C59XH (X＝N, B)自由基加成区域选择性的理论研究

用半经验的AM1方法, 对C₅₉XHCl_2n (X＝N, B; n＝1～2)和C₆₀H₂Cl_2n (n＝1～2)的异构体进行几何构型全优化和振动频率计算, 结合密度泛函B3LYP/6-31G*单点能计算确定各异构体的相对稳定性. 对比C₅₉XH (X＝N, B)和C₆₀H₂的H₂加成方式, 计算结果表明H₂或Cl₂加在碳笼官能化部分的邻近位置在能量上都是有利的; C₅₉NH和C₅₉BH自由基多加成物区域选择性的差别可归因于N原子和B原子电子性质的不同; 立体效应是导致H₂和Cl₂加成方式不同的主要原因.     

298.15 K Li2B4O7-MgCl2-H2O体系热力学性质的电动势法测定及离子相互作用模型的研究

测定了298.15 K下, 无液接电池Li-ISE│Li₂B₄O₇ (m_A)(aq.), MgCl₂(m_B)(aq.)│AgCl/Ag的电动势, 利用测定结果计算了Li₂B₄O₇-MgCl₂-H₂O体系离子强度在0.05～3 mol•kg^－1范围内, 不同MgCl₂离子强度分数的溶液中LiCl的平均活度系数, 并给出了其随离子强度I, B₄O₇^2－和Mg^2＋浓度的变化规律. 结合以往关于该体系和Li₂B₄O₇-LiCl-H₂O, Li₂B₄O₇-H₂O体系的等压研究结果, 用迭代和多元线性回归方法对Li^＋-Mg^2＋-Cl^－-B₄O₇^2－-H₂O体系的离子相互作用模型进行了研究. 具体方法为考虑了该体系在不同的总硼浓度范围H₃BO₃, B(OH)₄^－, B₃O₃(OH)₄^－和B₄O₅(OH)₄^2－四种含硼化合物的存在以及各硼化合物间的化学平衡, 以修正了的Pitzer渗透系数方程和活度系数方程为基础, 对该体系的等压法和电动势法研究结果进行最小二乘拟合, 拟合的标准偏差为0.0167, 用该模型计算的该体系的渗透系数、活度系数与实验值基本一致.     

C78(CH2)2结构和光谱的半经验和密度泛函研究

用INDO系列方法研究C₇₈(CH₂)₂的18种可能异构体，表明最稳定异构体是42,43,62,63-C₇₈(CH₂)₂,其中CH₂加在C₇₈（C_2V）椭球长轴所穿过的同一六员环的两个6/6键上，形成类环丙烷结构。并对最稳定的四种异构体用B3LYP/3-21G方法进行了结构优化,在此基础上, 用INDO/CIS方法计算的C₇₈(CH₂)₂稳定异构体的电子光谱的第一吸收峰和用AM1方法计算的碳笼上的C-C键的主要红外振动频率与C₇₈（C_2V）相比发生兰移，原因是C₇₈(CH₂)₂具有较大的LUMO-HOMO能隙和由于加成带来的共轭体系变小。在B3LYP/3-21G水平上计算的¹³C NMR谱表明,被加成的C-C键上的C原子化学位移向高场移动, 这是因为sp²杂化的C 原子被转化为 sp³杂化的C 原子.     

298.15 K Li2B4O7-MgCl2-H2O体系热力学性质的电动势法测定及离子相互作用模型的研究

测定了298.15 K下, 无液接电池Li-ISE│Li₂B₄O₇ (m_A)(aq.), MgCl₂(m_B)(aq.)│AgCl/Ag的电动势, 利用测定结果计算了Li₂B₄O₇-MgCl₂-H₂O体系离子强度在0.05～3 mol•kg^－1范围内, 不同MgCl₂离子强度分数的溶液中LiCl的平均活度系数, 并给出了其随离子强度I, B₄O₇^2－和Mg^2＋浓度的变化规律. 结合以往关于该体系和Li₂B₄O₇-LiCl-H₂O, Li₂B₄O₇-H₂O体系的等压研究结果, 用迭代和多元线性回归方法对Li^＋-Mg^2＋-Cl^－-B₄O₇^2－-H₂O体系的离子相互作用模型进行了研究. 具体方法为考虑了该体系在不同的总硼浓度范围H₃BO₃, B(OH)₄^－, B₃O₃(OH)₄^－和B₄O₅(OH)₄^2－四种含硼化合物的存在以及各硼化合物间的化学平衡, 以修正了的Pitzer渗透系数方程和活度系数方程为基础, 对该体系的等压法和电动势法研究结果进行最小二乘拟合, 拟合的标准偏差为0.0167, 用该模型计算的该体系的渗透系数、活度系数与实验值基本一致.     

