PVP负载Pd—Co催化剂催化六氯苯的加氢脱氯

研究了温和条件下钯催化剂催化六氯苯加氢脱氢反应。结果表明,ＰｄＣｌ２催化活性不高,而ＰＶＰ负载ＰｄＣｌ２活性较高,ＰＶＰ负载Ｐｄ－Ｃｏ催化剂具有双金属协同效应,提高了催化活性。５５℃下,该催化剂在Ｃｏ／Ｐｄ摩尔比为０．５时表现出最高的催化活性。     

微量贵金属对Co／γ-Al_2O_3的作用及其结构表征Ⅰ．Co－M／γ－Al_2O_3催化剂的活性及其XRD和XPS表征

催化剂采用等量浸渍法，先后将Ｃｏ与贵金属组分浸于γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上，经５００℃焙烧，４５０℃氢气还原制得（ｍＣｏ３Ｏ４／ｍＡｌ２Ｏ３＝０．０８，ｍ贵金属／ｍ催化剂＝１／１０００）．ＣＯ氧化活性的测定结果表明，贵金属Ｐｔ和Ｐｄ与Ｃｏ之间具有明显的协同催化作用，而Ｒｈ与Ｃｏ的协同作用较差．在Ｃｏ－Ｐｔ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｃｏ－Ｐｄ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上，ＣＯ１００％转化的温度较在Ｃｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上下降了约６０℃，而在Ｃｏ－Ｒｈ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上仅下降了２５℃左右．ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ的表征结果表明，Ｃｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３中Ｃｏ以高分散的金属Ｃｏ相和类似ＣｏＡｌ２Ｏ４的尖晶石相存在，而Ｃｏ－Ｍ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３（Ｍ＝Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ，Ｒｈ）催化剂中，Ｃｏ相已完全被还原为零价．高分散的金属钴相和贵金属相的协同作用，可能与氧从贵金属至Ｃｏ相上的溢流效应有关．     

PVP负载Pd-Co催化剂催化六氯苯的加氢脱氯

研究了温和条件下钯催化剂催化六氯苯加氢脱氢反应． 结果表明, Ｐｄ Ｃｌ２ 催化活性不高,而 Ｐ Ｖ Ｐ 负载 Ｐｄ Ｃｌ２ 活性较高． Ｐ Ｖ Ｐ 负载 Ｐｄ Ｃｏ 催化剂具有双金属协同效应,提高了催化活性．５５ ℃下,该催化剂在 Ｃｏ／ Ｐｄ 摩尔比为０５ 时表现出最高的催化活性．     

微量贵金属对Co/γ-Al2O3的作用及其结构表征Ⅰ.Co-M/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性及其XRD和XP

催化剂采用等量浸渍法，先后将Ｃｏ与贵金属相分浸于γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上，经５００℃焙烧，４５０℃氢气还原剂（ｍｃｏ３ｏ４／ｍＡｌ２ｏ３＝０．０８，ｍ贵金属／ｍ催化剂＝１／１０００），ＣＯ氧化活性的测定结果表明，贵金属Ｐｔ和Ｐｄ与Ｃｏ之间具有的协同催化作用，而Ｒｈ与Ｃｏ的协同作用较差，在Ｃｏ－Ｐｔ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｃｏ－Ｐｄ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上，ＣＯ１００％转化的温度较在Ｃｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上下降约６０℃，     

用于乙醛酸电合成的高效表面合金电催化剂研究

运用电化学方法，研制了三种表面合金（Ｐｂ－Ｓｂ－Ｐｔ／ＧＣ，Ｓｂ－Ｐｔ／ＧＣ，Ｐｂ－Ｐｔ／ＧＣ）电催化剂，发现在草酸还原生成乙醛酸的电有机合成中这些表面合金电催化有较高的活性，其起始还原电位分别比在Ｐｂ阴极上（－１．１Ｖ）提前了０．４８～０．７０Ｖ，这三种表面合金电催化剂的活性次序为：Ｐｂ－Ｓｂ－Ｐｔ／ＧＣ〉Ｓｂ－Ｐｔ／ＧＣ〉Ｐｂ－Ｐｔ／ＧＣ。红外光谱结果表明，在这些表面合金电极上草酸还原产物主要     

