H原子和(CH_3)_2SiH_2抽提反应的理论研究

采用UMP2 / 6- 3 1G(d)理论水平优化了H原子和 (CH3) 2 SiH2 抽提反应势能面上的所有驻点 ,并在此水平基础上进行了内禀反应坐标 (IRC)的计算 ,得到该反应的反应途径 (MEP) .应用变分过渡态理论及最小能量途径半经典绝热基态隧道效应校正 (MEPSAG)、小曲率半经典绝热基态隧道效应校正 (SCSAG)等方法对上述反应进行了动力学研究 ,期望从理论上提供一套温度范围较宽、精度较高的动力学数据 ,为阐明反应机理和解释实验结果提供理论依据     

HNCS与CX(X=H,F,Cl)自由基反应的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论的UB3LYP方法，在6-31 G^*水平上按BERNY能量梯度解析法全参数优化了HNCS与CX(X=H，F，Cl)反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型，通过同一水平的振动频率分析确认了中问体和过渡态，并得到各驻点的零点能校正(Ezpc)．通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算确认了反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的相关性并得到最小能量途径(MEP)．为了得到体系势能面的更准确信息，在各驻点的UB3LYP／6-31 G^*构型基础上，又进行了UQCISD(T)／6-311 G^**水平上的单点能计算，得到体系的势能面信息和可能的反应机理．应用变分过渡态理论及最小能量途径半经典绝热基态(MEPSAG)、小曲率半经典绝热基态(SCSAG)隧道效应校正的方法计算了标题反应在250～1500K温度范围内的速率常数．研究结果表明，HNCS与CX自由基反应是通过分子间H原子迁移及N—C键的断裂，生成产物CS NCXH．反应均为放热反应．     

HNCO+OH->H2O+NCO的反应机理

采用从头算分子轨道法 (UHF/6 31G 水平 ,并用MP4加以相关能校正 )研究了HNCO OHH2 O NCO反应机理 .同时用Morokuma数值法获得了反应途径即内禀反应坐标 (IRC) .沿着IRC ,运用反应途径哈密顿理论 ,获得反应途径动态学信息 .在此基础上 ,根据过渡态理论和相应隧道效应校正 ,计算了在不同温度下的反应速率常数 ,得到了和实验相一致的结果 .计算结果表明 ,此反应是一步直接型的抽提H反应 .     

HNCO+OH→H2O+NCO的反应机理

采用从头算分子轨道法(UHF/6-31G**水平,并用MP4加以相关能校正)研究了HNCO+OH→H2O+NCO反应机理.同时用Morokuma数值法获得了反应途径即内禀反应坐标(IRC).沿着IRC,运用反应途径哈密顿理论,获得反应途径动态学信息.在此基础上,根据过渡态理论和相应隧道效应校正,计算了在不同温度下的反应速率常数,得到了和实验相一致的结果.计算结果表明,此反应是一步直接型的抽提H反应.     

CH_3CN+CH_3→CH_2CN+CH_4氢消除反应的直接动力学研究

采用直接动力学方法,对乙腈与甲基的反应进行了理论研究.在BHandHLYP/6-311G(d,p)和MP2/6-311G(d,p)水平下获得,稳定点的几何结构、振动频率及最小能量路径(MEP),在G3(MP2)和MC-QCISD水平下对能量信息进一步确认.利用正则变分过渡态理论,结合小曲率隧道效应校正(CVT/SCT)方法计算了该反应在220K～2000K的速率常数,与实验值符合得很好.     

CH(^4∑^-)+H2O→CH2(^3B1)+OH的直接动态学研究

用从头算方法计算了反应CH(^4∑^-)+H2O→CH2(^3B1)+OH的反应途径。在此基础上, 计算沿反应途径的动态学性质和正则变分过渡态理论的速率常数, 并进行隧道效应校正。结果表明, 电子相关能对反应活化位垒影响较大; 反应存在返回效应和隧道效应, 用正则变分过渡态方法和小曲率近似的隧道校正是有效的。     

