添加钒对Pd/Al2O3-TiO2 催化剂上醇醛催化氧化性能及表面特性的影响

采用浸渍法分别制备了Pd/Al₂O₃-TiO₂、V/Al₂O₃-TiO₂和不同钒含量的V-Pd/Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂,并对乙醇、乙醛的完全催化氧化性能进行了测试。结果表明,添加适量的钒组分(1%~3%)能够有效地提高催化剂的深度氧化活性。采用XRD、NH₃-TPD、N₂吸附等技术分析研究催化剂的表面特性与催化活性之间的关系,发现Pd/Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂添加适量钒组分后,调变了催化剂的表面酸性、比表面积和孔容,使得V组分和Pd组分与载体之间产生较强的相互作用,双金属组分的协同效应提高了催化剂对乙醇、乙醛的深度氧化活性。     

新型核壳结构纳米催化剂的三效催化活性及热稳定性

从Pd纳米粒子出发制备了具有核壳结构的新型纳米Pd@SiO₂/Ce_0.4Zr_0.6O₂三效催化剂及作为参比的Pd/Ce_0.4Zr_0.6O₂催化剂, 采用X射线衍射、 透射电子显微镜、 氢气程序升温还原和氮气低温吸附-脱附等技术对催化剂的物化性质进行了表征, 研究了Pd@SiO₂/Ce_0.4Zr_0.6O₂和Pd/Ce_0.4Zr_0.6O₂催化剂的三效反应催化活性和热稳定性. 结果表明, SiO₂壳层可以抑制Pd粒子的团聚, 同时还能抑制Pd物种的再分散, 减少Pd的流失. 具有核壳结构的纳米Pd@SiO₂/Ce_0.4Zr_0.6O₂催化剂具有更好的三效催化活性和更高的热稳定性.     

Pd/γ-Al2O3-TiO2催化剂上乙醇乙醛的催化氧化性能研究

采用混胶法和机械混合等方法制备了Pd质量分数为1%的Pd/γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂,并对其催化活性、影响条件进行了考察。结果说明,由混胶法制备的Pd/γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂对乙醇和乙醛的完全氧化表现出优异的催化性能,其活性明显高于单一载体催化剂Pd/TiO₂和Pd/Al₂O₃,150℃时乙醇和乙醛的转化率分别达到98.9%和98.5%。在较宽温度范围内和高空速条件下表现出良好的稳定性。同时运用XRD、TEM和FT-IR等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,在Pd/γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂中Al₂O₃与TiO₂之间存在着较强的相互作用,使γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂的比表面积和孔容积均调变到一个适中的数值,同时在催化剂表面Al₂O₃参与形成了有利于其催化活性的表面结构。     

ZrO2修饰Al2O3纳米片负载钴催化剂的制备及其费托反应性能研究

通过水热法合成了Al₂O₃纳米片（Al₂O₃-CN）,采用浸渍法制备20%（质量分数）钴基催化剂,并应用于费托合成反应。制备的Al₂O₃-CN（226 m²/g）与商业氧化铝（Al₂O₃-C,249 m²/g）具有相近的比表面积,但Al₂O₃-CN孔尺寸分布更加集中。浸渍钴后,与Co/Al₂O₃-C催化剂相比,Co/Al₂O₃-CN催化剂表现出较高的还原度及更均匀的钴颗粒粒径分布。因此,Co/Al₂O₃-CN催化剂表现出更高的CO转化率和低的甲烷选择性。为了进一步提高Co/Al₂O₃-CN的催化性能,采用不同含量ZrO₂对Al₂O₃-CN进行修饰。表征结果表明,随着ZrO₂修饰量的增加,Al₂O₃-CN载体比表面积变化不明显,孔体积和孔径增大;相对应催化剂的钴颗粒粒径减小,活性位点数目增加。在相同反应条件下,经ZrO₂修饰催化剂CO转化率进一步提高,甲烷选择性降低。     

沉积沉淀法中制备条件对负载型纳米金催化剂性能的影响

CO的高效快速去除以及实现低(常)温催化氧化是现今研究的重点，而以尿素为沉淀剂，采用沉积沉淀法制备得到的低(常)温催化氧化CO负载型纳米金催化剂具有纳米金颗粒粒径更小、均匀分布于载体上的特点．本文对比了不同的搅拌方式、不同氧化铁载体的浸渍次数以及3种纳米金负载量制备条件下获得的Au/FeO_x/Al₂O₃催化剂的物化性质及催化氧化CO活性．结果表明用恒温水浴摇床振荡得到的负载型纳米金催化剂具有更好、更稳定的催化效果；其中，二次浸渍、摇床振荡、负载量为2%的制备条件下，纳米金催化剂具有最强的低温CO催化氧化活性．最后，本文分析了Al₂O₃,FeO_x/Al₂O₃和Au/FeO_x/Al₂O₃在不同温度下的CO催化氧化机理，认为CO催化氧化过程除了有CO₂产生，还存在副产物碳酸盐类物种．     

