蓝光热激活延迟荧光分子设计策略概述

热激活延迟荧光（thermally activated delayed fluorescence,TADF）分子由于三重态上的激子可以通过反向系间窜越到单重态并辐射发出荧光，因此在有机发光二极管（organic lightemitting diode, OLED）中理论上可以实现100%的激子利用率。具有TADF特性的发光材料融合了第一代荧光材料和第二代磷光材料的优点，不仅可以实现100%的内量子效率，还有助于降低器件的材料成本，被誉为第三代OLED发光材料，并成为突破高效稳定蓝光OLED瓶颈的潜在解决方案。本文从发光机理出发，系统阐述了高效稳定蓝光TADF分子的设计策略，包括高荧光量子产率、短延迟荧光寿命、窄发射光谱半峰宽、显著的水平分子取向和良好的光电稳定性等。本文旨在为高性能蓝光TADF分子的开发提供理论支持。最后，总结了当前蓝光TADF材料存在的问题，并对其未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

3CzIPN分子热活化延迟荧光机制的理论研究

运用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法,在以苯为溶剂的可极化连续模型(PCM)下,研究了2,4,6-三(9-咔唑基)-间苯二腈(3CzIPN)分子发生热活化延迟荧光(TADF)的反应机制.计算结果表明,3CzIPN分子的单-三态能量差非常小,仅为0.124 eV,这对反系间窜越(RISC)非常有利.此外,3CzIPN分子的RISC速率达到了104数量级,表明3CzIPN分子可能是一个潜在的TADF发射体.     

热活化延迟荧光蓝光小分子取代基效应的研究进展

近年来, 作为第三代有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diodes, OLED)发光材料的热活化延迟荧光(thermally activated delayed fluorescence, TADF)材料受到了学术界和产业界的广泛关注. TADF分子由于其单线态与三线态之间的能级差较小, 三线态激子可以被环境热活化而通过反系间窜越上转换至单线态, 理论上可实现100%的激子利用率, 从而使得OLED器件外量子效率显著提高. TADF材料被认为是突破高效稳定有机电致蓝光发射瓶颈的潜在解决方案. 一般, TADF分子为含有电子给体(donor, D)和电子受体(acceptor, A)的纯有机推拉电子体系. 通过改变给体单元和受体单元的结构、数量和取代基及其位置可以有效调节TADF分子的单线态-三线态能级差、前线轨道分布、聚集态结构、电致发光颜色及其性能. 同时取代基在调控给、受体单元的推拉电子能力及TADF材料的分子构型、聚集态结构和稳定性等物化特性方面扮演着非常重要的角色. 本综述分别对D-A型和多重共振型TADF蓝光分子的取代基效应进行了综述, 以期为高效稳定的蓝光TADF分子的设计合成提供有效借鉴.     

基于给-受体结构的热活化延迟荧光材料

热活化延迟荧光（TADF）材料由于第一单线态（S₁）与三线态激发态（T₁）之间的能级差较小,使得三线态激子能够有效地系间窜越至单线态发光,实现100%的激子利用率,在有机发光二极管（OLED）等领域得到广泛应用,是目前有机电子学研究的热点之一。基于给-受体（D-A）结构构建TADF材料具有分子设计简便、易于制备、性能优异等特点,引起了人们的普遍关注。本文综述了基于D-A结构设计TADF材料的基本原则,依据给受体构筑单元的不同,概括了各类TADF材料的结构和性能特点以及在器件应用等方面的最新研究进展,最后总结了D-A结构型TADF材料尚存在的问题,并对其未来的关键研究方向进行了分析和展望。     

三种热活化延迟荧光分子单三态能隙差的理论研究

基于两个实验报道的热活化延迟荧光(TADF)分子(DPO-TXO2和DDMA-TXO2),通过改变供体基团,理论设计出一种新分子DPPA-TXO2.采用半经典的Marcus理论表达式,以及密度泛函理论和含时密度泛函理论,研究了改变这三个分子供体单元对其TADF机制的影响.研究结果表明,这三个分子的单三态能隙差都极小,仅为0.01或0.02 eV,这确保了从三重态到单重态的反系间窜跃过程的顺利进行.此外,理论预测的DPO-TXO2分子的反系间窜跃速率为5.67×10~5 s~(-1),跟实验测量值(1.04×10~6 s~(-1))非常吻合,并能够与其辐射失活速率(2.79×10~5 s~(-1))竞争.值得注意的是,新设计的DPPA-TXO2分子的反系间窜跃速率也达到了10~3数量级,是一个潜在的TADF发光体.     

