电镀Fe－Cr－Ni合金显微结构研究

电镀Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ合金显微结构研究①李东林＊刘建平郭芳洲华建荣（南方冶金学院化工系,江西赣州３４１０００）Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ合金,一直是电镀工作者研究的对象［１,２］．Ａ．Ｍ．Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ［３］等人从多种Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的水溶液中镀出了Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ...     

表面化学镀对贮氢合金MmNi3.8Co0.5Mn0.4Al0.3性能的影响

在贮氢合金ＭｍＮｉ３．８Ｃｏ０．５Ｍｎ０．４Ａｌ０．３（Ｍｍ为混合希土）粉末表面分别进行化学镀Ｃｕ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ－Ｓｎ，Ｎｉ－Ｗ。结果表明不同化学镀对合金贮氢性能有很大影响。     

聚乙二醇—硫酸铵—亚硝基R盐体系中钴（Ⅱ）的分离及其存在形态

在ｐＨ４．０～６．０的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中，Ｃｏ（Ⅱ），Ｆｅ（Ⅲ），Ｎｉ（Ⅱ），Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）等金属离子与亚硝基Ｒ盐可形成稳定络合物，加入ＨＣｌ适当提高溶液酸度（ＨＣｌ浓度在０．３～０．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）用聚乙二醇２０００（ＰＥＧ）－硫酸铵－亚硝基Ｒ盐体系萃取，Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）可被ＰＥＧ相几乎完全萃取，而Ｆｅ（Ⅲ），Ｎｉ（Ⅱ），Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）基本上不被萃取，实现了Ｃｏ（Ⅱ），Ｆｅ（Ⅲ），Ｎｉ（Ⅱ），Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）     

钨—镍—铁系重合金中粘结相的定量测定

通过对９３Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ－Ｃｏ（Ｍｎ）合金中粘结相和钨颗粒化学及电化学性质的研究，提出了一种定量提取Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ系重合金中粘结相的电解液，建立了定量测定其粘结相和钨颗粒组成及含量的方法。     

双核金属酞菁类化合物催化脱硫机理研究Ⅳ──中心金属离子对MPc－PcM催化活性的影响

实验研究结果表明双核金属酞菁类化合物ＭＰｃ－ＰｃＭ（Ｍ＝Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ）是催化Ｈ＿２Ｓ液相氧化反应的良好催化剂，且其催化活性顺序为Ｃｏ＞Ｎｉ＞Ｖ＞Ｆｅ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｃｒ＞Ｍｎ．采用量子化学理论计算方法（ＩＮＤＯ／Ｓ）分析了其前线分子轨道的构成特征，结果表明这几种ＭＰｃ－ＰｃＭ的ＬＵＭＯ轨道皆为有金属离子参与形成的π轨道，但ＨＯＭＯ轨道间的差异却很大．Ｍ＝Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｒ时，其ＨＯＭＯ为π轨道；而Ｍ＝Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ时，其ＨＯＭＯ却为σ轨道．正是在前线分子轨道的轨道类型、共轭程度及金属轨道贡献三方面因素的协同作用下，才导致ＭＰｃ－ＰｃＭ的催化活性顺序并非按中心金属离子价电子层ｄ电子数的递变而呈现出规律性的变化．     

聚乙二醇-硫酸铵-亚硝基R盐体系中钴(Ⅱ)的分离及其存在形态

在 ｐＨ ４．０～６．０的 ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中，Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）等金属离子与亚硝基Ｒ盐可形成稳定络合物。加入ＨＣＩ适当提高溶液酸度（ＨＣＩ浓度在０．３～０．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ），用聚乙二醇２０００（ＰＥＧ）－硫酸铵－亚硝基Ｒ盐体系萃取，Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）可被ＰＥＧ相几乎完全萃取，而Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）基本上不被萃取。实现了Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）混合离子合成样品和硅酸盐岩矿实际样品中Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）的分离与测定。同时吸收光谱、摩尔比、连续浓度变换、加入表面活性剂等实验表明，在萃取相Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）与亚硝基Ｒ盐是１：３络阴离子形式存在的。     

铁钴镍铜锌镉铝在聚乙二醇—硫酸铵—茜素S体系中萃取分离

本文用茜素Ｓ作萃取剂，研究了Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ，Ａｌ在聚乙二醇－硫酸铵－茜素Ｓ体系中的非有机溶剂萃取行为。实验结果表明，在ｐＨ５的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液中，Ｆｅ，Ａｌ与茜素Ｓ的络合物可被ＰＥＧ相几乎完全萃取，Ｃｕ，Ｎｉ部分被萃取，而Ｃｏ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ则不被萃取，从而实现了Ｆｅ与Ｃｏ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ及Ａｌ与Ｃｏ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ混合离子间的定量分离。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定镁—钕合金中稀土和非稀土元素

本文研究了ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定Ｍｇ－Ｎｄ合金样品中１０种元素的分析方法。选择了同时测定合金中Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐｒ、Ｓｍ、Ｆｅ、Ａｌ、Ｍｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ和高含量Ｎｄ（２０％）的条件。得到了满意结果。     