C4H4Y (Y＝O, S, Se)与BX3 (X＝H, F, Cl)作用的计算化学研究

采用量子化学的密度泛函B3LYP和二阶微扰MP2(full)方法对C₄H₄Y (Y＝O, S, Se)与BX₃ (X＝H, F, Cl)形成的电子授受型复合物进行了研究, 所得18个复合物的构型包括BX₃位于C＝C双键上方的π-p作用型和B与O, S, Se直接作用的n-p作用型. 体系C₄H₄Y-BH₃以n-p作用型较为稳定, 体系C₄H₄Y-BF₃, C₄H₄Y-BCl₃的π-p和n-p作用型复合物稳定性相当. 对各复合物的几何构型、振动频率和自然键轨道分析表明, 复合物的形成过程中均存在几何构型的改变、电荷的转移和振动频率的变化, 它们的变化规律与复合物稳定性的变化规律基本一致, 即按H, F, Cl的顺序依次降低.     

两个闭式十一顶钌硼烷簇合物[(PPh3)(p-BrC6H4CO2)2RuB10H8]和[(PPh3)2Ru(p-BrC6H4CO2)(PPh3)RuB10H9]的合成与晶体结构

[RuCl₂(PPh₃)₃],B₁₀H₁₀^2-与p-BrC₆H₄COOH在CH₂Cl₂中回流, 得到两个闭式十一顶钌十硼烷簇合物: [(PPh₃)(p-BrC₆H₄CO₂)₂RuB₁₀H₈] (1) 和 [(PPh₃)₂Ru(PPh₃)(p-BrC₆H₄CO₂)RuB₁₀H₉] (2), 并进行了元素分析、红外光谱、¹H核磁共振谱、¹³C核磁共振谱、X-射线单晶衍射表征. 簇合物1属于单斜晶系，空间群为C2/c, a = 2.569(4) nm, b=1.546(2) nm, c=1.927(3) nm, β=95.11(2)°, Z=8, V=7.622(21) nm³, D_c=1.533 Mg/m³, F(000)=3472, S=1.009, R=0.0418, wR=0.0775; 簇合物2属于三斜晶系, 空间群为P-1, a = 1.3142(3) nm, b=1.3761(3) nm, c=1.8503(4) nm, α=90.445(4)°, β=105.950(4)°, g=108.980(4)°, Z=2, V=3.0251(12) nm³, D_c=1.434Mg/m³, F(000)=1316, S=1.007, R=0.0464, wR=0.1175. 单晶结构分析表明, 两个簇合物的中心都具有一个闭式1:2:4:2:2堆砌结构的十一顶{RuB₁₀}金属硼烷骨架, 硼笼开口处具有船式构象的环状的六个硼原子对Ru(1)原子呈h⁶船式配位. 在簇合物1中, 钌原子有三个簇外配体, 一个三苯基膦, 两个对溴苯甲酸根. 对溴苯甲酸根上另外的两个氧原子分别取代了B(2)和B(3)上的氢原子, 从而在簇合物的两侧形成两个对称的Ru-O-C-O-B五员环. 簇合物2是一个双金属钌硼烷簇合物, Ru(2)通过一个Ru-Ru键和两个{RuH_mB}桥键与簇合物中心{RuB₁₀}相连, 从而在簇外形成了一个变形的Ru(1)-Ru(2)-B(3)-B(6)四面体结构.     

一种用于检测罗红霉素和B4O72-的高稳定性Cd(Ⅱ)配位聚合物

在溶剂热条件下,成功合成了一种稳定的配位聚合物[Cd₂(L)(bpb)(H₂O)₄]·0.5H₄L(1)(H₄L=1,1''-乙烷基联苯-3,3'',5,5''-四羧酸,bpb=1,4-二(4-吡啶基)苯)。1在不同的有机溶剂和水中表现出优异的稳定性。1可通过荧光猝灭检测水中的罗红霉素(ROX)和B₄O₇^2-,检测限分别为0.21和1.59μmol·L^-1。1可成功用于延河水中ROX和B₄O₇^2-的测定。此外,分析讨论了其传感机理。     

