铑催化乙酸乙酯羰基化合成丙酸的研究

以乙酸乙酯为原料,在金属铑催化下与一氧化碳进行羰基化反应,生成丙酸。研究了碘化物添加剂和反应条件对丙酸产率的影响。由于避免了乙醇在酸性条件下的酯化和分子间脱水等副反应,丙酸产率显著提高。乙酸乙酯羰基化具有与甲醇羰基化相似的动力学行为。碘化物添加剂的加入能有效提高反应速率和丙酸选择性。通过优化反应条件,丙酸产率大于95%。     

用环境友好催化剂俣成丙酸苄酯的研究

应用环境友好催化剂H－β沸石催化苯甲醇与丙酸的酯化反应,合成了丙酯苄酯。研究结果表明,H－β沸石 具有较高的催化活性。考察了苯甲醇／丙酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间和带水剂环己烷用量对酯产率的影响。在典型反应条件（苯甲醇／丙酸摩尔比＝1.15:1、10.5gH－β沸石/摩尔丙酸、反应温度160℃ 、反应时间3.5h和20mL环己烷／摩尔丙酸）下,所得丙酸苄酯的产率为77％,该催化剂易于回收且可重复使用,具有良好的活性稳定性,并研究了用某些金属阳离子改性的β沸石的催化活性。     

TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成丙酸乙酯

以自制的固载杂多酸(盐)TiSiW12O40／TiO2为复相催化剂，通过丙酸和无水乙醇反应合成了丙酸乙酯，探讨了诸因素对酯化率的影响，结果表明，在最佳反应条件下，收率可达78．1％。     

活性炭固载磷钨酸催化合成丙酸丙酯

用活性碳固载磷钨酸催化剂合成了丙酸丙酯，考察了磷钨酸固载量、催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、带水剂用量对酯化反应的影响。在优化条件(催化固载量30．0％、催化剂用量2．5g/0．2mol丙酸、醇酸摩尔比1．2：1、反应温度110--116℃、反应时问2．51h、带水剂环己烷用量10mL下反应，丙酸丙酯收率为95．8％，催化剂可重复使用。     

十二烷基磺酸铁催化合成丙酸正丁酯

以十二烷基磺酸铁催化合成了丙酸正丁酯。实验结果表明最佳反应条件为：丙酸100mmol,n(丙酸)：n(正丁醇)=1．0：1．2,十二烷基磺酸铁0．8g(约1．0mmol),带水剂环己烷6mL,回流分水60min,酯化率94．6％。催化剂重复使用5次仍保持较高活性。     

高效液相色谱法测定二羟甲基丙酸反应液

建立了用高效液相色谱法( HPLC)测定二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)反应液的方法.采用ODS-SP反相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-磷酸盐(磷酸二氢钾30 mmol/L,pH 3.0)(5∶95)缓冲溶液,流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为210 nm.在此条件下,二羟甲基丙酸与反应液中其...     

硫酸高铈催化合成丙酸苄酯

以结晶硫酸高铈为催化剂对丙酸苄酯的合成进行了研究，考察了反应时间、催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比和带水剂等因素对反应的影响，结果表明，在最佳反应条件下，酯化率在85％以上。     

乙醇直接气相羰基化新催化剂

醇的羰基化合成是极有工业价值的过程 ,也是绿色化学中提倡的原子经济性反应 [1] .甲醇均相羰基化合成醋酸是 Monsanto公司成功开发应用的典范 [2 ] ,而乙醇羰基化合成丙酸或丙酸乙酯的研究尤其重要 .前文对一种性能优良的负载型 Ni系催化剂用于乙醇常压气相羰基化合成丙酸及其酯作了报道 [3,4] ,与均相羰基化相比 ,该反应具有条件温和 ,不使用贵金属铑 ,催化剂与产物不存在分离上的困难等优点 ,但反应体系仍需使用卤化物作促进剂 .由于碘乙烷的存在 ,反应系统设备腐蚀严重 (有 HI生成 ) ,产物分离精制复杂 .目前 ,醇的均相羰基化及多相羰…     

