,仅母核上C环3位取代功能团不同的黄酮小分子槲皮素、金丝桃苷及芦丁对蛋白质的构象影响进行了对比研究.探讨黄酮分子相同位置上功能团不同对相互作用体系的结合常数、结合位点数、结合作用力及蛋白质构象的影响.实验表明黄酮母核C环3位上单糖苷的存在抑制了其药效的发挥,而单糖苷递增为双糖苷时这种抑制作用会有所减弱.     

一种新型细梗胡枝子黄酮类提取物的结构和抗氧化活性(英文)

利用密度泛函理论的B3LYP交换相关泛函对从细梗胡枝子中提取的一种新型黄酮类化合物的分子结构和抗氧化活性进行了研究,获得了该化合物的中性分子、阴离子、自由基和自由基阳离子的稳定几何构型和能量.通过分析前线分子轨道特征,确定了与实验结果一致的现象:A环是参加化学反应的活性部位,并发现A′环也是重要的抗氧化活性部位.为判断其抗氧化活性,预测其水溶液中,中性和阴离子的电离势分别为509.0和432.2kJ.mol-1,均裂O—H键解离能为347.3kJ.mol-1,羟基自由基电子亲和势和氢原子亲和势分别为-620.6和-487.5kJ.mol-1.通过理论分析比较,该黄酮类化合物清除羟基自由基的三种机理即H原子转移、电子转移-质子转移和质子丢失-电子转移在热力学上并存,其中质子丢失-电子转移是热力学最有利的机理.本文为设计新型高效黄酮类抗氧化剂,研究黄酮类化合物的构效关系和抗氧化机理提供了理论依据.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用测定黄芪黄酮苷酶解产物

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS)联用分析黄芪中的黄酮类化合物结果表明黄芪黄酮提取物主要包含毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、9, 10 -二甲氧基紫檀烷-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷以及2'-羟基-3',4'-二甲氧基异黄烷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷等黄酮苷,黄芪黄酮提取物经过β-葡萄糖苷酶(1 IU/mL)粗酶液酶解后,HPLC-ESI-MS分析酶解生成产物主要为黄酮苷元毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、3-羟基-9,10 -二甲氧基紫檀烷以及7, 2'-二羟基-3',4'-二甲氧基异黄烷.其中前两种主要的黄酮苷酶解率均达90%以上.酶解后所得产物对DPPH自由基清除率是酶解前的1.4倍.因此,通过β-葡萄糖苷酶水解可以有效地将黄芪黄酮转化为相应的黄酮苷元,大大提高黄芪黄酮提取物的抗氧化活性.     

Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of some Cassia species

In this study, the antioxidant activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of four plants from the genus Cassia were evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH free radical scavenging, metal chelating activity, phosphomolybdenum reducing power, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, deoxyribose degradation and β-carotene bleaching assay. The various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidant such as ascorbic acid. All the extracts showed antioxidant activity in the tested methods. Among the four species, Cassia auriculata has been found to possess highest activity in most of the tested models. In addition to the antioxidant activity, the total phenolics and flavonoids were measured in the extracts. The ethanolic extract exhibited highest phenolics and flavonoid contents and had also shown potent antioxidant activity in comparison to the aqueous extracts. The possible antioxidant mechanism of the ethanol extract can be due to its hydrogen or electron donating and direct free radical scavenging properties. Hence, the ethanol extract represents a source of potential antioxidants that could be used in pharmaceutical industries.     

Key role of chemical hardness to compare 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging power of flavone and flavonol O-glycoside and C-glycoside derivatives

The antioxidant activities of flavonoids and their glycosides were measured with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH radical, DPPH(·)) scavenging method. The results show that free hydroxyl flavonoids are not necessarily more active than O-glycoside. Quercetin and kaempferol showed higher activity than apigenin. The C- and O-glycosides of flavonoids generally showed higher radical scavenging activity than aglycones; however, kaempferol C3-O-glycoside (astragalin) showed higher activity than kaempferol. In the radical scavenging activity of flavonoids, it was expected that OH substitutions at C3 and C5 and catechol substitution at C2 of B ring and intramolecular hydrogen bonding between OH at C5 and ketone at C3 would increase the activity; however, the reasons have yet to be clarified. We here show that the radical scavenging activities of flavonoids are controlled by their absolute hardness (η) and absolute electronegativity (χ) as a electronic state. Kaempferol and quercetin provide high radical scavenging activity since (i) OH substitutions at C3 and C5 strikingly decrease η of flavones, (ii) OH substitutions at C3 and C7 decrease χ and η of flavones, and (iii) phenol or o-catechol substitution at C2 of B ring decrease χ of flavones. The coordinate r(χ,?η) as the electron state must be small to increase the radical scavenging activity of flavonoids. The results show that chemically soft kaempferol and quercetin have higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than chemically hard genistein and daidzein.     

HPLC/MS analysis of polyphenols,antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Artabotrys hildebrandtii O. Hffm. extracts

The purpose of this work was to evaluate chemical constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Artabotrys hildebrandtii, an endemic medicinal plant from Madagascar. Ethanol extracts from the leaves and stem bark were tested to evaluate DPPH free radical scavenging, using butylated hydroxytoluene and quercetin as standard antioxidants. An high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method was developed to investigate the presence of phenolic compounds in the studied samples; gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, quercitrin, quercetol, apigenin and luteolin were identified. Total polyphenolic content was determined by a spectrophotometric method using Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent. Results showed the efficiency of A. hildebrandtii leaves extract against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, as the inhibitory activity is more powerful compared to Gentamicin, used as the standard drug. The leaves of A. hildebrandtii can be considered an important source of polyphenols, especially of rutin, with good antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.     

