氧化铝负载氮化镍钼的制备及其加氢精制性能研究

采用程序升温还原法制备氧化铝载体负载的氮化镍钼。采用XRD、BET、H₂-TPR和XPS等表征方法对氮化物的理化性质进行研究;并以噻吩和四氢萘的环己烷溶液为原料,考察氮化物作为加氢催化剂的加氢精制性能。实验结果表明,制备的负载型氮化镍钼中氮化物的晶型为Ni₂Mo₃N;H₂-TPR表明,氮化镍钼表面钝化层的还原温度为200℃~400℃;氮化物表面Mo离子存在Mo⁶⁺、Mo⁴⁺、Mo^δ+离子,Mo^δ+离子占多数。氧化铝负载氮化镍钼具有较好的加氢脱硫初始活性和稳定性;原料中不含硫时,催化剂的加氢脱芳初始活性较好,但加氢脱芳稳定性差,原料中硫的引入加速了催化剂加氢脱芳活性的失活。     

苯在Ru-Zn/ZrO2表面部分加氢反应的理论和实验研究

采用理论计算和实验方法研究了 Ru-Zn/ZrO2 催化剂上苯的部分加氢反应. 在还原阶段于水相中引入 Zn2+可使部分 Zn 以原子态进入 Ru 基催化剂. 理论计算表明, Zn 原子在 Ru 基催化剂中的存在同时抑制了苯和环己烯在催化剂表面的化学吸附, 尤其是环己烯在整个催化剂表面的吸附处于一定钝化状态, 这是环己烯选择性提高的重要原因. 实验结果表明, Zn 原子在催化剂中浓度的增加使得催化剂的加氢活性单调下降, 而环己烯选择性则单调上升. 实验和理论计算都证实了 Ru 基催化剂中最佳 Zn 含量的存在.     

负载型非晶态催化剂Ru-B/TiO2的制备及应用

本工作用浸渍法和沉淀法制得了两种负载型非晶态催化剂Ｒｕ－Ｂ／ＴｉＯ２「ｗ（Ｒｕ）＝５％」。Ｘ射线衍射和差动热分析实验结果证实了Ｒｕ以非晶态形式存在,这两种非晶态催化剂在温和条件下对苯和环己烯均具有很高的催化加氢活性并对ＣＳ２也有良好的抗毒性能,在９０℃,０．２２ＭＰａ条件下,苯在这两种非晶态催化剂上加氢生成环己烷的转化率分别为９９．４％和９１．０％;当环己烯中ＣＳ２的含量为２．５％时环己烯在这两种催化剂上的加氢转化率分别为１００％和３１．３％。     

液相法苯选择加氢制环己烯催化反应动力学方程

 测定了Ru－M－B／ZrO2催化剂上选择加氢制环己烯反应过程中苯、环己烯及环己烷浓度随时间变化的c～t曲线，获得了苯选择加氢制环己烯反应中各步反应的级数和速率常数等动力学参数．结果给出，苯转化的反应级数对苯为1，对氢低压下为2，高压下为0；环己烯继续加氢生成环己烷的反应级数对环己烯为0，对氢低压下为2，高压下为0．在此基础上建立了苯选择加氢制环己烯各步反应的动力学方程，并对动力学方程进行了验证．     

Y2O3掺杂ZrO2对苯选择加氢制环己烯催化剂Ru-La-B/ZrO2性能的影响

用水热合成法制备了纳米Zr O2和Y2O3掺杂的Zr O2(Zr O2-Y),并考察了它们作载体对苯选择加氢制环己烯催化剂Ru-La-B/Zr O2性能的影响。结果表明,2种Zr O2具有相同微晶尺寸、织构性质和粒度分布。但Zr O2仅含有单斜相Zr O2,而Zr O2-Y不但含有单斜相Zr O2,还含有一部分四方相Zr O2。Y2O3掺杂影响Zr O2的组成和物相,进而影响用其制备催化剂的组成和物相。掺杂的Y2O3可以占据一部分不适宜苯加氢生成环己烯的活性位。因此,Zr O2-Y负载Ru-La-B催化剂活性明显低于Zr O2负载的,在低苯转化率下环己烯选择性前者比后者高。由于四方相Zr O2表面羟基比单斜相少,Zr O2-Y负载Ru-La-B催化剂的亲水性比Zr O2负载的差。环己烯不易从Zr O2-Y负载的催化剂表面脱附。当苯转化率高于52%时,Zr O2-Y负载的催化剂的环己烯选择性低于单斜相Zr O2负载的。Zr O2负载的Ru-La-B催化剂上20 min的环己烯收率达到了52.1%,而Zr O2-Y负载的环己烯收率仅45.2%。纳米单斜相Zr O2较适宜作苯选择加氢制环己烯Ru催化剂的载体。     