聚苯乙烯二乙醇胺树脂催化合成丙酸苄酯的研究

应用聚苯乙烯二乙醇胺树脂（PSDEA）催化苄氯与丙酸的酯化反应，合成了丙 酸苄酯。研究结果表明，聚苯乙烯二乙醇胺树脂具有较高的催化活性。考察了丙酸 ／苄氯摩尔比、催化剂用量和反应时间对酯产率的影响，在典型反应条件（丙酸： 苄氯摩尔比＝1．25：1，16．7gPSDEA／摩尔苄氯，80℃浴温，反应4．0h）下，所 得丙酸苄酯的产率为95．5％，该催化剂易于回收且可重复使用、具有良好的活性 稳定性。     

稀土固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2／La^3＋催化合成丙酸苄酯

采用浸渍法制备了稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+,并运用IR、XRD和Hammett指示剂法对其进行了表征.以制备的固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO23+为催化剂、丙酸和苯甲醇为原料合成了丙酸苄酯.考察了催化剂的制备条件及合成条件对酯化率的影响,结果显示催化剂最佳制备条件钛前体氧化物的浸渍液为含0.07 mol·L-1 La3+的硫酸溶液,焙烧时间3 h,焙烧温度500℃.最佳反应条件醇酸摩尔比为12、催化剂用量为苯甲醇用量的9.3%、反应时间3 h、反应温度120℃,酯化率达84.0%以上.用IR、1H-NMR等手段对产品进行了表征.     

作物秸秆降解中稀有机酸的萃取回收

作物秸秆有机降解的研究中,有机酸的回收利用是一个非常重要的环节,本研究采用低沸点的乙酸乙酯和高沸点的磷酸三丁酯（TBP）作萃取剂,对作物秸秆有机酸（乙酸,丙酸）降解中不同浓度的稀有机酸溶液（汽提液和洗涤液）用液－液淬取法回收,结果表明：磷酸三丁酯的萃取能力大于乙酸乙酯,同一萃取剂对丙酸的萃取效果比对乙酸好。     

吡唑[1,5-a]并吡啶-3-羧酸衍生物合成方法的改进

以取代吡啶为原料,在羟胺-O-磺酸的作用下,得到取代的N-氨基吡啶的硫酸盐,再通过1,3-偶极环加成反应,与丙炔酸乙酯生成吡唑[1,5-a]并吡啶-3-羧酸乙酯衍生物,然后在质量分数30%的NaOH水溶液作用下水解成酸。 该方法将取代的N-氨基吡啶的硫酸盐直接投入到下步反应,省去传统方法中将硫酸盐转化为碘盐的步骤,解决了碘盐不易析出的问题,并将取代的N-氨基吡啶硫酸盐和丙炔酸乙酯分别用水和二甲基甲酰胺溶解后再混合,增加了原料和K₂CO₃在体系中的溶解性,提高了产率。 本文成功合成了6种化合物(4a~4f),产率为88%~93%,该方法条件温和,后处理简单,成本低,是适合大规模生产的新工艺。     

新型除草剂威霸合成方法的改进

以对硝基氯苯为原料，经四步合成制得中间体２，６－二氯苯并口恶唑；以对苯二酚和２－氯丙酸为原料，经一步合成了另一中间体２－（４－羟基苯氧基）丙酸乙酯，两个中间体在二甲亚砜溶剂中，碳酸钠存在下缩合得到标题化合物，全程收率为４３％。     

The dielectric constant and salt effects upon the acid hydrolysis of ethyl formate

The hydrolysis of ethyl formate catalysed by hydrochloric acid was studied at three temperatures in water-acetone media and in water media containing different concentrations of sodium nitrate. The effect of various ionic strengths and dielectric constants upon the rate of acid hydrolysis of ethyl formate is presented from the point of electrostatics and the results were compared to like effects upon the acid hydrolysis of ethyl acetate and methyl propionate. Neither the dielectric constant effect nor the salt effect lends itself readily to theoretical interpretation. It was assumed that a partial explanation of these anomalous results might be in the extrapolation of the acid radical to the simplest carboxylic acid. This suggestion was supported somewhat by the trends towards less adherance to the electrostatic theory at certain temperatures in the series methyl propionate, ethyl acetate and ethyl formate.     

Unexpected Reactivity of Ethyl 2-(Diethylphosphono)Propionate Toward 2,2-Disubstituted-1,3-cyclopentanediones

Abstract

A Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reagent-ethyl 2-(diethylphosphono)propionate in the reaction with 2,2-disubstituted-1,3-cyclopentanediones, results in 4-oxohexanoic acid ethyl ester derivative up to 90% isolated yield. ³¹P-¹³C- and ¹H-NMR study of the intermediates of the reaction involving the ethyl 2-(diethylphosphono)propionate was accomplished.     

