Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3基固体复合电解质的制备及锂离子导电行为

将聚氧化乙烯(PEO)和二(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺锂(LiTFSI)混合(固定EO/Li摩尔比为13)后, 采用溶液浇注法制备了一系列不同Li_1.5Al_0.5Ge_1.5(PO₄)₃(LAGP)与PEO质量比的LAGP-PEO(LiTFSI)固体复合电解质体系. 结合电化学阻抗法、 表面形貌表征以及与惰性陶瓷填料(SiO₂, Al₂O₃) 性能的对比分析, 探讨了LAGP在固体复合电解质中的作用机理以及锂离子的导电行为. 结果表明, 在以LAGP为主相的固体复合电解质中, PEO主要处于无定形态, 整个体系主要为PEO与LiTFSI的络合相、 LAGP与PEO(LiTFSI)相互作用形成的过渡相和LAGP晶相. 其中LAGP作为主要的导电基体不仅起到降低PEO结晶度、 改善两相导电界面的作用; 同时自身也可以作为离子传输的通道, 降低锂离子迁移的活化能, 从而使离子电导率得到提高. 当LAGP与PEO的质量比为6:4时, 固体复合电解质的成膜性能最好, 离子电导率最高, 在30 ℃时为2.57×10^-5 S/cm, 接近LAGP的水平, 电化学稳定窗口超过5 V.     

拉伸状态下弹性聚醚酯聚集态结构和分子运动的固体高分辨核磁共振研究

用固体高分辨核磁共振碳谱方法对不同拉伸比的聚醚酯嵌段共聚物的聚集态结构和分子运动进行了研究,发现共聚物中的聚四氢呋喃(PTMO)链段在拉伸比为2 0时开始就出现结晶,且结晶度和晶片厚度都随着拉伸比增加而明显增加,而样品中未结晶部分的高频分子运动随拉伸比的变化则不明显,拉伸导致的PTMO结晶主要发生在“纯”的PTMO非晶区.通过1 H自旋扩散实验,估算出在拉伸比为4 . 0倍时,PTMO非晶区与结晶区的界面层厚度为1 .1nm ,PTMO非晶区与硬段的结晶区的界面厚度约为3 .1nm .     

PEO/LiClO_4复合体系电解质膜的固体NMR研究

自1973年,Wright[1]等发现聚氧乙烯(PEO)/碱金属盐复合物具有离子导电性之后,人们对复合物的导电机理以及如何进一步提高复合物导电率等问题开展了大量研究.长期以来,人们普遍认为复合物中碱金属离子的传输是通过PEO非晶区的链段运动来实现的[2],因此探索新的物理或化学方法,通     

聚氧乙烯-高氯酸锂-水复合物体系的固体核磁共振研究

运用13C和7Li固体高分辨核磁共振(NMR)技术对一系列以水作溶剂制备的不同配比聚氧乙烯(PEO)-高氯酸锂(LiClO4)复合物样品的相态结构进行了研究.发现在样品中有一定量水存在的条件下,随着LiClO4含量的增加,复合物体系经历了PEO的结晶逐渐被破坏,PEO与LiClO4形成的新的晶型逐渐增加的过程,当PEO单体与LiClO4的摩尔比在6/1与8/1之间时,样品完全非晶,水的存在对PEO与Li+的相互作用起到了明显的阻碍作用.     

介观结构SiO2/CdO纳米复合物为前驱体原位水热合成半导体CdSe和CdS纳米晶

以高度有序的介观结构SiO₂/CdO纳米复合物为前驱体,在硒源或硫源存在的还原性条件下,利用原位水热反应,合成了介观结构SiO₂/CdSe及SiO₂/CdS纳米复合物,除去SiO₂后,得到半导体CdSe及CdS纳米晶.通过X射线衍射(XRD),高分辨率透射电镜(HRTEM),X射线能散射谱(EDX)及选区电子衍射(SAED)等手段对产物进行了组成和结构表征.结果表明,介观结构SiO₂主体材料在合成过程中起到了一定的形貌和尺寸限制作用,得到的CdSe和CdS均为直径在8 nm左右的类球形六方相纳米晶.     