H原子和SiH2Cl2抽提反应的理论研究

对H+SiH2Cl2反应进行了详细的理论研究,理论证明了抽提氢的通道是唯一可行的反应通道。并在从头算给出的电子结构信息基础上,用变分过渡态理论(CVT)加小曲率隧道效应校正(SCT)等方法对该反应进行了直接的动力学研究,得到该反应的理论速率常数,并详细讨论了各动力学参数沿反应坐标的变化。在较宽的温度范围内,反应速率常数表现出非Arrhenius行为,用三参数公式似合了速-温关系式,为k(T)=(1.32×10^-22)T^3.67exp(-26/T)。理论计算的速率常数与实验数值符合得很好。     

2-羟基-1-氧基乙烯自由基(C2H3O2)的分子内质子转移反应的理论研究

用量子化学从头计算方法研究了2-羟基-1-氧基乙烯自由基的质子转移反应。首先, 在UHF/3-21G的水平上, 采用能量梯度法优化了反应物和过渡态的几何构型, 然后利用这两个优化的构型做了振动分析, 找出相应的振动频率和模式, 从而得到质子转移反应的活化熵值。此外, 又做了内禀反应坐标途径(IRC)。为了求得比较准确的反应势能剖面, 以便进行隧道效应校正, 用多体微扰法(二级微扰)同时在参加转移的氢原子上附加了扩散函数p(UMP_2/3-21G~+)在IRC的各点上进行能量校正。根据从以上计算结果拟合的抛物线势, 求出质子转移的隧道效应校正系数为19.9, 然后由过渡状态理论计算了此反应的比速常数为7.4×10~(11)s~(-1)。此外, 还得到了该自由基的分子内氢键键能和键长分别为19.2 kJ mol~(-1)和0.2057 nm(UMP_2/3-21G~+结果)。     

H3PO→H2POH异构化反应的直接动力学研究

在QCISD(T)/6-311C++G(2df,2pd)//QCISD/6-311C++G(d,p)+ZPE水平上,对H3PO的异构化反应H3PO→(1)H2POH(trans)→(2)H2POH(cis)进行了计算研究.结果表明,H原子由P原子向O原子迁移反应(1)的能垒为250.0kJ/mol,是反应速率控制步骤,而O_H键绕P_O键旋转的构型转化反应(2)的能垒只为12.3kJ/mol.利用经典过渡态理论(TST)与变分过渡态理论(CVT)分别计算了反应(1)在200～2000K温度区间内的速率常数kTST和kCVT,获得了经小曲率隧道效应(SCT)及Eckart模型校正后的速率常数kTST/Eckart和kCVT/SCT.对只涉及H原子迁移的反应(1),量子力学隧道效应的影响在低温段非常明显,而变分效应对反应速率常数的影响很小.     

氢抽提反应CHBr2+HBr→CH2Br2+Br的直接动力学研究

采用直接动力学方法,对CHBr2+HBr→CH2Br2+Br反应通道进行了理论研究,在B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)水平下获得了优化几何构型、频率以及最小能量路径,更精确的单点能在B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2pd)水平下完成.利用正则变分过渡态理论,结合小曲率隧道效应校正方法计算了反应通道在220 K～2 000 K温度范围内的速率常数.在整个反应区间,隧道效应对反应的影响比较大;变分效应在低温时有一定的影响,在高温区间的影响很小可以忽略.计算得到的速率常数和已有实验值很好地吻合.     

Ab initio direct dynamics studies on the reaction of H atom with CH3CH2Cl

The multiple channel reaction H + CH(3)CH(2)Cl --> products has been studied by the ab initio direct dynamics method. The potential energy surface information is calculated at the MP2/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. The energies along the minimum energy path are further improved by single-point energy calculations at the PMP4(SDTQ)/6-311+G(3df,2p) level of theory. For the reaction, four reaction channels (one chlorine abstraction, one alpha-hydrogen abstraction, and two beta-hydrogen abstractions) have been identified. The rate constants for each reaction channel are calculated by using canonical variational transition state theory incorporating the small-curvature tunneling correction in the temperature range 298-5000 K. The total rate constants, which are calculated from the sum of the individual rate constants, are in good agreement with the experimental data. The calculated temperature dependence of the branching fractions indicates that for the title reaction, H-abstraction reaction is the major reaction channel in the whole temperature range 298-5000 K.     

