微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定汽油中痕量铜和铁

采用微波消解方法处理汽油样品，用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法（MPT—AES）测定消解液中的铜和铁含量。考察了微波功率、载气流量、工作气流量、酸效应、共存离子等实验参数对测定铜和铁的影响，并进行了系统优化，测得铜和铁的检出限分别为2．1ng／mL和22．1ng／ml。线性范围分别为0．01～12μg/mL和0．1～100μg／mL。详细考察了微波消解酸种类及用量，消解温度、运行时间及微波功率等对微波消解的影响。结果表明，各元素测定结果的RSD均小于3．5％，铜的回收率为93％-107％，铁的回收率为92％-106％。与传统的碘-二甲苯-硝酸反萃取处理法相比，此法具有元素损失少，操作简单，无需使用有毒氧化剂，减少污染，改善工作环境等优点，是行之有效的汽油样品预处理方法。     

微波消解—原子荧光光谱法定量测定山梨糖醇液中的砷

应用微波消解技术和原子荧光光谱仪以氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定了山梨糖醇液中砷的研究。对微波消解条件以及氢化物发生条件进行了探讨。在选定的最佳条件下方法的检出限为0．22ng/mL,线性范围为0－80ng/mL。10次测定的相对标准偏差为0．49％－2．16％,回收率为94．8％－102．2％。该结果与国际推荐的湿法消解分析结果相对照,无显著性差异。     

流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定雪中的微量铅

建立了测定雪中微量铅的流动注射-氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法。在优化条件下。测定铅的线性范围为0～52．0ng／mL，线性回归方程为A=0．018c 0．016，相关系数r=0．9995，检出限为0．2ng／mL。用于雪中微量铅的测定，加标回收率为94．2％～107．3％，相对标准偏差为1．47％～3．22％。该方法的测定结果与标准加入法基本一致。     

微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法同时测定化肥中砷、汞含量

采用微波消解样品前处理手段以及双道原子荧光光度计,建立了微波消解一氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法同时测定化肥中砷、汞含量的方法。通过试验确定了样品前处理方法,对负高压、灯电流,载气、屏蔽气、原子化器高度、酸度等测试条件进行了优化。在优化的工作条件下,砷、汞含量分别在0-50ng／mL和0—1．0ng／mL范围内与荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数分别为0．9996,0．9996,检出限分别为0．085,0．008ng／mL,回收率分别为88．8％～107．4％,90．0％～120％,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于7％（n=6）。     

微波消解ICP-MS法测定广西北部湾海鸭蛋中硒和锗的含量

以硝酸-过氧化氢（体积比为5：3）混合溶液为消解剂,微波消解法处理海鸭蛋样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定样品溶液中的硒和锗的含量。选择适合的同位素元素,运用碰撞室技术（CCT）降低多原子离子对元素硒、锗的干扰,用钇作为在线内标。硒、锗工作曲线的线性范围均为0．0-100．0ng／mL,相关系数r=0．9996;硒、锗的检出限分别为1．1,0．15ng／mL,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为4．78％,5．70％（n=6）,加标回收率为92．2％-104．0％。用该法测定国家标准物质黄鱼（GBW08573）中硒的含量,测定值在标称值范围内。     

微波消解MPT-AES测定催化剂中的铈

研究了微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT-AES)测定催化剂中稀土元素铈的方法。详细考察了测定铈时的实验参数，进行了系统优化。催化剂处理采用了微波消解技术。方法的检出限为2．56μg／mL，相对标准偏差(n=11)为4．37％，线性范围为20～250μg／mL，回收率在90％～ll0％之间。实验结果表明微波消解和MPT-AES联用可成为测定催化剂中铈含量的简单、快速、准确的分析方法。     

冷原子荧光法测定甲壳素中的痕量汞

研究了冷原子荧光法测定甲壳素中痕量汞的工作条件。样品风干后在2mol／L HNO3-4mol／L HCl体系中以V2O5为催化剂消解1h，上清液中的汞被SnCl2还原后于253．7nm用冷原子荧光法测定。在以10％SnCl2为还原剂时，线性范围0～2．0ng/mL，r=0．9997，检出限为0．05ng/mL，相对标准偏差2．5％，平均回收率在86．3％～110．0％，该法简便、快速、准确。     

生物样品中Se的荧光测定方法

运用微波消化系统处理生物样品，以2，3-二氨基萘为荧光试剂建立了一种测定生物样品中Se的荧光分光光度法。方法的最低检出限为1．6ng／mL，线性范围0～0．600μg／mL，回收率92．22％～99．78％，连续10次测定样品变异系数（CV）为0．4％（n=10），隔213重复实验变异系数为1．54％。该法具有灵敏、稳定、可靠等优点，适用于生物样品中Se含量的测定。     

高压釜消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光度法测定土壤中的砷、硒

对高压釜密封消解一氢化物发生原子荧光法测定土壤中砷、硒的方法进行了研究。采用HNO3-HClO4作消解剂，在最佳的消解条件和测定条件下，测定砷、硒的线性回归方程分别为I=244．1c 1．03、I=88．26c 2．86．线性范围均为0．50～10．00μg／L，相关系数均为0．9999，检出限均为0．0002μg/mL。测定土壤中砷、硒的回收率分别为90％～105％、89％～104％，RSD分别为2．2％～4．0％、1．9％～3．1％。     

正交实验优化的氢化物发生原子荧光法测定水中痕量锑

采用盐酸为介质,以顺序注射-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定生产用水中的锑含量．通过正交实验确定了仪器工作参数,研究了介质浓度、KBH4浓度、硫脲一抗坏血酸加入量等因素对测定结果的影响,探讨了共存离子的干扰．在选定的最佳实验条件下,方法的检出限为0．011ng/mL,线性范围0～8ng／mL,相对标准偏差为2．78％～6．20％,加标回收率为91．0％～99．1％．该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,准确度好,与微波消解法相比较,两者无显著性差异．     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.