介孔结构增强的Fe3O4超粒子@介孔SiO2的光热性能

采用湿化学法制备了多功能Fe₃O₄超粒子@介孔SiO₂复合材料.该纳米复合材料具有超顺磁性,在商用磁铁下可实现快速富集、分离.SiO₂的包覆增强了Fe₃O₄超粒子在近红外光区的吸收,提高了其光热性能;介孔结构的构建提高了近红外光的利用率,进一步提升了纳米复合物的光热性能,且介孔SiO₂的壳层越厚,光热性能越优.细胞实验结果表明,Fe₃O₄超粒子@介孔SiO₂在近红外光照射下具有较高的癌细胞杀伤能力.     

载体效应对Ru基催化剂费托合成制烯烃的性能影响（英文）

本研究考察了不同载体(CeO₂、ZrO₂、MnO₂、SiO₂和活性炭)对负载型Ru基费托合成制烯烃(FTO)催化剂结构和催化性能的影响。结果表明,载体的本征属性和金属-载体相互作用(MSI)对催化性能有很大影响。在同一反应条件下的催化活性关系为：Ru/SiO₂> Ru/ZrO₂> Ru/MnO₂> Ru/AC> Ru/CeO₂。对于烯烃选择性,Ru/SiO₂和Ru/MnO₂得到的总烯烃选择性最高,超过70%,而Ru/ZrO₂催化剂的烯烃选择性低至29.9%。由于金属Ru与SiO₂的金属载体相互作用较弱,反应后的Ru/SiO₂催化剂得到适中的Ru纳米颗粒尺寸(～5 nm)且反应活性也最高。对于Ru/AC和Ru/MnO₂,其Ru纳米颗粒尺寸仅为1-3 nm,表现出...     

负载型铂催化剂中的载体效应

本文用程序升温热脱附法和氢氧滴定法研究了SiO₂、SiO₂·Al₂O₃、Al₂O₃、SiO₂·SnO₂和Al₂O₃·SnO₂等和Pt的相互作用,表明Pt和载体作用强弱的顺序为:Al₂O₃>SiO₂·Al₂O₃>SiO₂;发现SnO₂具有强化SiO₂和Al₂O₃载体效应的作用;提出Pt和载体相互作用较强部位可能是Pt和缺氧氧化物所形成的表面络合物--Pt-[Al₂O_x]和Pt-[SnO_x]。     

TiOx/SiO2复合载体上高分散Au催化剂的CO氧化性能

负载型Au催化剂中金与载体间存在相互作用,载体性质能够影响Au纳米颗粒分散度及稳定性.本文通过表面溶胶-凝胶(SSG)法制备了TiO_x/SiO₂复合载体,以期增加氧化物载体表面配位不饱和度从而使其具有较高的金属分散性,并利用低能离子散射(LEIS)谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及N₂物理吸附(BET)等手段对载体及催化剂进行表征分析.实验表明TiO_x/SiO₂复合载体表面TiO_x分散性良好,没有形成明显的TiO₂晶相,且与SiO₂间形成Ti―O―Si键.与Au/TiO₂相比, Au/TiO_x/SiO₂催化剂中Au纳米颗粒的分散性更好,因而CO氧化活性显著提高. TiO_x/SiO₂复合载体上的TiO₂膜是Au的主要表面键合位,导致Au与载体间相互作用增强,从而使得Au纳米颗粒抗烧结能力提高,同时催化剂反应稳定性得到改善.     

乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物非晶区结构和分子运动的固体核磁共振研究

利用固体高分辨1 3CCP MAS和变温固体质子宽线技术对乙烯 丙烯酸共聚物 (EAA)非晶区的结构和分子运动进行了研究 ,结果发现 ,非晶区中羧基之间可以形成氢键 ,其数量随着共聚物中丙烯酸共聚单体含量的增加而增加 ,使得共聚物中非晶区分子运动能力随非晶区相对含量的增加而减弱 ,这是一种与一般的乙烯共聚物相反的变化趋势 .通过交叉极化方法间接测量了非晶区中乙烯链段的1 H自旋 自旋弛豫时间 (T2 ) ,表明非晶区中乙烯链段的运动同样受到氢键的束缚 .随着温度的升高 ,羧基之间的氢键发生解离 ,非晶区的柔性增强     