HCN + OH→CN + H2O反应理论研究

The reaction path of the reaction HCN + OH→ CN + H2O was traced with Fukui's theory of intrinsic reaction coordinate by using ab initio MO method (at UMP4/6-31G** level) with gradient technique. On this basis, the dynamics properties along the reaction path was investigated by reaction path Hamiltonian theory. The rate constants of this reaction at different temperatures were calculated by conventional and variational transition state theory with tunneling correction. The theoretically calculated rate constants are in good agreement with experimental results, this shows that the title reaction is an one step, direct reaction.     

Direct dynamics study of the hydrogen abstraction reaction of CF3CH2Cl + Cl → CF3CHCl + HCl

The hydrogen abstraction reaction of Cl atoms with CF₃CH₂Cl (HCFC‐133a) is investigated by using density function theory and ab initio approach, and the rate constants are calculated by using the dual‐level direct dynamics method. Optimized geometries and frequencies of reactants, transition state, and products are computed at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(2d,2p) level. To refine the energetic information along the minimum energy path, single‐point energy calculations are carried out at the G3(MP2) level of theory. The interpolated single‐point energy method is employed to correct the energy profiles for the title reaction. The rate constants are evaluated by using the canonical variational transition state theory with a small‐curvature tunneling correction over a wide range of temperature, 200–2000 K. The variational effect for the reaction is moderate at low temperatures and very small at high temperatures. However, the tunneling correction has an important contribution in the lower temperature range. The agreement between calculated rate constants and available experimental values is good at lower temperatures but diverges significantly at higher temperatures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 661–667, 2012     

Kinetic study on the H + SiH4 abstraction reaction using an ab initio potential energy surface

Variational transition state theory calculations with the correction of multidimensional tunneling are performed on a 12-dimensional ab initio potential energy surface for the H + SiH(4) abstraction reaction. The surface is constructed using a dual-level strategy. For the temperature range 200-1600 K, thermal rate constants are calculated and kinetic isotope effects for various isotopic species of the title reaction are investigated. The results are in very good agreement with available experimental data.     

Direct Ab Initio Dynamics Study on the Reaction of CH3CHF2 (HFC‐152a) with the Cl Atom

A direct ab initio dynamics method is used to investigate the hydrogen‐abstraction reaction CH₃CHF₂+Cl. One transition state is located for α‐H abstraction, and two are identified for β‐H abstraction. The potential‐energy surface (PES) is obtained at the G3(MP2)//MP2/6‐311G(d, p) level. Furthermore, the rate constants of the three channels are evaluated by using canonical variational transition‐state theory (CVT) with small‐curvature tunneling (SCT) contributions over a wide temperature range of 200–2500 K. The dynamic calculations show that the reaction proceeds mainly by α‐H abstraction over the whole temperature range. The calculated rate constants and branching ratios are both in good agreement with the available experimental values.     

CHF2CH3(HFC-152a)与F反应的反应途径及反应速率常数研究

本文用从头计算法(UMP2/6-31G)对氟与二氟乙烷的与1位、2位碳相连的氢的抽提氢反应进行研究。CHF2CH3+F→CF2CH3+HF(R1), CHF2CH3+F→CHF2CH2+HF(R2)。在内禀反应坐标(IRC)的势能剖面基础上用传统过渡态、变分过渡态理论计算了上述两个反应的速率常数及比值, 获得了与实验相一致的结果。     

Theoretical Investigation on the Abstraction Reaction of H with (CH3)3SiH

IntroductionThe reaction of H with trimethylsilane playsan important role in etching silicon surface.Al-though many investigations of this reaction havebeen reported[1— 5] ,the rate constants obtained cov-er a wide range,which thus makes itdifficultto es-tablish reactivity patterns. This conflict betweenthe results often appears to be associated with thedifferent experimental methods employed.Anotherdeficiency is that the most work has been carriedout only at room temperature.To our knowledg…     

F+HC≡CH→HC≡C+HF反应的理论研究

在大气化学和燃烧历程的研究中，只含两个碳原子的碳氢化合物自由基的研究占有很重要的地位．乙炔与氟原子的反应是实验室制取HCZC·自由基的重要方法．因此乙炔与氟原子的反应在动力学研究中一直很受重视．乙炔与氟原子的反应存在有以下三种反应方式问：门抽取反应：F＋C。H。