Fe2O3/Al2O3氧载体用于甲烷化学链燃烧：负载量与制备方法的影响

以不同方法制备了系列Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体,采用XRD、H₂-TPR、CH₄-TPR、O₂-TPD和BET等分析技术对氧载体进行了表征。研究了不同Fe₂O₃负载量氧载体的甲烷化学链燃烧性能,考察了不同制备方法对Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体结构、反应性和产物选择性的影响。结果表明,Fe₂O₃负载量对氧载体活性及产物中CO₂选择性的影响较大,负载量较低时氧载体活性较低且引起甲烷部分氧化产物CO含量增加。制备方法亦对氧载体与甲烷的反应活性有所影响,整体上共沉淀法制备的质量分数60％Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体具有较高的氧化活性和化学链循环稳定性。其在反应温度850℃、反应时间15 min、30次循环后甲烷转化率及产物中CO₂选择性均未见明显降低。     

CoAl2O4/Al2O3载体对钴基费托催化剂反应性能影响的研究

通过浸渍和高温焙烧,制得表面附着CoAl₂O₄微晶颗粒的改性Al₂O₃载体,并采用等体积浸渍法制备负载型Co基催化剂。结合 N₂物理吸附、XRD、H₂-TPR、XPS及H₂化学吸附等表征手段,研究改性载体及其负载钴基催化剂的织构特征;采用费托合成反应评价其催化性能。结果表明,Al₂O₃改性后,表面CoAl₂O₄的存在有效减少了载体与活性组分Co的相互作用,显著提高了催化剂的还原度和催化活性。载体的改性量在20%左右达到最佳值,继续增加,催化剂还原度和活性基本不再升高。载体改性促使催化剂CH₄选择性有所降低,C₅₊选择性略有提高。     

Al2O3助剂对Co/SiC催化剂F-T反应性能的影响

分别采用沉淀法、尿素水解法制备Al₂O₃/SiC复合载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备Co/Al₂O₃-SiC催化剂。结合N₂吸附、XRD、H₂-TPR、XPS等表征手段,研究Al₂O₃助剂对钴基催化剂物相结构、还原行为以及F-T合成性能等的影响。结果表明,氧化铝加入后增强了载体与钴物种之间的相互作用,提高了钴物种的分散度,降低了钴物种的还原度。尿素水解法引入Al₂O₃后,载体与钴物种具有适中的相互作用,表现出较高的反应活性。沉淀法制备的载体负载钴物种后由于较强的金属-载体相互作用,表现出较优的稳定性。     

SiO2@Fe2O3核-壳结构催化剂的制备及表征

采用优化的Stöber法制备了平均粒径为230 nm的单分散球形SiO₂颗粒,并以此为内核,通过水解沉积法制备了不同壳层厚度的核-壳结构SiO₂@Fe₂O₃催化剂。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N₂物理吸附和X射线衍射分析(XRD)等手段对催化剂进行表征,探讨了不同制备条件对SiO₂@Fe₂O₃催化剂形貌的影响。结果表明,通过水解沉积法制备的SiO₂@Fe₂O₃催化剂具有明显的核-壳结构,并且保持了原始SiO₂核的球形形貌,Fe₂O₃纳米粒子通过-OH的氢键作用连接在SiO₂表面,形成了2~10 nm厚的Fe₂O₃均匀连续包覆层。     

SiO2和Al2O3负载的Ni基催化剂在甲烷干重整中的催化性能差异

CH₄与CO₂干重整反应对于环境保护和天然气资源的合理利用具有重要意义。SiO₂和Al₂O₃是适用于甲烷干重整反应的两种典型的催化剂载体。为了阐明这两种载体对催化剂性能的影响,本研究采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/Al₂O₃和Ni/SiO₂催化剂,并利用BET、TEM、H₂-TPR、XRD、TG和Raman等技术对还原和反应后的催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,由于载体的性质不同,Ni基催化剂在甲烷干重整中的催化性能也不同。Ni/SiO₂催化剂的初始活性较高,但由于其金属-载体相互作用较弱,催化稳定性较差,在800℃下反应15h其催化活性急剧下降;较弱的金属-载体相互作用使得Ni/SiO₂催化剂上的Ni颗粒较大,有利于积炭前驱物种的生成,导致催化剂快速失活。而对于Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂,金属-载体相互作用较强,Ni颗粒较小,但由于Ni与Al₂O₃生成了NiAl_xO_y物种,有效活性位减少,其催化活性相对较低,但催化稳定性较好,干重整反应进行50h其活性保持稳定;Ni与Al₂O₃之间较强的相互作用有利于形成小且稳定的Ni粒子,能减少积炭,因而具有优异的催化稳定性。     

