构建基于姜黄素-Hg~(2+)复合物的荧光传感器检测脂肪酶活性

以吐温40-姜黄素复合物胶束为荧光信号探针,Hg~(2+)为猝灭剂,巯基乙酸甲酯为脂肪酶的底物,构建了检测脂肪酶活性的生物传感器。利用Hg~(2+)与姜黄素β-二酮结构结合,猝灭吐温40-姜黄素复合物胶束荧光;而脂肪酶的加入催化了巯基乙酸甲酯水解生成巯基乙酸,巯基乙酸夺取姜黄素-Hg~(2+)复合物上的Hg~(2+),吐温40-姜黄素复合物胶束的荧光恢复,荧光恢复强度与脂肪酶的活性相关。利用此荧光传感策略定量检测脂肪酶活性,在最佳实验条件下,荧光强度变化值与脂肪酶活性在2~80 U/mL范围内呈线性关系,检出限为0.01 U/mL。采用此方法对另外4种商业脂肪酶的活性进行了检测,实验结果与恒电位滴定法测定结果一致。本方法检测成本低,操作简单,灵敏度高,具有良好的实用性,可用于脂肪酶活性的高通量检测。     

基于碳球/金纳米复合材料的电化学传感器用于铅和镉的检测研究

本文通过绿色制备方法合成碳球(CNS),并将金胶纳米粒子(AuNPs)自组装到碳球的表面,此CNS/AuNPs纳米复合材料体现了较强的导电性、较大的比表面积和优良的化学稳定性。构建了CNS/AuNPs/Nafion电化学传感器,并将其用于Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的检测,大大提高了电化学检测的灵敏度。Pb~(2+)在浓度为3.0×10~(-8)～5.0×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1)范围内,溶出峰电流与离子浓度呈现良好的线性关系,检测限为1.1×10~(-8 )mol·L~(-1)。Cd~(2+)在浓度为8.0×10~(-8 )～8.0×10~(-6 )mol·L~(-1)范围内,峰电流与离子浓度呈现良好的线性关系,检测限为2.7×10~(-8 )mol·L~(-1)。该电化学传感器还应用于实际生活水样中Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的含量测定,取得满意结果。本方法绿色环保,灵敏度高,重现性好,在实际生活样品中重金属离子的检测方面具有较好的应用前景。     

基于多边形金纳米颗粒的非标记型可卡因适体传感器的研制

实验合成了多边形金纳米颗粒,通过壳聚糖(CHIT)将合成的多边形金纳米颗粒固定在玻碳电极表面,然后通过自组装技术将带巯基的捕获DNA探针固定在修饰有多边形金纳米颗粒的电极表面,利用杂交反应使可卡因适体与DNA捕获探针结合,制成非标记型可卡因适体传感器。以六氨合钌作为电化学指示剂,通过测量传感器与目标物可卡因结合前后电流变化情况对可卡因进行测定。考察了缓冲溶液的pH、可卡因培育时间、扫描速度等对测定的影响。结果表明,在pH为7.40时该传感器的检测范围为1.0×10-10～1.0×10-3 mol/L,检测限为3.0×10-11 mol/L。该传感器制作简单,响应好,抗干扰能力强。     

基于吐温-姜黄素复合物的荧光探针检测脂肪酶活性

本实验以姜黄素作为信号探针,吐温作为脂肪酶的底物和包裹姜黄素的载体,建立了一种检测脂肪酶活性的荧光法.实验发现,采用0.3 mmol/L吐温40,25 μmol/L姜黄素,并且脂肪酶水解吐温40的时间为35 min时,姜黄素的荧光强度变化值与脂肪酶浓度在0.002 ～0.05 mg/mL和0.05～0.25 mg/mL范围内呈现线性关系,检出限为0.6 mg/L (S/N=3).此探针在高通量检测脂肪酶活性以及与脂肪酶相关疾病检测领域中有较好的应用前景.     

基于Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)/AuNPs/Nafion电化学发光传感器检测己烯雌酚

利用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸制得金纳米粒子(AuNPs),基于AuNPs/Nafion与Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)之间的静电引力,制备了Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)/AuNPs/Nafion电化学发光传感器。采用循环伏安法和电化学发光法对该传感器进行了表征,结果表明该传感器具有良好的稳定性和重现性,可实现对己烯雌酚的检测。在pH=7.0的0.1mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS,含0.05mol/L三正丙胺)中,当己烯雌酚与修饰电极作用15min时,电化学发光强度减少值与己烯雌酚浓度的负对数在1.0×10-10~5.0×10-7 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为6.0×10-11 mol/L。对1.0×10-8 mol/L己烯雌酚平行测定11次,相对标准偏差为2.7%。测定己烯雌酚实际样品的加标回收率在98.0%~104.5%之间。     