Benzophenones and flavonoids from Hypericum maculatum and their antioxidant activities

The occurrence of three known benzophenones, namely annulatophenonoside, acetylannulatophenonoside and annulatophenone as well as a flavonol O-glycoside guajaverin in the aerial parts of Hypericum maculatum Crantz was established. In addition, hyperoside, isoquercitrin and miquelianin were isolated from this plant, as well. Radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) free radicals, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in linoleic acid system by the ferric thiocyanate method. Isoquercitrin demonstrates the highest DPPH radical scavenging (96.6?±?0.3%), FRAP (23.8?±?0.2 Trolox equivalent, TE?mol?1) and antioxidant activity in linoleic acid system. Guajaverin and acetylannulatophenonoside show significantly strong ABTS radical scavenging activity (93.9?±?0.4% and 93.4?±?0.6%, respectively), which is comparable to that of ascorbic acid (96.2?±?0.4%).     

Antioxidant activity of papaya seed extracts

The antioxidant activities of the ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extract fractions from the seeds of papaya were evaluated in this study. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest DPPH and hydroxyl free radical-scavenging activities, and its activities were stronger than those of ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate, respectively. The n-butanol fraction demonstrated the greatest ABTS? radicals scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction and the n-butanol fraction not only showed higher antioxidant activities than the petroleum ether fraction, water fraction and ethanol fraction, but also showed higher superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide radicals scavenging activities than those of the other extract fractions. The high amount of total phenolics and total flavonoids in the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions contributed to their antioxidant activities. The ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to column chromatography, to yield two phenolic compounds, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid, which possessed significant antioxidant activities. Therefore, the seeds of papaya and these compounds might be used as natural antioxidants.     

Determination of in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of propofol

Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a hypnotic intravenous agent with in vivo antioxidant properties. This study was undertaken to examine the in vitro antioxidant activity of propofol using different antioxidant tests including by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH.) radical scavenging, metal chelating, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power and total antioxidant activities. At the concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 microg/ml, propofol exhibited 97.7, 98.6 and 100% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. On the other hand, at the 75 microg/ml concentration of standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and alpha-tocopherol exhibited 88.7, 94.5, and 70.4% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. In addition, at same concentrations, propofol was shown that it had effective reducing power, DPPH. free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating activities. These various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT and alpha-tocopherol. These results indicate that propofol prevents lipid peroxidation and radicalic chain reactions. At the same time, propofol revealed more effective antioxidant capacity than BHA, BHT and alpha-tocopherol.     

Electrochemical studies of the interactional mechanism and scavenging activity of antioxidants towards dinitroaromatics

Abstract  

In the work discussed in this paper, cyclic voltammetric results obtained for the interaction of ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and three structurally related flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, and morin) with the anion radical of 1,3-dinitrobenzene were used to determine their antioxidant activity. The extent of the antioxidant–anion radical interactions was measured as the antioxidant activity coefficient. Higher values of this coefficient obtained for the three flavonoids in DMF are indicative of their greater antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid and β-carotene in this solvent. On the basis of cyclic voltammetric responses, a possible mechanism of the reaction of the reduction product of 1,3-dinitrobenzene with the antioxidants is proposed. Hyperchem PM3 quantum mechanical semi-empirical calculations of charges on reactive sites of the antioxidants and the 1,3-dinitrobenzene anion radical were also carried out; the results obtained supported the proposed mechanism of interaction.     

Screening of antioxidant activity and volatile compounds composition of Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub ecotypes grown in Lithuania

Since biological activity of medicinal plants is dependent on cultivation area, climatic conditions, developmental stage, genetic modifications and other factors, it is important to study flora present in different growing sites and geographical zones. This study was focused on screening of antioxidant activity of C. angustifolium harvested in six different locations in Lithuania. The total contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods. A correlation between radical scavenging activity and total phenolic compounds content was observed (correlation coefficient 0.98). HPLC with online post-column DPPH radical scavenging reaction detection was used for the separation of extracts. Oenothein B, rutin and one unidentified compound were predominant. Volatile compounds were analysed using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Based on the analysis of volatiles, all samples were classified into two chemotypes: (I) with predominant α- and β-caryophyllenes and (II) with predominant anethole.     

Response surface optimized ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Sparganii rhizoma and evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant activities

An efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction technique was employed to extract total flavonoids from Sparganii rhizoma. The optimum extraction conditions for the highest yield of total flavonoids were ethanol concentration 53.62%, ultrasonication time 29.41 min and ultrasound power 300 W, which were determined using response surface methodology. The extraction yields of the optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction were higher than using conventional extraction. The crude extract was then purified on a polyamide resin, whereby the flavonoids content in the purified extract increased to 94.62%. The antioxidant activities of the purified flavonoids including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS+ radical scavenging activity, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide anion scavenging activity, were evaluated in vitro, which suggested that the flavonoids showed significant antioxidant activities. Rutin, kaempferol and formononetin were identified in the extract by comparing relative retention times and UV-Vis spectra with those of reference standards.