硫酸钙晶须改性双马来酰亚胺树脂摩擦磨损性能的研究

研究了载荷、偶联剂及硫酸钙晶须用量对双马来酰亚胺树脂摩擦磨损性能的影响及材料的磨损机制.结果表明,当摩擦载荷较大时,树脂基体在摩擦过程中出现明显的塑性变形和裂纹,而经过硫酸钙晶须改性的复合材料体系则塑性变形和裂纹情况得到明显的改善,并且磨损量显著降低.载荷从200 N增大到300 N后,树脂基体的磨损机制从粘着磨损过渡为严重的疲劳磨损,添加晶须体系仍以粘着磨损为主.晶须添加量较小时,复合材料的磨损机理主要为粘着磨损,晶须添加量较高时,磨粒磨损占主导地位.     

钛酸钾晶须填充环氧树脂复合材料的摩擦磨损特性

以提高环氧树脂的摩擦磨损性能为目的,研究了钛酸钾晶须(PTW)填充环氧树脂复合材料的滑动干摩擦磨损特性,着重探讨PTW含量、摩擦条件等对复合材料摩擦性能的影响.通过对复合材料磨损表面的形貌分析以及复合材料表面硬度的测定,探讨了复合材料的磨损机理.结果表明:PTW能明显提高环氧树脂耐磨性并降低其摩擦系数,w(PTW)=0.08的环氧树脂复合材料的耐磨性比纯环氧树脂提高近10倍,摩擦系数降低35%.     

钛酸钾晶须对热硫化硅橡胶性能的影响

研究了钛酸钾晶须对热硫化硅橡胶复合材料的硫化特性、力学性能及热稳定性的影响,通过扫描电镜观察了复合材料的断面及晶须在基体中的分散性。结果表明:钛酸钾晶须能促进硅橡胶的硫化,提高其最高扭矩;同时,钛酸钾晶须对硅橡胶具有一定的补强作用,拉伸强度、硬度等随晶须用量的增加而增大;钛酸钾晶须的引入,使硅橡胶复合材料的热稳定性明显提高,填充量为9vol%时,与纯硅橡胶相比,复合材料的热分解温度提高了65℃,Kissinger法求出填充量为12vol%的钛酸钾晶须/硅橡胶复合材料的热分解活化能为193.62kJ/mol,高于相同填充量的白炭黑/硅橡胶复合材料,具有较好的热稳定性。     

CaCO3/PEEK复合体系的力学行为和热行为研究

以聚醚醚酮和碳酸钙复合体系为研究对象,考察了偶联剂和填料添加量对复合材料力学行为和热行为的影响.发现磺化聚醚醚酮作为偶联剂能有效地改善材料的力学性能,提高基体树脂的玻璃化转变温度,降低基体树脂的熔点,有助于改善聚醚醚酮的加工条件     

晶须及其在高分子材料中的应用

简要介绍了目前高分子材料改性中常用的晶须，如钛酸钾晶须、硼酸铝晶须、氧化锌晶须等，主要对其在橡胶、热塑性弹性体、热塑性树脂以及热固性树脂中的应用作了详尽论述。     

一种硅烷偶联剂的合成及其在白炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料中的应用

采用γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(A187)与对氨基二苯胺(PPDA)反应,制备得到一种具有防老化功能的硅烷偶联剂,并通过1H-NMR、IR和MS对其结构进行表征.之后,将不同用量的硅烷偶联剂用于原位改性白炭黑制备防老功能化白炭黑/天然橡胶(NR)复合材料,并与相应的炭黑/NR、未改性白炭黑/NR及双-(γ-三乙氧基硅基丙基)四硫化物(Si69)改性白炭黑/NR在加工性能、增强性能和防老化性能方面进行对比.硫化特性数据表明,防老偶联剂的添加使复合材料的黏度降低,最大转矩增加,正硫化时间缩短.动态黏弹性能显示,改性后白炭黑的分散性得到明显提高.复合材料的力学性能先随防老偶联剂用量的增加而提高,之后到达平台.当防老偶联剂的用量大于或等于白炭黑质量的10.8%时,复合材料的拉伸强度与炭黑/NR、Si69改性白炭黑/NR相当,远大于未改性白炭黑/NR的强度;而其撕裂强度都大于3种对比复合材料.经过100℃下不同天数的热氧老化后,添加防老偶联剂的复合材料表现出良好的性能保持率,优于添加防老剂4020的3种对比材料,表明防老偶联剂具有更好的防护效果.     