化学镀Ni-P合金在CO2溶液中的腐蚀磨损行为

研究了化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金在ＣＯ２溶液中的腐蚀磨损行为。结果表明,ＣＯ２浓度增大,载荷增加,滑动速度增加,化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金的腐蚀磨损速率增大、自腐蚀电位负移;ＣＯ２浓度增大,载荷减小,滑动速度降低,化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金的摩擦系数增大。同样条件下,化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金比Ｇ１０５钢具有更高的耐腐蚀磨损性。     

用聚乙二醇—硫酸铵—铬黑T体系从铁（Ⅲ）,钴（Ⅱ）,镍（Ⅱ）,铜（Ⅱ）中萃取…

本研究了聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）－（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４－铬黑Ｔ（ＥＢＴ）体系对Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）的非有机溶剂萃取行为。结果表明，在ｐＨ７￣１１的ＮＨ３·ＨＮＨＣｌ缓冲溶液中，Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）可被聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）相萃取，而Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）基本上不被萃取，从而获得了Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）与Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）混合离子的定量分离。     

Pre-irradiation induced grafting of styrene into crosslinked and non-crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene films for polymer electrolyte fuel cell applications. I: Influence of styrene grafting conditions

Crosslinked and non-crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films [RX-PTFE and V-PTFE films, respectively], were irradiated in air at room temperature using γ-rays from a ⁶⁰Co source. The irradiated films were grafted with styrene in liquid phase. The grafting of styrene into PTFE films was proved by FT-IR spectroscopy. The influence of the reaction temperature and pre-irradiation doses on the resulted degree of grafting was discussed. The grafting speed and the degree of grafting were determined by the reaction temperature and pre-irradiation doses. The apparent activation energies were calculated as 39.7 kJ/mol for RX-PTFE films and 59.5 kJ/mol for V-PTFE films. The dependence index on absorbed doses at pre-irradiation for RX-PTFE films is 0.66, and for V-PTFE films it is 1.57. The geometric size changes of the grafted films were measured and discussed. Interestingly, the thickness of the grafted films was strongly influenced by the reaction temperature. The tensile strength and the elongation at break of the non-grafted and grafted RX-PTFE and V-PTFE films were measured. The grafted films then are sulfonated by chlorosulfonic acid for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) applications and the highest IEC value gained is over 3. The analysis of the sulfonated films are now in progress.     

金属铝诱导法低温制备多晶硅薄膜

以氢气稀释的硅烷(SiH₄)和硼烷(B₂H₆)为气源,利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积法(PECVD)制备出p型a-Si薄膜.采用铝诱导晶化技术对不同厚度的铝膜对a-Si薄膜晶化的影响进行了研究.实验中发现,铝膜溅射为10 s的非晶硅薄膜样品在450℃下退火10 min后,p型a-Si结构仍为非晶态,铝膜溅射为20 s的非晶硅薄膜在450℃下退火20 min后,p型a-Si薄膜开始晶化为poly-Si薄膜,并且铝膜厚度越厚,则a-Si薄膜晶化程度越强.     

Film thickness studies for the chemically synthesized conducting polyaniline

The chemical oxidation of aniline with ammonium persulphate (APS) in aqueous acidic medium to form polyaniline (PANI) films has been studied using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique. PANI films can also grow onto glass supports immersed in the reaction mixture during the polymerization. The optical absorption for these films was measured. Multilayer deposition of polymer films onto the gold electrode of QCM and onto the glass supports from consecutive repetitive treatments by the reaction mixture containing aniline and APS, were studied. The induction period, the yield and the growth rate of the polymer films during the multilayer deposition were discussed. A relation between the thickness of the films determined, from QCM technique and the optical absorption of the films was established. The electrical conductivity of the PANI films was also measured.     

Cold water fish gelatin films: Effects of cross-linking on thermal, mechanical, barrier, and biodegradation properties

Gelatin was extracted from Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Alaska pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) skins and cast into films. The fish gelatin films’ tensile, thermal, water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, and biodegradation properties were compared to those of bovine and porcine gelatin films. In addition, fish gelatin films were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Pollock and salmon gelatin films had comparable tensile properties, but had lower tensile strength and percent elongation than mammalian gelatin films. The lower strength and elongation might have been due to lower structural gelatin levels present in fish gelatin films. The addition of cross-linkers had little effect on tensile properties and melting temperatures of fish gelatin films. Pollock gelatin films had the lowest water vapor and oxygen permeability values, whereas mammalian gelatin films had the highest permeability values. Cross-linking resulted in lower water vapor permeability for salmon gelatin films and higher oxygen permeability for pollock gelatin films. However, all fish gelatin films had better water vapor and oxygen barrier properties than mammalian gelatin films. Also, fish gelatin films degraded faster than mammalian gelatin films.     

