叔胺存在下的反常Reimer-Tiemann反应

经典的Reimer-Tiemann反应的主要产物为邻位羟基取代苯甲醛类化合物,对位羟基取代苯甲醛类化合物为次要产物,其量甚少.在叔胺存在下,可使Reimer-Tiemann反应产物中对位羟基取代苯甲醛类化合物为主要产物,相应的邻位产物则成为次要产物,称这种反应为反常Reimer-Tiemann反应.本文对反常Reimer-Tiemann反应的反应条件进行探讨,并提出了反应机理.     

单取代芳烃对位选择性碳氢活化反应研究

以单取代芳烃为芳基化试剂,以羰基为导向定位基团,研究了单取代芳烃对位选择性与芳香酮的交叉脱氢偶联反应。该方法的高选择性一方面体现在用作芳基化试剂的单取代芳烃能够单一选择性地发生对位碳氢活化,并生成对位取代产物;另一方面,作为弱导向基团的羰基具有优异的邻位导向定位作用,高选择性地发生羰基邻位碳氢键活化。此外,该方法还具有反应条件温和、反应效率高、底物范围广、氧化剂廉价易得等优点,为对位取代联芳基化合物的合成提供了一条切实可行的途径。     

苯基磺酸官能化分子筛催化合成香豆素类化合物

在苯基磺酸官能化介孔分子筛催化剂作用下 ,取代苯酚和乙酰乙酸乙酯经Pechmann缩合反应合成系列取代香豆素类化合物 .该催化合成反应具有条件温和、产物容易分离、收率高等优点 .考察了不同位置取代羟基对该缩合反应的影响 .结果表明 ,间位羟基有利于香豆素衍生物的生成 ,提高反应收率 ,对位羟基次之 .证实了该固体酸催化活性位为磺酸Br nsted型质子酸     

对位取代的1,2-二苯基乙烯的合成及其不对称二羟基化反应

近年来,人们对催化不对称二羟基化反应进行了广泛和深入的研究.前文曾报道了邻位取代的(E)-1,2-二苯乙烯的不对称二羟基化反应.本文探讨了对位取代的(E)-1,2-二苯乙烯类化合物的合成.     

铬(Ⅵ)与9-取代-2,3,7-三羟基萤光酮氧化显色反应的研究及其在金属材料分析中的应用

在盐酸与磷酸的混合酸介质中,铬(Ⅵ)与9-取代-2,3,7-三羟基萤光酮(水杨基萤光酮、邻硝基苯基萤光酮以及邻氯苯基萤光酮)反应产生橙黄色氧化产物。其吸收峰位于492-497nm。反应具有很高的选择性,除氧化性物质以外,其他各种金属元素均不干扰铬(Ⅵ)的测定。拟定了用邻硝基苯基萤光酮分光光度法测定各种金属材料中铬的新方法。     

阳离子表面活性剂存在下锗与2,3,7-三羟基-9-取代萤光酮显色反应的研究

本文研究了八种2,3,7-三羟基-9-取代荧光酮在阳离子表面活性剂存在下与锗的胶束增敏显色反应.发现水杨基萤光酮及邻硝基苯基萤光酮在强酸性介质中可以和溴化十六烷基三甲基铵形成高灵敏的胶束三元配合物.较详细地研究了用邻硝基苯基萤光酮与溴化十六烷基三甲基铵分光光度法测定微量锗的实验条件.并探讨了有关配合物的组成以及胶束增敏反应的机理.此法可不经分离,直接快速测定铅锌矿中的微量锗,结果比较满意.     