Intermolecular forces for D2, N2, O2, F2 and CO2

The intermolecular potentials for D₂, N₂, O₂, F₂ and CO₂ are determined on the basis of the second virial coeffincients, the polarizabilities parallel and perpendicular to the molecular axes, and the electric quadrupole moment. The repulsive parts of the potentials are taken from the corresponding Kihara core-potentials. Effects of the octopolar induction are taken into consideration in a unique way. The potential depends on relative orientations of the two molecules as well as the distance r between the molecular centers. This dependence is shown in graphs. A measure of the anisotropy of the potential depth is 0.72 for CO₂ 0.36 for D₂, and smaller than 0.27 for N₂ O₂ and F₂. The remarkable anisotropy for CO₂ and D₂ is due to strong electrostatic quadrupole interactions.     

配合物[Cu(H2O)(C12H8N2)2].2ClO4的合成、性质及晶体结构

合成了配合物[Cu(H2O)(C12H8N2)2]*2ClO4(C12H8N2为1,10-邻菲咯啉),用元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱及电子光谱进行了表征,并测定了配合物的晶体结构.该晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为CC;晶胞参数a=1.9177(2)nm,b=0.81994(0)nm,c=1.62458(14)nm,β=100.104(6)°;V=2.5419(4)nm3,Z=4,F(000)=1300,DC=1.693g/cm3,R=0.0430,wR=0.1195.中心铜(Ⅱ)离子与两个1,10-邻菲咯啉的四个N原子和一个水分子的氧原子配位,形成了一个变形的三角双锥结构.     

Ba3 (VO4)2-K2 Ba(MoO4)2 and Pb3 (VO4)2-K2 Pb(MoO4)2 systems

Phase equilibria in the Ba₃(VO₄)₂-K₂Ba(MoO₄)₂ and Pb3(VO₄)₂-K₂Pb(MoO₄)₂ systems have been investigated. In the first system, a continuous series of substitutional solid solutions with the palmierite structure is formed, and in the second one, the polymorphic transition in lead orthovanadate at 100°C restricts the extent of the palmierite-type solid solution to 10–100 mol % K₂Pb(MoO₄)₂. Original Russian Text ? V.D. Zhuravlev, Yu.A. Velikodnyi, A.S. Vinogradova-Zhabrova, A.P. Tyutyunnik, V.G. Zubkov, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 10, pp. 1746–1748.     

The preparation of NbH5(Me2PCH2CH2Me2)2 and NbHL2(Me2PCH2CH2PMe2)2 (L = CO or C2H4)

MMe₅(dmpe) (M = Nb or Ta, dmpe = Me₂PCH₂CH₂PMe₂) reacts with H₂ (500 atm) and dmpe in THF at 60°C to give MH₅(dmpe)_2? NbH₅(dmpe)₂ readily reacts with two mol of CO or ethylene (L) to give NbHL₂(dmpe)₂. The exchange of the hydride ligand with the ethylene protons in NbH(C₂H₄)₂(dmpe)₂ is not rapid on the ¹H NMR time scale (60 MHz) at 95°C.     

Zur Trennung von H2, O2, N2, NO, CO, N2O, CO2, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, NO2(N2O4) und Feuchtigkeit

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Phase transitions in Ca3(BN2)2 and Sr3(BN2)2

α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ crystallizes in the cubic system (space group: ) with one type of calcium ions disordered over of equivalent (8c) positions. An ordered low-temperature phase (β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂) was prepared and found to crystallize in the orthorhombic system (space group: Cmca) with lattice parameters: , , and . Structure refinements on the basis of X-ray powder data have revealed that orthorhombic β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ corresponds to an ordered super-structure of cubic α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂. The space group Cmca assigned for β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ is derived from by a group-subgroup relationship.DSC measurements and temperature-dependent in situ X-ray powder diffraction studies showed reversible phase transitions between β- and α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ with transition temperatures between 215 and 240 °C.The structure Sr₃(BN₂)₂ was reported isotypic with α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ () with one type of strontium ions being disordered over of equivalent (2c) positions. In addition, a primitive () structure has been reported for Sr₃(BN₂)₂. Phase stability studies on Sr₃(BN₂)₂ revealed a phase transition between a primitive and a body-centred lattice around 820 °C. The experiments showed that both previously published structures are correct and can be assigned as α-Sr₃(BN₂)₂ (, high-temperature phase), and β-Sr₃(BN₂)₂ (, low-temperature phase).A comparison of Ca₃(BN₂)₂ and Sr₃(BN₂)₂ phases reveals that the different types of cation disordering present in both of the cubic α-phases () have a directing influence on the formation of two distinct (orthorhombic and cubic) low-temperature phases.     