一种用于检测罗红霉素和B4O72-的高稳定性Cd(Ⅱ)配位聚合物

在溶剂热条件下,成功合成了一种稳定的配位聚合物[Cd₂(L)(bpb)(H₂O)₄]·0.5H₄L (1)(H₄L=1,1''-乙烷基联苯-3,3'',5,5''-四羧酸,bpb=1,4-二(4-吡啶基)苯)。1在不同的有机溶剂和水中表现出优异的稳定性。1可通过荧光猝灭检测水中的罗红霉素(ROX)和B₄O₇^2-,检测限分别为0.21和1.59 μmol·L^-1。1可成功用于延河水中ROX和B₄O₇^2-的测定。此外,分析讨论了其传感机理。     

nido-C2B9H112-碳硼烷异构体结构和稳定性的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函方法对11顶点巢式碳硼烷C2B9H112-异构体进行了几何结构优化,分析了稳定性、电荷分布及分子轨道.结果表明,9个异构体都有对应的稳定构型,保持了巢式骨架结构.C取代开口五元环上B的异构体更稳定,且随取代数目增加和C原子间距增加而增加,C—C键和C—B键作用增强.C取代内层B使异构体稳定性降低,C—C键和C—B键长随之增长.负电荷主要集中在C原子上,开口五元环上的C原子上负电荷要比内层C原子更多,成为亲核取代反应中心.异构体分子前线轨道具有和η5-C5H5-相似的π键性质,ΔELUMO-HOMO反映的化学稳定性与结构能量稳定性趋势一致.     

B离子掺杂TiO2催化剂(TiO2－xBx)光催化活性的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出纳米TiO₂和TiO_2－xB_x催化剂. 光催化实验证明, TiO_2－xB_x催化剂的紫外、可见光催化活性均高于TiO₂. XRD, XPS和Raman结果表明, B离子是以取代式掺杂占据了TiO₂的O^2－的晶格位置. UV-Vis和PL谱的结果表明, B离子的2p轨道与O的2p轨道形成混合价带, 产生可见光响应, B离子的掺入有效地阻止了光生载流子的复合, 促进了其分离, 是TiO_2－xB_x催化剂紫外、可见光催化活性提高的主要原因.     

异质富勒烯C58P2的理论研究

用ＭＮＤＯ半径能方法研究了异质富勒烯Ｃ５８Ｐ２各异构体的结构和相对稳定性。结果表明,１,４－位取代的异构体最稳定,异构体的稳定性随杂原子同距离的增加而降低。Ｃ５５８Ｐ２分子和稳定性比全碳富勒烯Ｃ６０低,但仍具有相当的稳定性,是潜在的合成目标。杂原子磷的掺杂改善了富勒烯的氧化还原性能。考察了各异构体的整体硬度和绝对电负性,产根据绝对电负性的差异预测了富勒烯和异质富勒烯间形成聚合物时的电子转移。     

DFT Studies on Thermal Stabilities,Electronic Structures,and ~（13）C Chemical Shifts of C_（24）O_2 Based on Fullerene C_（24）（D_6）

Quantum chemical calculations on some possible equilibrium geometries of C24O2 isomers derived from C24 (D6) and C24O have been performed using density functional theory (DFT) method. The geometric and electronic structures as well as the relative energies and thermal stabilities of various C24O2 isomers at the ground state have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. And the 1,4,2,5-C24O2 isomer was found to be the most stable geometry where two oxygen atoms were added to the longest carbon-carbon bonds in the same pentagon from a thermodynamic point of view. Based on the optimized neutral geometries, the vertical ionization potential and vertical electron affinity have been obtained. Meanwhile, the vibrational frequencies, IR spectrum, and 13C chemical shifts of various C24O2 isomers have been calculated and analyzed.     