环上取代基对苯乙酮和苯甲醛缩合反应的影响

苯乙酮衍生物与苯甲醛衍生物缩合制备各种查尔酮，报道了４种苯乙酮衍生物与９种苯甲醛之间相互缩合的结果，讨论了环上取代基对缩合反应的影响。苯甲醛环上取代基，除羟基外无论是吸电子基还是给电子基对缩合反应收率影响都不大；羟基处于醛基邻位和对位的苯甲醛与几种苯乙酮衍生物的缩合，多数没有得到预期的产物，或收率极低；苯乙酮环上的羟基对缩合反应影响很大，羟基超多，缩合越困难。提出了一种假设，试图解释羟基对缩合反应     

2-取代-5,5-二硝基嘧啶-4,6-二酮的合成和反应

研究了2-取代嘧啶-4,6-二酮的硝化反应, 产物为2-取代-5,5-二硝基嘧啶-4,6-二酮(3), 收率＞80%, 3与亲核试剂反应形成开环产物. 2-位取代基为烷基时, 嘧啶环5-位和侧链的α-位都发生反应, 当取代基为甲基时, 硝化产物为2-(二硝基亚甲基)-5,5-二硝基嘧啶-4,6-二酮(1), 1的水解产物为1,1-二氨基-2,2-硝基乙烯 (FOX-7) 和二硝基甲烷(2). 2-位取代基为羟基时, 硝化产物为5,5-二硝基巴比妥酸(7b), 7b水解可制得偕二硝基乙酰基脲(9b), 9b与KOH作用生成偕二硝基乙酰基脲钾盐(10b)和二硝基甲烷钾盐(11). 2-位取代基为氨基时, 硝化开环生成偕二硝基乙酰基胍(9a), 9a与KOH作用生成偕二硝基乙酰基胍钾盐(10a)和11. 当2-位无取代基时, 硝化产物无法分离, 结构推测为7c. 考察了亲核试剂对FOX-7收率的影响并对FOX-7的三种合成方法进行了评价, 对反应机理进行了探讨.     

制备氯霉素的中间体的合成

1.本文叙述从苯-乙烯酮或对硝基苯乙烯酮开始用甲氧汞化反应合成α-溴-β-甲氧基-苯丙酮或α-溴-β-甲氧基-对硝基苯丙酮。此两种溴化物均与邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾作用生成单及双邻苯二甲酰亚胺衍生物。 2.α-邻苯二甲酰亚胺-β-甲氧基-对硝基苯丙酮以异丙醇铝还原获得DL-threo-l-对硝基苯-2-邻苯二甲酰亚胺-3-甲氧基丙醇,其构型的确定系制成其醋酸酯后与已知物比较而证明。 3.β-甲氧基-对硝基苯丙酮与溴在醋酸中作用不能取得单溴化合物而获得α,β-双溴对硝基苯丙酮。后者与邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾生成双-邻苯二甲酰衍生物。此化合物以异丙醇铝还原获得1-对硝基苯-2.3-双邻苯二甲酰亚胺丙醇。     

甲氧羰基亚甲基三苯基胂与邻羟基芳醛,酮的反应-5,6-苯并-2-吡喃酮的合成

本文报道一种合成烃基取代5,6-苯并-2-吡喃酮的方法。甲氧羰基亚甲基三苯基胂与烃基取代的邻羟基芳醛、酮反应,首先生成α,β-不饱和酸酯,继而发生分子内环化,生成烃基取代的5,6-苯并-2-吡喃酮。     

Mononitration of derivatives of benzisatins

The mononitration of benz[e]-, benz[f]-, and benz[g]isatins and their tetrahydro derivatives was realized. It was established on the basis of an analysis of the ¹H NMR and mass spectra that substitution takes place at position 5 in the derivatives of the [g] series and at the position adjacent to the NH group in derivatives of the [f] series and in the case of 6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenz [e]isatin. This reaction path corresponds to the maximum electron density in the HOMO, calculated by the CNDO method. In benz[e]isatin, contrary to the general relationship and to the quantum-chemical prediction, the nitro group initially enters the ring annellated with the indole ring.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 60–65, January, 1989.     

Research on imidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives

Depending on the nature of the substituent in the 2 position of the heteroring, imidazo[1,2-a] benzimidazole derivatives undergo either mononitration in the 3 position or form dinitro derivatives. In the latter case, one nitro group enters the phenyl group in the 2 position, and the other enters the benzimidazole fragment of the molecule.     