W掺杂NbSe2及其Cu基复合材料摩擦学性能研究

本文利用固相合成法制备W掺杂的NbSe2,且以Nb1-xWxSe2为固体润滑相,Cu为基体相,通过粉末冶金的方法制备出不同质量百分比含量的Nb1-xWxSe2/Cu基复合材料。利用XRD、SEM、TEM测试手段分析了样品中的相成分、微观形貌,采用电阻率检测仪、材料试验机和排水法测试块体样品的电阻率、硬度和密度,并用摩擦磨损试验机对其摩擦磨损性能进行评价。结果表明随着W掺杂量的增加,Nb1-xWxSe2的形貌由规则的微米六方片转变为纳米片和纳米带的混合,掺杂对电阻率影响不大。随着Nb1-xWxSe2添加量的增加,Nb1-xWxSe2/Cu基复合材料的电阻率缓慢升高,摩擦系数呈现不同规律变化。当Nb1-xWxSe2中W掺杂量x=0且其添加质量为10%时,NbSe2/Cu基复合材料体系拥有最佳摩擦磨损性能,摩擦系数为0.15,磨痕平滑且宽度较窄。当Nb1-xWxSe2中W掺杂量x=3%且Nb0.97W0.03Se2的添加质量为5%时,Nb0.97W0.03Se2/Cu基复合材料拥有最佳摩擦磨损性能,摩擦系数为0.17,磨痕更加平滑且磨痕浅。这是由于Nb0.97W0.03Se2中同时均匀存在纳米带和纳米片,它们互相缠绕在一起,在复合材料中纳米片起到润滑成膜的作用,纳米带类似于鸟巢中的草屑和树枝,起到了增强增韧的作用,促使材料的力学和摩擦学性能同时提高。     

纳米纤维素晶须的表面改性及其在环氧树脂中的应用

以棉纤维素为原料,采用硫酸水解法制备了纳米纤维素晶须.以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为分散介质,二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)为催化剂,十二烯基琥珀酸酐为酯化剂对纳米纤维素晶须进行化学改性,得到了一系列取代程度不同的改性产物(记为DCNW).采用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对DCNW的结构和性能进行了分析和表征.选择表面取代度为0.3的改性产物作为复合材料的增强相.该改性产物能在丙酮中均匀分散和稳定悬浮,并且保持了改性前纳米纤维素晶须的棒状形态和高结晶度.将其分散于环氧单体中,通过浇铸法制备了纳米复合材料,考察了改性纳米纤维素晶须添加量对纳米复合材料拉伸性能、动态力学性能及耐湿热性的影响规律.结果表明,与空白环氧树脂相比,添加了改性纳米纤维素晶须的纳米复合材料的拉伸强度、杨氏模量和断裂伸长率都得到了提高.玻璃化转变温度、耐湿热性也得到了显著改善.其中,当改性纳米纤维素晶须的添加量为3.5%时,拉伸强度从纯环氧的39.85 MPa提高到72.33 MPa,增加了82%;杨氏模量增大了21%;断裂伸长率从纯环氧树脂的2.45%提高到7.29%,增加了198%;Tg值从纯环氧的103.4℃,提高到134.1℃;吸水率从1.9%下降到1.4%.     

钛酸钾晶须界面性质研究

通过乳液聚合的方法对钛酸钾晶须进行表面改性,获得了表面包裹聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的钛酸钾晶须. FT-IR、SEM、EDS的表征表明,钛酸钾晶须的表面包裹了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯膜,形成了以钛酸钾晶须为核,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯为壳的复合粒子.研究表明,改性后的晶须表面能降低,在有机溶液中的界面张力大大降低,与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的界面性质相似,说明改性后的晶须基本被聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯完全包裹,因此晶须由亲水性变为疏水性,在有机溶液中的分散性显著提高.     

铈对5CrMnMo热作模具钢组织及耐磨性的影响

研究了添加4种不同含量Ce的5CrMnMo热作模具钢的组织及耐磨性，通过分析组织和磨痕形貌，以及平均磨损率和摩擦系数变化情况，与不添加Ce的5CrMnMo钢进行对比。结果表明：Ce添加量在适当的范围内组织得到显著细化，平均磨损率和摩擦系数有了明显下降，磨痕形貌也比较细而浅，从而使耐磨性得到有效提高。并且当Ce添加量为0．20％（质量分数）时，5CrMnMo钢的表面平均磨损量最少，耐磨性最好，其平均磨损率是不添加Ce的5CrMnMo钢的63．81％。     

PREPARATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF T-ZnOw/PS COMPOSITES

The main subject of this work is about the preparation of T-ZnOw/PS composites through different methods and the evaluation of mechanical properties of the composites.Different surface modification methods of T-ZnOw whiskers,the so called wet-type modification and dry-type modification,and different molding processing methods of T-ZnOw/PS composites,namely compression molding and injection molding,have been employed.Two different coupling agents, titanate coupling agent (NDZ105) and silane coupling agent...     