Features of clathrate formation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">trans</Emphasis>-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dicarboxylic acid

Structural data illustrating various ways of association of the molecules of host and guest observed in the clathrates of trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene-11,12-dicarboxylic acid (DED) with chloroform, ethyl propionate, 1,4-dioxane and acetone are presented. The following types of host-guest interactions are considered: “true clathrate” without host-guest hydrogen bonds (DED + chloroform, DED + ethyl propionate), infinite associate (DED + 1,4-dioxane) and discrete associate (DED + acetone).     

梨圆蚧性信息素3,7-二甲基-2,7-辛二烯-1-醇丙酸酯的合成

Gieselmann等鉴定出梨圆蚧性信息素的主要组分为(Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,7-辛二烯-1-醇丙酸酯(1_a)及相应的E-体(1_b)。     

Atmospheric chemistry of ethyl propionate

Ethyl propionate is a model for fatty acid ethyl esters used as first-generation biodiesel. The atmospheric chemistry of ethyl propionate was investigated at 980 mbar total pressure. Relative rate measurements in 980 mbar N(2) at 293 ± 0.5 K were used to determine rate constants of k(C(2)H(5)C(O)OC(2)H(5) + Cl) = (3.11 ± 0.35) × 10(-11), k(CH(3)CHClC(O)OC(2)H(5) + Cl) = (7.43 ± 0.83) × 10(-12), and k(C(2)H(5)C(O)OC(2)H(5) + OH) = (2.14 ± 0.21) × 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). At 273-313 K, a negative Arrhenius activation energy of -3 kJ mol(-1) is observed.. The chlorine atom-initiated oxidation of ethyl propionate in 980 mbar N(2) gave the following products (stoichiometric yields): ClCH(2)CH(2)C(O)OC(2)H(5) (0.204 ± 0.031), CH(3)CHClC(O)OC(2)H(5) (0.251 ± 0.040), and C(2)H(5)C(O)OCHClCH(3) (0.481 ± 0.088). The chlorine atom-initiated oxidation of ethyl propionate in 980 mbar of N(2)/O(2) (with and without NO(x)) gave the following products: ethyl pyruvate (CH(3)C(O)C(O)OC(2)H(5)), propionic acid (C(2)H(5)C(O)OH), formaldehyde (HCHO), and, in the presence of NO(x), PAN (CH(3)C(O)OONO(2)). The lack of acetaldehyde as a product suggests that the CH(3)CH(O)C(O)OC(2)H(5) radical favors isomerization over decomposition. From the observed product yields, we conclude that H-abstraction by chlorine atoms from ethyl propionate occurs 20.4 ± 3.1%, 25.1 ± 4.0%, and 48.1 ± 8.8% from the CH(3)-, -CH(2)-, and -OCH(2)- groups, respectively. The rate constant and branching ratios for the reaction between ethyl propionate and the OH radical were investigated theoretically using quantum mechanical calculations and transition state theory. The stationary points along the reaction path were optimized using the CCSD(T)-F12/VDZ-F12//BH&HLYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory; this model showed that OH radicals abstract hydrogen atoms primarily from the -OCH(2)- group (80%).     

A new synthesis of 3-amino-2-alkenoates

Magnesium enolates of t-butyl (or ethyl) acetate and t-butyl propionate are found to react with nitriles to give 3-amino-2-alkenoates having Z configuration.     

Vapor–liquid equilibria of the binary mixtures formed by nitromethane with five alkyl alkanoates at 101.3 kPa

Vapor–liquid equilibria were measured at 101.3 kPa, in a range of temperatures from 350.28 to 374.69 K, for five binary mixtures formed by nitromethane with ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, methyl propionate, and ethyl propionate. Calculations of nonideality of the vapor phase were made with Soave–Redlich–Kwong equation of state. Thermodynamic consistency of data was tested via Herington analysis. Two systems show minimum boiling azeotropes. The experimental VLE data were reduced and binary parameters for four liquid models, such as van Laar, Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC, were fitted. A comparison of model performances was made by using the criterion of average absolute deviations in boiling point and in vapor-phase composition.