C24和B12N12团簇的结构与稳定性

本文采用量子化学密度泛函理论的B3LYP/6-31G*方法,对C24和B12N12团簇的12种异构体进行了优化,并对它们的几何构型、振动频率、核独立化学位移(NICS)和结合能进行了理论探讨, 比较了C24和B12N12团簇结构的稳定性。研究表明:C24团簇的最稳定几何构型为类石墨结构d,B12N12团簇的最稳定结构为4/6笼状结构g。C24异构体的稳定性大小顺序为d > b > f > c > a > e。B12N12团簇异构体稳定性大小顺序为a > f> c> d > e >b。     

富勒烯C_(36)等电子体C_(34)BN异构体的结构及其相对稳定性理论研究

用半经验的AM1和MNDO方法优化了富勒烯C_(36)的等电子体C_(34)BN所有可能 异构体的构型,分析了各异构体相对稳定性与杂原子取代位置间的关系。另外,比 较了C_(36)碳笼上同位置地取代杂原子形成的C_34BN,C_(34)B_2和C_(34)N_2间的 电子结构,并分析了C_(34)BN最稳定异构体的振动模型。结果表明以C_(36):A (D_(6h))为母体形成的最稳定C_(34)BN异构体对应于碳笼赤道位置六元环中1,4- 取代产物,而以C_(36):B(D_(2d))为母体形成的最稳定C_(34)BN异构体对应于碳笼 近赤道位置的1,2-取代产物.C_(34)BN各异构体的稳定性可能主要由体系的共轭性 质决定。前线轨道能级表明B,N原子取代所得异构体的氧化-还原活性按以下顺序 递增：C_(34)B_2相似文献   

Pt(PPh3)2-η2C60络合物的分子轨道研究

近年来,自Kratschmer 等人采用并不复杂的方法就能制备出宏观量的C_(60),人们对它的兴趣也从结构的研究逐渐转向化学性质的研究.C_(60)是目前自然界已知对称性最高的球状分子,每个C 原子都以接近sp~2杂化轨道和相邻的三个C 原子相联.C_(60)的NMR 化学位移以及闭壳层的电子结构和较宽的HOMO-LUMO 间隙,都说明它具有典型的芳香化合物——苯的某些特性.另外,掺杂(碱金属元素)后,它具有的导电性又表现出石墨具有的某些特点.     

Structures, energies, and spin-spin coupling constants of methyl-substituted 1,3-diborata-2,4-diphosphoniocyclobutanes: four-member B-P-B-P rings B2P2(CH3)(n)H(8-n), with n = 0, 1, 2, 4

An ab initio study has been carried out to determine the structures, relative stabilities, and spin-spin coupling constants of a set of 17 methyl-substituted 1,3-diborata-2,4-diphosphoniocyclobutanes B(2)P(2)(CH(3))(n)H(8-n), for n = 0, 1, 2, 4, with four-member B-P-B-P rings. The B-P-B-P rings are puckered in a butterfly conformation, in agreement with experimental data for related molecules. Isomers with the CH(3) group bonded to P are more stable than those with CH(3) bonded to B. If there is only one methyl group or if two methyl groups are bonded to two different P or B atoms, isomers with equatorial bonds are more stable than those with axial bonds. However, when two methyl groups are present, the gem isomers are the most stable for molecules B(2)P(2)(CH(3))(2)H(6) with P-C and B-C bonds, respectively. Transition structures present barriers to the interconversion of two equilibrium structures or to the interchange of axial and equatorial positions in the same isomer. These barriers are very low for the isomer with two methyl groups bonded to B in axial positions for the isomer with four axial bonds and for the isomer with geminal B-C bonds at both B atoms. Coupling constants (1)J(B-P), (1)J(P-C), (1)J(B-C), (2)J(P-P), and (3)J(P-C) are capable of providing structural information. They are sensitive to the number of methyl groups present and can discriminate between axial, equatorial, and geminal bonds, although not all do this to the same extent. The one-bond coupling constants (1)J(B-P), (1)J(P-C), and (1)J(B-C) are similar in equilibrium and transition structures, but (3)J(P-C) and (2)J(P-P) are not. These coupling constants and those of the corresponding fluoro-derivatives of the 1,3-diborata-2,4-diphosphoniocyclobutanes demonstrate the great sensitivity of phosphorus coupling to structural and electronic effects.     

Stabilities and Electronic Spectra for C78O2 Isomers

1 INTRODUCTION Functional derivatives of fullerenes have aroused chemists’ interest and monofunctional products are accompanied by difunctional derivatives[1～3]. Diede- rich[1] prepared and detected C70O2 by the FAB mass spectrum. Kalsbeck[2] synthesized C60On (n = 1～4) by electrochemical oxidation of C60. Wood[3] investi- gated photolysis of a crude fullerene mixture and obtained C60On (n = 2～5) and C70O2. Menon[4] stu- died the optimized structures and electronic proper- ties o…     

Ab initio calculation of carbon clusters. II. Relative stabilities of fullerene and nonfullerene C24