Effects of cellulose whiskers on properties of soy protein thermoplastics

Environmentally-friendly SPI/cellulose whisker composites were successfully prepared using a colloidal suspension of cellulose whiskers, to reinforce soy protein isolate (SPI) plastics. The cellulose whiskers, having an average length of 1.2 microm and diameter of 90 nm, respectively, were prepared from cotton linter pulp by hydrolyzing with sulfuric acid aqueous solution. The effects of the whisker content on the morphology and properties of the glycerol-plasticized SPI composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, water-resistivity testing and tensile testing. The results indicated that, with the addition of 0 to 30 wt.-% of cellulose whiskers, strong interactions occurred both between the whiskers and between the filler and the SPI matrix, reinforcing the composites and preserving their biodegradability. Both the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the SPI/cellulose whisker composites increased from 5.8 to 8.1 MPa and from 44.7 to 133.2 MPa, respectively, at a relative humidity of 43%, following an increase of the whisker content from 0 to 30 wt.-%. Furthermore, the incorporation of the cellulose whiskers into the SPI matrix led to an improvement in the water resistance for the SPI-based composites.     

EFFECTS OF COUPLING AGENTS ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF PP/T-ZnOw COMPOSITES

The objectives of this paper are to understand the crystallization behavior of polypropylene(PP)composites with surface modified tetra-needle-shaped zinc oxide whisker(T-ZnOw).T-ZnOw was surface modified with different coupling agents,such as silane coupling agents(KH-550,KH-560)and titanate coupling agent(NDZ-105),in order to improve the compatibility between PP and T-ZnOw.DSC and POM were used to characterize the melt and crystallization behavior and the crystalline structures of the composites,respectively.The results show that the surface modified T-ZnOw acts as a nucleating agent of PP crystallization,depending on the coupling agent used for modification.KH-550 and KH-560 have more apparent role in improving the interfacial interaction than NDZ-105 and induce PP crystallization at higher temperature and with smaller spherulites size.The results also suggest that the crystallization behavior depends on not only the content of coupling agent,but also the content of the surface modified T-ZnOw used in the composites.     

STUDY ON APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM TITANATE WHISKER MATERIALS IN PREPARATION OF PHOTOCATALYST

The K2Ti4O9 whiskers were chosen for the catalyst carrier, TiO2/potassium titanate photocatalyst was prepared by Sol-gel method The product was characterated by X-ray diffraction and SEM. EDS shows that, the main peck included Ti, O, and K in potassium titanate whisker. The main peak of K disappeared and the peaks of Ti, O stayed after whisker was covered It directed that the surface of sample was covered by TiO2. XRD shows that diffraction peak appeared, which was corresponded to the peak of anatase TiO2. In the reaction device of photochemistry, using middle-pressure mercury lamp as illumination, rhodamine B as simulant pollutant, the photocatalytic performance of TiO2/potassium titanate was studied. Under the same conditions, the lower pH, the larger illuminance, the higher temperature, the greater aeration quantum and the lower initial concentration of rhodamine B, the higher decoloration rate was got. Under our experiment conditions： pH 6, the illuminance of 250W, the temperature of 313K, and the aeration quantum of 2.0L/min. When the concentration of rhodamine B was 8mg/L The photocatalyst of TiO2/potassium titanate was 0.01g/L. The decoloration rate of TiO2/potassium titanate dealt with the rhodamine B reach over 95% in 160min, and compare with TiO2, the decoloration rate of rhodamine B was improved 0.50-1.91 multiple. TiO2/potassium titanate can be used to treatment of dye wastewater.     

Surface functionalizing effect of fillers on the tribological properties of MWCNT reinforcement HSGFs/phenolic laminate composites under water lubrication

Multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and high strength glass fabrics (HSGFs) were modified by polydopamine and polyethyleneimine, respectively. The aim is to improve the friction and wear performance of the synthesized laminate composites in water environment. In this work, polydopamine was used to improve the dispersibility of MWCNTs in phenolic resin matrix, and polyethyleneimine was utilized to enhance the wettability and reactivity of HSGFs. The modified results showed that the dispersibility of MWCNTs treated by polydopamine in water had a distinct improvement in comparison with that of the pristine MWCNTs. Furthermore, it can be clearly observed that good dispersibility can improve the friction and wear performance of the laminate composites. After functionalizing HSGFs by polyethyleneimine, the laminate composites exhibited excellent interfacial bonding, also greatly enhancing the friction and wear properties of the composites.     

The Wear Resistance of Composite Materials Based on Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene with Fillers of Various Types

The tribological properties and wear resistance under different action of composite materials based on of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and fillers of various types such as organomodified montmorillonite (MMT), graphite nanoplates (GNP), molybdenum disulfide, and shungite prepared via polymerization in situ are studied. According to the obtained results, the introduction of these fillers to UHMWPE in the amount of 0.4–7 wt % has almost no effect on the value of the coefficient of sliding friction on steel in the mode of dry friction. Composites with GNP, MoS₂, and shungite are characterized by a significant (two- to threefold) increase in the wear resistance in the case of sliding friction on steel. The abrasive wear of composites in the case of friction on an abrasive paper is substantially affected by the type of filler, the use of MMT was the most effective for increasing the wear resistance of composites. In the case of a highspeed impact effect of water–sand suspensions all the studied composites are characterized by increased wear resistance in comparison with industrial UHMWPE at a low concentration of fillers and by an increase in the wear with the increase of the filler content.