铁助剂对Pd／Al2O3催化剂抗硫性能的影响

借助ＣＯ探针分子原位红外（ｉｎ－ｓｉｔｕＩＲ）、ＴＥＭ（ＥＤＳ）、ＸＰＳ和ＸＲＤ对一系列Ｐｄ－Ｆｅ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３、Ｐｄ－Ｐｔ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３和Ｐｄ（或Ｐｔ）／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３模型催化剂进行了表征，结果表明，硫在中毒Ｐｄ（或Ｐｔ）／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３时，毒物Ｈ_２Ｓ优先吸附于催化剂的多位活性中心上，主要以电子效应影响催化剂的活性．铁的引入，提高了活性组分Ｐｄ的分散度，多位活性中心的减少不利于Ｈ_２Ｓ在催化剂上的吸附；Ｐｄ－Ｆｅ协同作用的结果，增强了催化剂对吸附Ｓ~（２－）氧化成毒性较小的Ｓ~（６＋）或可逸出系统的ＳＯ_２的能力，从而明显地提高了催化剂的抗硫中毒能力．     

高分子负载型双金属催化剂催化苯乙烯及其衍生物的氢酯基化反应

首次用高分子负载型双金属催化剂ＰＶＰ－ＰｄＣｌ２－ＣｕＣｌ２／Ｐｈ３体系催化苯乙烯衍生物的氢酯基化反应,在非常温和的条件下,转化率及区域选择性均可接近１００％。ＸＰＳ、ＩＲ和ＴＥＭ分析表明,Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）与ＰＶＰ中的Ｎ、Ｏ原子配位形成配位键,从而将金属离子锚定在ＰＶＰ上。ＰＶＰ能够阻止钯粒子增长,因而有效地防止了金属聚集成钯黑沉淀导致的催化剂失活。     

Pd－pt／Al_2O_3燃烧催化剂的活性和热稳定性

研究了Ｐｄ－Ｐｔ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３催化剂对有机物的完全氧化活性和热稳定性。结果表明：Ｐｄ－Ｐｔ双组分催化剂的活性高于单组分催化剂。在实验范围内，催化剂的氧化活性与Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ负载量无关，热稳定性受Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ负载量影响而与Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３的表面积关系不大。高温处理引起催化剂表面Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ含量的降低是造成活性下降的主要原因。该催化剂对有机物具有很高的氧化活性，对氧的利用率很高，适用于工业有机废气的净化。     

二氧化铈对钯汽车催化剂的氧化氮还原性能的影响

在火焰脉冲－微反装置上考察了Ｐｄ催化剂的三效性能，同时利用ＸＰＳ、ＴＰＲ和催化剂表面贮氧量的测定，研究了氧化柿对ＰｄＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３上三效性能的影响，尤其是对ＮＯｘ还原性能的影响。ＰｄＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上的ＮＯｘ还原和ＨＣ的氧化互相干扰，ＣｅＯ２的加入能够改变Ｐｄ的电价，削弱ＨＣ的干扰，使ＮＯｘ还原活性在贫氧区（Ａ／Ｐ＜１４．７）大为提高。另外ＣｅＯ２还能提高Ｐｄ催化剂的表面贮氧量，降低ＮＯｘ的反应活化能，而且ＮＯｘ还原的高转化率向高空燃比扩展。     

螯合树脂静态富集／电热蒸发（ETV）—ICP—AES测定铂族元素Pt,Pd和Os

用含氮，硫功能团的螯合树脂ＹＰＡ，进行静态吸附，含待测定元素的浓缩物制成悬浮体，采用悬浮体进样／电热蒸发等离子体原子发射光谱（ＥＴＶ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）直接测定。方法的检出限分别为０．５，０．７和４．０ｎｇ／ｍＬ（对Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ和Ｏｓ）相对标准偏差分别为２．６％，４．７％和３．８％（ｎ＝１０，Ｐｔ：２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｐｄ：２ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｏｓ：５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ）。应用本法对质标样进行了分析，测定值与标准值基本     