非负载型磷化钼加氢精制催化剂的研制

 尽管有相当多的文献和专利报道了含磷加氢精制催化剂的研究及磷的加入对Mn-Ni、Ni-Mo、Ni-W、Co-Mo、Mo、W、Ni、Co等各类加氢精制催化剂结构、及HDS、HDN活性的影响，并证明了磷或含磷化合物可作为加氢精制催化剂的助剂和稳定剂，但对于磷化物加氢催化剂的合成及对其HDS、HDN活性的研究还很少。本文在较低温度下用氢气直接还原磷钼酸铵盐得到非负载型的磷化钼催化剂，并以制备的磷化钼为活性组分，以SiC和γ-Al2O3为稀释剂，选择高浓度和低浓度的吡啶、噻吩和环己烯的混合物为模型化合物，以环己烷作溶剂，测定了制备催化剂的HDS、HDN及HYD活性。结果表明，所研制的非负载型磷化钼加氢精制催化剂对两种含有吡啶、噻吩和环己烯的模型化合物具有同时HDN, HDS 和 HYD的性能。     

醋酸对环己烷气相氧化脱氢产物选择性影响的研究

以α1-VOPO4相为催化剂, 在环己烷气相氧化脱氢反应中, 通过在原料中加入醋酸可控制反应产物的分布. 研究了不同醋酸量对目标产物选择性的影响, 醋酸在反应体系中优于环己烷吸附在α1-VOPO4催化剂的表面上, 使催化剂表面形成孤立的活性中心, 避免了产物环己烯的深度氧化. 反应温度为450 ℃, 醋酸与环己烷的摩尔比为12.9∶1时, 环己烷的转化率为6.9%, 环己烯的选择性为100%.     

二苯并噻吩在Mo2N/Al2O3催化剂上的加氢脱硫

氧化铝负载的氧化物前身物在N2 -H2 混合气中程序升温反应合成出负载型氮化钼催化剂 ,用二苯并噻吩作模型化合物评价了合成催化剂的加氢脱硫性能 ,与硫化钼催化剂相比 ,氮化钼催化剂有较好的加氢脱硫活性和选择CS键断裂的选择性。     

氮、磷、碳化物比较研究初探

环保法规的日益严格使得研究者越来越重视新型加氢脱硫、脱氮催化剂的开发。国内外学者在对负载型Mo—Co、Mo—Ni和W—Ni等传统硫化物催化剂进行不断改进的同时，新型催化材料尤其是具有贵金属性质的过渡金属间充化合物一氮化物、碳化物和磷化物的研究也受到很大的关注。人们在探索不同的载体或者是不同的助剂对单金属间充化合物-氮化物、碳化物或磷化物催化剂活性组分的表面状态和结构以及其深度加氢脱硫脱氮性能的影响，而对同一载体负载的氮、磷、碳化物催化剂缺乏横向的比较。本研究制备了以γ-Al2O3为载体的负载型氮化钼、磷化钼和碳化钼催化剂，比较了它们的孔结构、比表面积，并初步分析了钼的质量分数为19％，氮化、磷化和碳化温度均为650℃时三类催化剂的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫性能。     

二苯并噻吩在CoMoNx催化剂上的加氢脱硫

以ＭｏＯ３及沉淀法制得的ＣｏＭｏ氧化物为前驱体,在Ｎ２－Ｈ２混合气中用程序升温反应制得一系列氮化（钴）钼催化剂;用二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫为模型反应,考察了催化剂的催化性能。结果表明：⑴二苯并噻吩在氮化钼催化剂上的加氢脱硫有两条反应途径,即噻吩环直接氢解加氢脱硫;苯环先加氢,然后噻吩环氢解脱硫。⑵氮化钼有高的活性和选择Ｃ—Ｓ键断裂生成联苯的选择性,Ｃｏ的加入明显提高了氮化钼的催化活性。⑶不同预处理条件对     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.