基于金微粒修饰的聚苯胺乙脑疫苗传感器的研究

采用聚合物掺杂法将金微粒固定在聚苯胺膜中,再通过静电吸附固定抗体,制成非标记电流型乙脑疫苗传感器。根据抗原抗体特异性结合形成的免疫复合物使电极敏感膜有效扩散面积减小,电流减少的特性,提出以嵌入金微粒的聚苯胺膜作为电子媒介体,用0.1mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)为测试底液检测乙脑疫苗效价的新方法。用该传感器检测乙脑疫苗效价,线性范围6.1×10-8～4.1×10-6lgpfu/mL,相关系数r=0.994,检测限为3.0×10-8lgpfu/mL(S/N=3)。该传感器可用于生物制品的测定。     

基于纳米生物条形码和杂交链式反应构建电化学生物传感器用于蛋白激酶活性分析

该文结合纳米生物条形码和杂交链式反应(HCR)双重信号放大策略构建了一种电化学生物传感器用于蛋白激酶A(PKA)的活性分析。以MoS₂/AuNPs纳米复合材料作为玻碳电极修饰材料，半胱氨酸修饰的底物肽链通过Au-S键自组装到修饰电极表面。当存在目标物PKA时，底物肽链被磷酸化，可与纳米生物条形码(S1-AuNPs-Ab)特异性结合，以S1-AuNPs-Ab探针中S1链作为引发链，可诱导发夹DNA(H1和H2)发生杂交链式反应。HCR产物吸附亚甲基蓝(MB)电活性分子，产生放大的电化学响应信号，实现对PKA活性的定量分析。该电化学传感器检测PKA的线性范围为10^-3～20 U/mL，检出限(S/N=3)为3×10^-4 U/mL。构建的电化学传感器具有良好的选择性、重现性和稳定性，可用于实际样品细胞裂解液中PKA的活性测定和蛋白激酶抑制剂的筛选及激酶相关药物的发现。     

基于多肽均相裂解电化学发光法检测前列腺特异性抗原

以前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)为目标分析物,多肽(CHSSKLQK)为分子识别物质,钌联吡啶衍生物作为信号物质,建立了基于金纳米粒子(AuNPs)均相电化学发光法检测PSA的新方法。利用多肽末端上的巯基将肽自组装在AuNPs上,当PSA加入含有多肽结合的AuNPs悬液中时,PSA选择性地切断信号物质标记的多肽。被切断的信号物质多肽片段离开AuNPs表面,离心分离后检测到的电化学发光强度与PSA质量浓度的对数在5. 0×10~(-12)~1. 0×10-9g/m L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为2. 0×10~(-12)g/mL。用于血清样品的测定,该法的测定结果与化学发光免疫分析法基本一致,具有灵敏度高、重现性好等优点,为高灵敏检测蛋白酶提供了新思路。     

DNA调节纳米金模拟酶活性的癌胚抗原比色检测

本文构建了一个DNA调节纳米金颗粒（AuNPs）过氧化物酶模拟酶活性的比色检测方法,用于癌胚抗原的检测。将癌胚抗原的核酸适配体及其互补链通过碱基互补配对构成双链DNA,修饰在磁性微球负载的纳米金颗粒上,制备出具有可调节过氧化物酶模拟酶活性的生物探针。癌胚抗原被生物探针上的核酸适配体捕获后,在AuNPs表面形成空间位阻效应屏蔽底物,从而抑制了AuNPs的酶活性。且为了指示纳米金颗粒的酶活性,用生物探针催化氧化色源底物3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺（TMB）显色。TMB颜色随着癌胚抗原浓度的增加而变浅,根据体系650nm处的吸光度与癌胚抗原浓度之间的反比关系实现了对癌胚抗原的测定,线性范围为2~18 ng/mL,检测限达0.375 ng/mL。此外,癌胚抗原浓度超过4.8 ng/mL时,颜色出现了可直接用肉眼判断的显著变化。为使检测更加便携,本文同时设计了倒置磁分离检测管,在管中就能完成纳米探针捕获癌胚抗原、磁分离、洗涤。最优条件下,比色检测体系回收率为99%~100%,与临床检验差异显著性分析表明,t检验低于3.182,无明显差异。     

KMnO_4-甲醛流动注射化学发光法测定木犀草素

在酸性介质中,木犀草素在KMnO4-HCHO体系中产生化学发光,据此建立了一种简便、快速测定木犀草素的化学发光新方法。化学发光强度与木犀草素的浓度在5.0×10-8~1.5×10-5g/mL范围内呈现出良好的线性关系。其检测限(3σ)为3.0×10-8g/mL,对8.0×10-7g/mL的木犀草素溶液进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差为2.8%。方法可应用于实际样品和合成样品中木犀草素的测定。并探讨了反应的机理。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。