Chemical stabilities of six low-energy isomers of C24 derived from global-minimum search are investigated. The six isomers include one classical fullerene (isomer 1) whose cage is composed of only five- and six-membered rings (56-MRs), three nonclassical fullerene structures whose cages contain at least one four-membered ring (4-MR), one plate, and one monocyclic ring. Chemical and electronic properties of the six C24 isomers are calculated based on a density-functional theory method (hybrid PBE1PBE functional and cc-pVTZ basis set). The properties include the nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), singlet-triplet splitting, electron affinity, ionization potential, and gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gap. The calculation suggests that the neutral isomer 2, a nonclassical fullerene with two 4-MRs, may be more chemically stable than the classical fullerene (isomer 1). Analyses of molecular orbital NICS show that the incorporations of 4-MRs into the cage considerably reduce paratropic contributions from HOMO, HOMO-1, and HOMO-2, which are mainly responsible for the sign change in NICS from positive for isomer 1 (42) to negative (-19) for isomer 2, although C24 clusters satisfy neither 4N+2 nor 2(N+1)2 aromaticity rule. Anion photoelectron spectra of four cage isomers, one plate, one monocyclic ring, and one tadpole isomer, as well as three bicyclic ring isomers are calculated. The simulated photoelectron spectra of mono- and bicyclic rings (with C1 symmetry) appear to match the measured HOMO-LUMO gap (between the first and second band in the experimental spectra) [S. Yang et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 144, 431 (1988)]. Nevertheless, the nonclassical fullerene isomers 3 and 4 apparently also match the measured vertical detachment energy (2.90 eV) reasonably well. These results suggest possible coexistence of nonclassical fullerene isomers with the mono- and bicyclic ring isomers of C24(-) under the experimental conditions.     

多氯代菲分子结构和热力学性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法在B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)水平上对527个多氯代菲分子的几何结构进行了全优化并计算得到它们的热力学性质(等容热容( )、熵(S$)、标准生成焓(ΔfH$)和标准生成Gibbs自由能(ΔfG$)), 研究了这些性质与取代的氯原子数目和位置的关系, 根据各异构体的相对标准生成Gibbs自由能(Δr,fG$)的大小, 得到它们的热力学稳定性顺序. 计算结果表明: 绝大多数多氯代菲分子具有非平面的几何构型, 在多氯代菲分子中存在三种类型的分子内弱相互作用(H…H、C—H…Cl和Cl…Cl相互作用), 随着分子中取代的氯原子数目的增加, 多氯代菲最稳定异构体的ΔfH$和ΔfG$开始时逐渐减小, 然后又快速增加. 具有相同数目氯原子的多氯代菲异构体的ΔfH$和ΔfG$与氯原子的取代位置有很大的关系. 多氯代菲异构体的相对热力学稳定性主要由分子内的离域π键和Cl…Cl核排斥作用的强弱决定.     

Structures, energies, and spin-spin coupling constants of fluoro-substituted 1,3-diborata-2,4-diphosphoniocyclobutanes: four-member B-P-B-P rings B2P2F(n)H(8-n) with n = 0, 1, 2, 4

An ab initio study has been carried out to determine the structures, relative stabilities, and spin-spin coupling constants of a set of 15 fluoro-substituted 1,3-diborata-2,4-diphosphoniocyclobutanes B(2)P(2)F(n)H(8-n), for n = 0, 1, 2, 4, with four-member B-P-B-P rings. Except for B(2)P(2)F(4)H(4) with four fluorines bonded to two borons, these rings are puckered in a butterfly conformation. For a fixed number of fluorines, the isomers with B-F bonds are significantly more stable than those with P-F bonds. As the number of fluorines increases, the energy difference between the most stable isomer and the other isomers increases. Transition structures which interconvert axial and equatorial positions present relatively small inversion barriers. Coupling constants involving (31)P, namely, (1)J(B-P), (1)J(P-F), (2)J(P-P), (2)J(P-F), and (3)J(P-F) are large and are capable of providing structural information. They are sensitive to the number of fluorines present and can discriminate between axial, equatorial, and geminal B-F and P-F bonds, although not all do this to the same extent. (1)J(B-P) and (2)J(P-P) are similar in equilibrium and transition structures. Although transition structures no longer discriminate between axial and equatorial bonds, (1)J(P-F) and (3)J(P-F) remain sensitive to the number of fluorine atoms present.