A homogeneous catalyst made of poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone)-Pd(0) complex for hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds

Poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone)(VPy-co-NVP) and its palladium complex (VPy–NVP–Pd) were prepared. The palladium complex was used as catalyst for the hydrogenation of some nitroaromatics. The molar content of VPy units in VPy-co-NVP was determined as 31.25% by ¹H NMR. VPy–NVP–Pd can be easily resolved in ethanol forming a homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation system together with substrates. The optimum catalytic activity for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene appeared when VPy/Pd molar ratio was 2. The catalytic behavior of the catalyst was found to be greatly affected by the type and concentration of added alkalies. The highest hydrogenation rate for nitrobenzene was found in a 0.1 mol/l ethanol solution of potassium hydroxide. The catalytic stability was examined by using nitrobenzene and 4-nitroanisole as substrates.     

Hydrogenation of nitroaromatics by polymer-anchored bimetallic palladium-ruthenium and palladium-platinum catalysts under mild conditions

Polymer-achored monometallic palladium catalyst PVP-PdCl₂ (PVP = poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)) exhibits very high activity for the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene (CNB) to aniline (AN) in the presence of base at 65°C and atmospheric pressure. In this case, the substrate is rapidly hydrodechlorinated to nitrobenzene (NB) which is then reduced to AN. Using the polymer-anchored bimetallic palladium-ruthenium catalyst, PVP-PdCl₂-RuCl₃, and in the presence of 1.0 mol% of sodium acetate, a strong synergic effect gives rise to a remarkable increase of the selectivity for p-chloroaniline (CAN) and the maximum selectivity of CAN is up to 94%. For the hydrogenation of the non-halo-substituted nitroaromatics to the corresponding aromatic amines, the monometallic PVP-PdCl₂ catalyst only shows mild or poor activity, but the colloidal polymer-anchored bimetallic palladium-platinum catalyst, PVP-Pd-1/4Pt, exhibits very high activity and selectivity.     

水溶性含钌-铂双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物选择性加氢

考察了水溶性Ru/Pt-TPPTS双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物的加氢性能.实验结果表明,在Ru-TPPTS中添加铂或钯后,反应活性明显提高,尤其是Ru/Pt-TPPTS双金属催化剂更表现出显著的双金属协同效应.在pH₂=1.0MPa,70℃,反应2h的条件下,双金属催化剂0.50Ru/0.50Pt-TPPTS催化对-氯硝基苯加氢生成对-氯苯胺的反应转化率达到100%.对于取代基和取代位置不同的一些卤代硝基苯加氢,该双金属催化剂也表现出很高的催化活性和生成卤代苯胺的选择性,脱卤反应的程度很小.     

甲醇为氢源的连续化催化转移加氢合成芳胺

开发了一种温和高效的以甲醇为氢源,以Ru-Fe双金属催化剂催化的硝基芳烃连续化转移加氢方法。采用浸渍法制备Ru-Fe双金属催化剂,通过电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD）、氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)对催化剂进行表征。结果表明催化剂具有较小的粒径和较好的分散性。在Ru-Fe双金属催化剂上,成功实现了硝基芳烃与甲醇在无外加氢源条件下的连续化转移加氢合成芳胺。通过对反应条件的调控,成功得到了一系列产率较高的胺类化合物。特别地,该方法对不饱和基团(醛基、羰基或炔基)取代的硝基芳烃的加氢表现出优异的选择性和转化率。     