溶液加工型自主体热活化延迟荧光材料的研究进展

十年来,作为第三代有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diodes, OLED)发光材料的热活化延迟荧光(thermally activated delayed fluorescence, TADF)材料备受学术界和产业界的广泛关注. TADF分子由于单重态与三重态之间的能级差较小,当受到环境热激活时,三重态激子可以通过反系间窜越转化为单重态,从理论上讲,可以实现100%的激子利用率.这一特性使得OLED器件外量子效率显著提高.溶液加工法具有成本低、方法简单、材料利用率高、可大面积生产等优势,是柔性及印刷OLED器件制备工艺的理想候选.具有良好的电荷传输能力的主体材料能有效降低激子密度和促进能量高效传递.利用自主体TADF材料制备的溶液加工型器件能有效平衡载流子传输和提升器件性能,同时在使用过程中可避免相分离,保持薄膜的均匀性和提高器件的稳定性.本综述总结了溶液加工型自主体TADF材料的研究进展.首先介绍了TADF材料的基本原理和研究意义,强调了溶液加工型自主体TADF材料在显示器件和照明器件等方面的应用潜力.然后详细讨论了溶液加工型自主体TADF材料的不同分...     

电子给体-受体型热活化延迟荧光蓝光材料研究进展

热活化延迟荧光材料由于其最低激发单重态和最低激发三重态之间的能级差较小,三重态激子可以通过反向系间窜越过程上转换到单重态,实现无贵金属添加的三重态激子参与的荧光发射,大大提高了发光效率,解决了传统荧光有机发光二极管(OLED)内/外量子效率(≤25%/≤5%)低下的问题;与磷光OLED相比,避免了使用贵金属,在造价方面具有更大优势.在类型众多的热活化延迟荧光(TADF)材料中,由于电子给体-受体型分子合成简单,性能出众而成为近年来的研究热点.另一方面,高效蓝光材料的稳定性及色纯度问题一直是该领域研究亟待解决的难题.本文将依据不同电子给受体单元,对电子给体-受体型热活化延迟荧光蓝光材料及其OLED器件的最新进展、发光原理和设计原则进行了简要综述,并对其发展作出展望.     

喹喔啉类红光热活化延迟荧光材料研究进展

红光材料是显示三基色材料之一, 具有发射能量小、穿透能力强和背景荧光干扰小等优点, 被广泛应用于全彩显示、生物传感和光动力治疗等领域. 红光材料目前存在的问题主要有: (1)跃迁能级小, 其非辐射跃迁速率快, 导致量子效率普遍较低; (2)分子共轭较大, 存在较强的π-π堆积作用, 容易导致荧光淬灭; (3)分子设计需要更大的共轭, 在分子合成上较为困难. 热活化延迟荧光(thermally activated delayed fluorescence, TADF)材料作为具有全新的发光机制的材料能够通过反向系间窜越过程利用三重态激子发射荧光, 极大地提高了量子效率, 因此, 基于TADF机制的红光材料成为了近年来人们研究的热点. 由于结构的特点, 喹喔啉及其衍生物非常适合用来构建红光TADF分子. 从喹喔啉类TADF红光材料的分子结构视角出发, 对红光TADF材料的近年来的研究进行概述, 讨论分子结构对材料性能影响, 并且对其发展进行展望.     

AcCz-2TP分子热活化延迟荧光机制的理论研究

运用半经典的Marcus理论,结合密度泛函理论和含时密度泛函理论的计算方法,研究了AcCz-2TP分子的热活化延迟荧光(TADF)机制.研究结果表明,AcCz-2TP分子的系间窜跃速率和反系间窜跃速率分别为9. 48×106和2. 40×103s-1,能够与其荧光辐射速率(2. 49×104s-1)和磷光辐射速率(0. 32 s-1)互相竞争.目前的计算结果合理地解释了基于AcCz-2TP分子的有机发光二极管器件的外量子效率较低的原因.     

基于高激子利用率的第三代有机电致发光材料的研究进展

荧光OLED材料由于受到激子统计规律的限制,其能量利用效率小于25%.为了开发高效而价廉的OLED材料,突破激子统计规律的研究受到了广泛关注,目前的研究主要集中在三个方向:突破激子统计限制的共轭聚合物材料、三线态反系间窜越(RISC)的延迟荧光材料以及"热激子"(hot exciton)与杂化局域-电荷转移(HLCT)激发态材料.对近年来在基于高激子利用率的第三代有机电致发光材料的研究方面的进展情况进行综述,同时对其未来的研究前景进行了展望.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.