PEO/LiClO_4纳米SiO_2复合聚合物电解质的电化学研究

将实验室制备的纳米二氧化硅和市售纳米二氧化硅粉末与PEO LiClO4复合 ,制得了复合PEO电解质 .它们的室温离子电导率可比未复合的PEO电解质提高 1～ 2个数量级 ,最高可以达到 1 2 4× 10 - 5S cm .离子电导率的提高有两方面的原因 :一是无机二氧化硅粉末的加入抑制了PEO的结晶 ,是二氧化硅粉末和聚合物电解质之间形成的界面对电导率的提高也有一定的作用 .在进一步加入PC EC(碳酸丙烯酯 碳酸乙烯酯 )混合增塑剂后制得的复合凝胶PEO电解质 ,可使室温离子电导率再提高 2个数量 ,达到 2× 10 - 3 S cm .用这种复合凝胶PEO电解质组装了Li|compositegelelectrolyte|Li半电池 ,并测量了该半电池的交流阻抗谱图随组装后保持时间的变化 ,实验观察到在保持时间为 144h以内钝化膜的交流阻抗迅速增大 ,但在随后的时间内逐渐趋于平稳 ,表明二氧化硅粉末的加入可以有效地抑制钝化膜的生长     

在位分散聚合聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/二氧化硅纳米复合材料研究

应用在位分散聚合方法制备了分散相粒径介于１３０ｎｍ左右的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯／二氧化硅ＰＭＭＡ／ＳｉＯ２纳米复合材料，并利用ＳＥＭ，ＤＭＡ，ＴＧＡ等手段研究了该体系的性能．结果表明，经表面处理的ＳｉＯ２无机填料在复合材料基体中分散均匀，界面粘结好．ＳｉＯ２填充粒子的用量对基体的热稳定性，动态力学行为，光学行为以及拉伸强度，弹性模量，断裂伸长率等力学性能都有较大影响     

聚(3-羟基丁酸酯)/聚氧化乙烯共混物非晶区相容性的固体核磁共振研究

用固体高分辨核磁共振碳谱方法研究了不同组成比的聚 (3 羟基丁酸酯 ) 聚氧化乙烯共混物的结晶度、非晶区的相容性和分子运动能力 .结果表明聚 (3 羟基丁酸酯 )的结晶度几乎不随组成比变化 ,而聚氧化乙烯的结晶度则随其在共混物中含量的降低而显著降低 .聚氧化乙烯的加入使得聚 (3 羟基丁酸酯 )非晶区的分子运动能力有所增强 .共混物的非晶区表现出一定的相容性 ,相容程度与共混物的组成比有关     

Density Functional Theoretical Studies on the Methanol Adsorption and Decomposition on Ru(0001) Surfaces

Periodic density functional theory(DFT) calculations are presented to describe the adsorption and decomposition of CH₃OH on Ru(0001) surfaces with different coverages, including p(3×2), p(2×2), and p(2×1) unit cells, corresponding to monolayer(ML) coverages of 1/6, 1/4, and 1/2, respectively. The geometries and energies of all species involved in methanol dissociation were analyzed, and the initial decomposition reactions of methanol and the subsequent dehydrogenations reactions of CH₃O and CH₂OH were all computed at 1/2, 1/4, and 1/6 ML coverage on the Ru(0001) surface. The results show that coverage exerts some effects on the stable adsorption of CH₃O, CH₂OH, and CH₃, that is, the lower the coverage, the stronger the adsorption. Coverage also exerts effects on the initial decomposition of methanol. C-H bond breakage is favored at 1/2 ML, whereas C-H and O-H bond cleavages are preferred at 1/4 and 1/6 ML on the Ru(0001) surface, respectively. At 1/4 ML coverage on the Ru(0001) surface, the overall reaction mechanism can be written as 9CH₃OH→3CH₃O+6CH₂OH+9H→6CH₂O+3CHOH+18H→7CHO+COH+CH+OH+26H→8CO+C+O+36H.     

喷涂法制备功能性超疏水复合涂层及其性能研究

以常用工程材料硅树脂BP与St(o)ber法合成的二氧化硅(SiO2)分散液为原料,运用喷涂法(spray-coating)制备出了功能性微/纳粗糙(MNR)结构的超疏水涂层,其接触角可以达到146.5°,滚动角小于1°(测试液滴量为15μL).通过分析喷涂法制备复合涂层所需的条件,得出喷涂液pH＝7.7-8.0时,在...     