Conversion of NO in NO/N2, NO/O2/N2, NO/C2H4/N2 and NO/C2H4/O2/N2 Systems by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasmas

An experimental study on the conversion of NO in the NO/N₂, NO/O₂/N₂, NO/C₂H₄/N₂ and NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ systems has been carried out using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas at atmospheric pressure. In the NO/N₂ system, NO decomposition to N₂ and O₂ is the dominating reaction; NO conversion to NO₂ is less significant. O₂ produced from NO decomposition was detected by an on-line mass spectrometer. With the increase of NO initial concentration, the concentration of O₂ produced decreases at 298 K, but slightly increases at 523 K. In the NO/O₂/N₂ system, NO is mainly oxidized to NO₂, but NO conversion becomes very low at 523 K and over 1.6% of O₂. In the NO/C₂H₄/N₂ system, NO is reduced to N₂ with about the same NO conversion as that in the NO/N₂ system but without NO₂ formation. In the NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ system, the oxidation of NO to NO₂ is dramatically promoted. At 523 K, with the increase of the energy density, NO conversion increases rapidly first, and then almost stabilizes at 93–91% of NO conversion with 61–55% of NO₂ selectivity in the energy density range of 317–550 J L⁻¹. It finally decreases gradually at high energy density. A negligible amount of N₂O is formed in the above four systems. Of the four systems studied, NO conversion and NO₂ selectivity of the NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ system are the highest, and NO/O₂/C₂H₄/N₂ system has the lowest electrical energy consumption per NO molecule converted.     

Formation of [Cp2TiSbMe2]2, [Cp2TiSb(SiMe3)2]2 and [Cp2TiCl]2·2Mes4Sb2

Reactions of [Cp₂Ti(btmsa)] (btmsa = bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene) with R₄Sb₂ (R = Me, Me₃Si) give [Cp₂TiSbMe₂]₂ (1) or [Cp₂TiSb(SiMe₃)₂]₂ (2) respectively. [Cp₂TiCl]₂·2Mes₄Sb₂ (3) is serendipitously formed from [Cp₂Ti(btmsa)] and Mes₂SbH containing NH₄Cl traces.     

Synthesis and structural investigation of the compounds containing HF2 anions: Ca(HF2)2, Ba4F4(HF2)(PF6)3 and Pb2F2(HF2)(PF6)

Three new compounds Ca(HF₂)₂, Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ and Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) were obtained in the system metal(II) fluoride and anhydrous HF (aHF) acidified with excessive PF₅. The obtained polymeric solids are slightly soluble in aHF and they crystallize out of their aHF solutions. Ca(HF₂)₂ was prepared by simply dissolving CaF₂ in a neutral aHF. It represents the second known compound with homoleptic HF environment of the central atom besides Ba(H₃F₄)₂. The compounds Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ and Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) represent two additional examples of the formation of a polymeric zigzag ladder or ribbon composed of metal cation and fluoride anion (MF⁺)_n besides PbF(AsF₆), the first isolated compound with such zigzag ladder. The obtained new compounds were characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction method and partly by Raman spectroscopy. Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ crystallizes in a triclinic space group P1¯ with a=4.5870(2) Å, b=8.8327(3) Å, c=11.2489(3) Å, α=67.758(9)°, β=84.722(12), γ=78.283(12)°, V=413.00(3) Å³ at 200 K, Z=1 and R=0.0588. Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) at 200 K: space group P1¯, a=4.5722(19) Å, b=4.763(2) Å, c=8.818(4) Å, α=86.967(10)°, β=76.774(10)°, γ=83.230(12)°, V=185.55(14) ų, Z=1 and R=0.0937. Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) at 293 K: space group P1¯, a=4.586(2) Å, b=4.781(3) Å, c=8.831(5) Å, α=87.106(13)°, β=76.830(13)°, γ=83.531(11)°, V=187.27(18) Å³, Z=1 and R=0.072. Ca(HF₂)₂ crystallizes in an orthorhombic Fddd space group with a=5.5709(6) Å, b=10.1111(9) Å, c=10.5945(10) Å, V=596.77(10) Å³ at 200 K, Z=8 and R=0.028.     

Vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the systems C2H6 + N2, C2H4 + N2, C3H8 + N2, and C3H6 + N2

High pressure vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the C₂H₆ + N₂, C₂H₄ + N₂, C₃H₈ + N₂, and C₃H₆ + N₂ systems are presented. The data are obtained isothermally in the range from 200 K to 290 K. For each point of data, temperature, pressure and liquid and vapour phase mole fractions are measured.Values for the vapour phase mole fractions are calculated from the obtained pressure, temperature and liquid phase mole fractions. The calculated values are compared with the experimental results, and it is found that the average mean deviation between calculated and experimental mole fractions is less than 0.009 for the systems considered in this work.