置换反应制备Pd-Fe双金属催化剂及其催化加氢性能

以Fe(CO)5为前体采用超声法合成纳米Fe胶体粒子,通过Fe胶体与PdCl2发生金属置换反应制备出活性炭负载Pd-Fe双金属催化剂。研究了表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对制备负载型催化剂的影响。采用XRD、H2程序升温还原（H2-TPR）、TEM、EDX等表征手段对催化剂进行表征,以苯乙炔加氢反应为探针反应考察了Fe含量对于催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明加氢催化活性较差的金属组分Fe在合适的比例下可以促进Pd基催化剂的加氢催化活性和选择性,然而,过多的Fe也会降低其催化活性。     

SYNTHESIS OF POLYMER-STABILIZED PLATINUM/RUTHENIUM BIMETALLIC COLLOIDS AND THEIR CATALYTIC PROPERTIES FOR SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF CROTONALDEHYDE

Polymer-stabilized platinum/ruthenium bimetallic colloids （Pt/Ru） were synthesized by polyol reduction with microwave irradiation and characterized by TEM and XPS. The colloidal nanoparticles have small and narrow size distributions. Catalytic performance of the Pt/Ru colloidal catalysts was investigated on the selective hydrogenation of crontonaldehyde （CRAL）. A suitable amount of the added metal ions and base can improve the selectivity of CRAL to crotylalcohol （CROL） remarkably. The catalytic activity and the selectivity are dependent on the compositions of bimetallic colloids. Thereinto, PVP-stabilized 9Pt/1Ru colloid with a molar ratio of metals Pt：Ru = 9：1 shows the highest catalytic selectivity 77.3% to CROL at 333 K under 4.0 MPa of hydrogen.     

Bimetallic Pd—Pt/γ-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> catalysts for complete methane oxidation: the effect of the Pt: Pd ratio

Alumina-supported bimetallic Pt—Pd catalysts proved to be more active in the complete oxidation of methane than monometallic systems (Pt/Al₂O₃, Pd/Al₂O₃). The maximum activity of the bimetallic catalysts was achieved at ~40 at.% Pt in Pd on the catalyst surface. After the oxidation reaction, redistribution of platinum and palladium was observed in the active component of the catalysts with the degree of redistribution depending on the initial Pt: Pd ratio.     

高分子负载催化剂在硝基苯加氢中的双金属协同效应

高分子负载催化剂在硝基苯加氢中的双金属协同效应＊郦海青廖世健＊＊徐筠余道容（中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，大连１１６０２３）关键词聚乙烯吡咯烷酮，负载型催化剂，双金属催化剂，协同效应，硝基苯，加氢，苯胺在多相催化中，双金属和多金属催化剂是常见的，但在...     

聚γ—（乙二胺基）丙基硅氧烷负载的钯,镍双金属催化剂研究

本工作制取了聚γ-(乙二胺基)丙基硅氧烷〔SiO_2 Si-O-Si-(CH_2)_3NHCH_2CH_2NH_2〕负载的钯、镍双金属催化剂及相应的单金属催化剂。XPS测定表明,载体中的N与Pd~0、PdCl_2、NiCl_2之间产生络合。文中比较了双金属催化剂对癸烯-1、丙烯酸、环己烯、苯乙烯和硝基苯的加氢活性,研究了双金属催化剂,单金属催化剂及混合催化剂对环己烯的加氢活性,讨论了温度对双金属催化剂催化活性的影响。     

Synthesis and characterization of Sibunit-supported Pd–Ga,Pd–Zn,and Pd–Ag catalysts for liquid-phase acetylene hydrogenation

Pd/Sibunit and Pd–M/Sibunit (M = Ga, Zn, or Ag) catalysts have been synthesized, and their catalytic properties in liquid-phase acetylene hydrogenation have been investigated. Doping of the palladium catalyst with a metal M leads to the formation of the Pd₂Ga, PdZn, or Pd_0.46Ag_0.54 bimetallic compound. The bimetallic particles are much smaller (1.6–2.0 nm) than the monometallic palladium particles (4.0 nm). Doping with zinc raises the ethylene selectivity by 25% without affecting the activity of the catalyst. Specific features of the effect of each of the dopants on palladium are reported.