Interfacial effect on confined crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide)/silica composites

The impact of nanoconfinement introduced by nanoparticles on polymer crystallization has attracted extensive attention because it plays an important role in the ultimate properties of polymer nanocomposites. In this study, interfacial and spatial confinement effects of silica (SiO₂) nanoparticles on the crystallization behaviors of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/SiO₂ composites were systematically investigated by changing the size and concentration of SiO₂ in PEO matrix. The composites with high silica loadings exhibit two crystallization peaks of PEO as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The first peak at 7–43 °C is related to the bulk PEO, while the second peak at ?20 to ?30 °C is attributed to the restricted PEO segments. Three‐layer (amorphous, interfacial, and bulk) model is proposed to interpret the confined crystallization of PEO/SiO₂ composites, which is supported by the results of thermogravimetric analysis and solid‐state ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance. In amorphous layer, most PEO segments are directly adsorbed on SiO₂ surface via hydrogen bonding. The interfacial PEO layer, which is nonuniform, is composed of crystallizable loops and tails extending from amorphous layer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 414–423     

Interactions between cellulose nanocrystals and anionic and neutral polymers in aqueous solutions

Physical structures of aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions in anionic polyelectrolyte carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and non-ionic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were investigated by studying their cross polarized, polarized optical microscope (POM) images and dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, ¹H spin–lattice relaxation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. The presence of anionic CMC and nonionic PEO in CNC suspensions led to two different kind of interactions. Semi-dilute CNC suspensions showed first gel-like behavior then phase separation by adding only semi-dilute un-entangled CMC polymer solutions, whereas the addition of PEO didn’t cause any significant change. POM images showed the phase transitions of CNC suspensions in the presence of CMC solutions from the isotropic state to nematic and chiral nematic phases. Dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and ¹H spin–lattice relaxation NMR data presented further arguments to explain polymer-CNC interactions in CMC and PEO solutions. ¹H NMR solvent relaxation technique determined the adsorption and depletion interactions between polymers and CNC. The minima in spin–spin specific relaxation rate constant showed the depletion of CNC nanoparticles in CMC. It is believed that the depletion flocculation was the case for the effects of CMC polymer chains in CNC suspensions. PEO was adsorbed on CNC surfaces and caused only weak depletion interactions due to the presence of soft particles.     

Molecular weight effect on the complexation of poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(ethylene oxide) as studied by high-resolution solid-state C NMR spectroscopy

Complexes of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with different PEO molecular weight were studied by solid-state high-resolution ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, with the emphasis on the PEO molecular weight effect on inter-polymer interaction, morphology and molecular motion. It is found that the crystalline phase of PEO is completely destroyed in the complex. The results of ¹H transverse relaxation times and ¹³C spin-lattice relaxation times indicate that the chain mobility of both PEO and PMAA are greatly restricted by inter-molecular hydrogen-bonding interactions, especially when the molecular weight of PEO is 1500. The bulk structures of the complexes are found to be closely dependent on the molecular weight of PEO. The fraction of “free” PEO segments without forming hydrogen-bonds with PMAA increases with increasing PEO molecular weight.     

球形SiO2-Al2O3的制备、结构和性能

将Na2SiO3·9H2O 溶液通过强酸性阳离子树脂进行离子交换得到酸性硅溶胶,再将硅溶胶与铝溶胶及六次甲基四胺混合后采用油柱成型法制备了球形SiO2-Al2O3复合氧化物. 通过XRD、BET 及TPD等手段对样品进行测试和表征, 结果表明, 600 ℃焙烧得到的SiO2-Al2O3中SiO2以无定型形式存在, 其比表面、孔容与表面酸性随SiO2含量的增加而提高, 孔径、堆密度随SiO2含量的提高而减小, 压碎强度基本保持不变.     

Synthesis of CdTe/SiO_2 Composites and Their Fluorescence Properties

Thioglycolic acid(TGA)-stabilized CdTe nanocrystals(NCs) were prepared with sodium tellurite as tellurium source,which avoids the cumbersome processes associated with H2Te or NaHTe sources.Fluorescent CdTe/SiO2 composites were synthesized by a sol-gel method without the exchange of surface ligands.The phase structure of CdTe NCs was investigated by X-ray diffractometry.For comparison,some characterizations were done for both the CdTe NCs and the composites.CdTe NCs and CdTe/SiO2 composites were characterize...