Improved Hydrophobicity of Macroalgae Biopolymer Film Incorporated with Kenaf Derived CNF Using Silane Coupling Agent

Hydrophilic behaviour of carrageenan macroalgae biopolymer, due to hydroxyl groups, has limited its applications, especially for packaging. In this study, macroalgae were reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) isolated from kenaf bast fibres. The macroalgae CNF film was after that treated with silane for hydrophobicity enhancement. The wettability and functional properties of unmodified macroalgae CNF films were compared with silane-modified macroalgae CNF films. Characterisation of the unmodified and modified biopolymers films was investigated. The atomic force microscope (AFM), SEM morphology, tensile properties, water contact angle, and thermal behaviour of the biofilms showed that the incorporation of Kenaf bast CNF remarkably increased the strength, moisture resistance, and thermal stability of the macroalgae biopolymer films. Moreover, the films’ modification using a silane coupling agent further enhanced the strength and thermal stability of the films apart from improved water-resistance of the biopolymer films compared to unmodified films. The morphology and AFM showed good interfacial interaction of the components of the biopolymer films. The modified biopolymer films exhibited significantly improved hydrophobic properties compared to the unmodified films due to the enhanced dispersion resulting from the silane treatment. The improved biopolymer films can potentially be utilised as packaging materials.     

Changes in Porosity and Amounts of Adsorbed Water in Sol-Gel Derived Porous Silica Films with Heat Treatment

Porous silica films were obtained by a heat treatment of poly(ethyleneglycol)-containing gels for micro-patterning. Changes in porosity and the amount of adsorbed water with the heat treatment temperature in the silica films were evaluated from the refractive index of the films. The apparent refractive index of the silica films in an ambient atmosphere was much higher than the intrinsic refractive index of the film due to the large amount of adsorbed water in the films. The amount of adsorbed water in the films decreased with an increase in the heat treatment temperature and became almost zero after a heat treatment at 850°C. The decrease in the amount of adsorbed water in the films was caused by the decrease in silanol groups, which acted as the sites for water adsorption in the films. The drastic decreases in thickness and in porosity of the films at temperatures from 850 to 950°C occurred after the disappearance of silanol groups in the films. The densification of the films due to collapse of the pores at high temperatures should have resulted from the viscous flow of silica network.     

两亲性高聚物形成LB膜条件的研究

两亲性高聚物形成ＬＢ膜条件的研究边凤兰，杨毅，黄金满，高倩，高明远，沈家骢（吉林大学化学系，长春，１３００２３）关键词两性高聚物，接枝度，ＬＢ膜，循环伏安法应用ＬＢ膜技术，制备高质量的有机超薄膜ｌ‘，习日益引起人们极大的兴趣，如果这种薄膜没有针孔等结...     

聚苯乙烯重氮盐的单组分逐层自组装研究

利用聚苯乙烯重氮盐(PS-DAS),通过单组分逐层自组装,得到了厚度可控的超薄膜.采用紫外可见光谱,椭偏仪,原子力显微镜等对自组装膜的增长和表面形貌进行了表征,并对其交联前后的性质进行了研究.结果表明,利用逐层自组装步骤可以制备膜厚均匀增长的PS-DAS膜.组装过程中的吹干步骤对自组装膜的增长起重要作用.在加热条件下,超薄膜可以发生交联反应,得到疏水的表面。     

Development of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) Nut Starch Films Containing Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Leaf Essential Oil

There have been many studies on the development biodegradable films using starch isolated from various food sources as a substitute for synthetic plastic packaging films. In this study, starch was extracted from ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) nuts, which were mainly discarded and considered an environment hazard. The prepared starch (GBS) was then used for the preparation of antioxidant films by incorporating various amounts of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) essential oil (CZEO), which provides antioxidant activity. The prepared GBS films with CZEO were characterized by measuring physical, optical, and thermal properties, along with antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP) measurements. With the increasing amount of CZEO, the flexibility and antioxidant activities of the GBS films increased proportionally, whereas the tensile strength of the films decreased. The added CZEO also increased the water vapor permeability of the GBS films, and the microstructure of the GBS films was homogeneous overall. Therefore, the obtained results indicate that the developed GBS films containing CZEO are applicable as antioxidant food packaging.     

溶液法铝诱导晶化多晶硅薄膜

介绍了一种基于溶液的廉价制备Al诱导晶化多晶硅薄膜的方法. 先以低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD)方法制备50 nm厚的非晶硅(amorphous silicon, a-Si)薄膜作为前驱物, 通过旋涂的方法, 将含有Al的盐溶液涂覆在a-Si薄膜表面, 550-620 ℃下氮气氛围退火若干小时得到多晶硅薄膜. 文中针对化学诱导源的种类、前驱物表面状况对晶化效果的影响进行了研究. 发现只有反应生成物中含有偏铝酸根(AlO-2)的碱性溶液才能发生诱导晶化, 而若Al溶液浓度过低, 则不能得到连续的多晶硅薄膜. a-Si表面若附有薄氧化层会有利于Al盐溶液在表面上的粘附以及得到大尺寸的晶粒, 然而又会增高退火晶化所需要的温度. 同时溶液在薄膜表面的粘附状况还会受到溶液中存在的其它离子的影响. 因此必须选用合适的实验条件.