Synthetic Approaches to Physiologically Active Polycyclic Compounds: III. Ritter Reaction with Ketones of the Adamantane and Oxahomoadamantane Series

Some previously unknown acetamino derivatives were synthesized by the Ritter reaction from ketones of the adamantane and oxahomoadamantane series. The presence of a hydroxy group as substituent in adamantan-2-one gives rise to formation of acetamino derivatives as products of replacement of the hydroxy group and transformation of the carbonyl group.     

Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Methyl‐Flavanones and Evaluation of Their Anti‐Bacterial Activity

A series of 2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydrochromon‐4‐one derivatives (flavanone derivatives) were synthesized by silica gel assisted isomerization of several α‐methyl‐2′‐hydroxy chalcones in 74%–88% yield. These flavanones were further oxidized to 3‐methyl flavones by using iodine in dimethyl sulphoxide at 60°C in presence of acid. The newly synthesized derivatives were evaluated for in vitro study against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus epidermis.     

Reactivity of lithium 2,3-dihydro-1-benzothiophene-1-oxide toward aldehydes and imines and DFT calculations

The sulfinyl carbanion derived from 2,3-dihydro-1-benzothiophene-1-oxide and its lithium salt has been investigated by DFT calculations. The lithium carbanion was treated with aldehydes and imines to give chiral hydroxy and amino derivatives, with high stereoselectivity at the carbon α to the sulfoxide group (trans diastereoisomers), but with low diastereoselectivity at the hydroxyl or amine group. DFT calculations were used to rationalize the different stereochemical behavior of cyclic and acyclic lithiated sulfoxides in the reaction with aldehydes and azomethines.     

New results on the reactivity of 5,6‐diamino‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐mercaptopyrimidine

The reaction of 5,6‐diamino‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐mercaptopyrimidine with mono‐ and α,ω‐dihalocompounds has been reinvestigated. Alkyl derivatives of 5‐amino group, not previously described, have been obtained as reaction products. A comparison with the reactivity of 6‐amino‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐mercaptopyrimidine has been also performed.     

Unusual nitration of substituted 7-amino-1,8-naphthyridine in the synthesis of compounds with antiplatelet activity

Several 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives have been diazotizated to obtain the corresponding hydroxy derivatives or mixture of hydroxy and hydroxy nitro derivatives. The respective amounts of hydroxy and hydroxy nitro derivatives depends on the nature of the substituents, on their position on the naphthyridine nucleus, on the amount of sodium nitrite and on the reaction temperature. A study of the electronic density of some molecules suggests a possible explanation of the effects induced by the nature of the substituents and of their position. Some of the compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit human platelet aggregation in vitro induced by arachidonic acid. Only compound 26 showed interesting antiplatelet activity.     

Reaction of olefins using cerium(IV) sulfate tetrahydrate in carbonyl compounds–H2O

The reaction of olefins with cerium(IV) sulfate tetrahydrate [Ce(SO₄)₂·4H₂O, CS] in acetone–H₂O under reflux for 5 h gave 2‐oxo‐ and 2‐oxo‐5‐hydroxy derivatives. In this reaction, the yields of 2‐oxo‐5‐hydroxy derivatives were dependent on the quantity of H₂O. Moreover, the reaction of α, β‐unsaturated ketones with CS in acetone–H₂O yielded 2,7‐dioxo‐3‐hydroxy or 3,8‐dioxo‐4‐hydroxy derivatives. The reaction mechanism is also discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chemistry of naphthazarin derivatives. Transetherification selectivity of naphthazarin methoxy derivatives

Transetherification of naphthazarin methoxy derivatives in basic conditions occurs only with primary monohydric alcohols. 1,3-Butanediol due to the assistance of the hydroxy group at the C¹ atom gives rise to a mixture of transetherification products at the primary and secondary hydroxy groups in a ratio 3: 1. The reaction with methyl α-D-glucopyranoside affords predominantly methyl 6-O-(5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-α-D-glucopyranoside, previously unknown water-soluble naphthoquinone-carbohydrate conjugate.