过氧草酸酯结构和取代基对其化学发光的影响(英)

通过单晶测定和理论研究阐述了过氧草酸酯化学发光中取代基的影响 .几种典型的芳基草酸酯所 观察的化学发光效率随着羰基碳原子的正电荷增加而递增 .通过电子密度函数的计算印证了芳基草酸酯 对过氧化氢亲核进攻的活泼性 .     

过氧草酸酯类化学发光激发荧光

过氧草酸酯类化学发光激发荧光是迄今发现的效率最高的一种化学发光激发荧光。本文对其机理进行了讨论，介绍了其主要用途，并讨论了不同的化学发光能量接受体（荧光剂分子）、芳基草酸酯、添加剂对化学发光强度和寿命的影响。     

草酸二芳基酯-过氧化氢化学发光体系的原理与应用

草酸二芳基酯-过氧化氢化学发光体系是一种原理简单、效果明显、趣味性强的化学发光体系。通过体系中的染料将反应的化学能转变为光能,广泛应用于发光玩具、紧急照明、搜寻救援等领域。根据所使用染料的不同,化学发光可以发出不同颜色的可见光以及肉眼不可见的红外光。本科普实验通过多种化学发光染料,介绍了化学发光的原理和红、绿、蓝、红外发光的波长范围,以及展示了利用红光、绿光、蓝光实现多种颜色发光的原理。本文设计了不同染料的混合发光、火山喷发模拟、自制化学发光荧光笔、粉笔彩色发光、自制荧光棒等多组化学发光科普实验和互动环节,寓教于乐,生动有趣。     

影响双(2-丁氧羰基-3,4,6-三氯苯基)草酸酯化学发光体系的因素

过氧草酸酯类化学发光是一类以多氯代水杨酸酯与草酰氯反应生成的草酸酯、过氧化氢和荧光剂为主要组成的化学发光体［１，２］．它除了具有发光效率高，强度大，寿命长的特点外，还可以通过选择荧光剂调节发光的颜色．采用这类发光体系可制成多种化学光源．在草酸酯和荧光...     

化学发光试剂的结构修饰及化学发光性能研究进展

化学发光法灵敏度高、背景干扰小,尤其适合于复杂体系中微量被测物的分析.吖啶鎓、鲁米诺、过氧草酸酯、1,2.二氧杂环丁烷等是应用广泛、量子产率较高的化学发光试剂.介绍了它们及其衍生物的结构修饰与化学发光性能研究进展,并展望了化学发光试剂修饰的前景.     

微流控芯片化学发光检测系统的设计及其应用

通过标准光刻、化学刻蚀及热键合技术制作微流控电泳芯片,在芯片上集成流通式化学发光检测池,实现样品的芯片电泳分离化学发光检测.采用双(2,4,6-三氣苯基)草酸酯(TCPO)-过氧化氢化学发光体系,通过微泵输送化学发光试剂.单酰化苯并氨基酸和单酰化肌氨酸在该系统中得以成功地分离检测,其检测限分别达到2.8和3.2 μmol/L.     

化学发光技术在色谱柱后检测中的应用

化学发光与色谱联用具有选择性好、灵敏度高等优点,应用广泛.本文主要介绍近三年来化学发光包括鲁米诺、过氧草酸酯、Ru(bipy)33 、无机等体系作为液相色谱柱后检测及含氮、含硫化合物气相化学发光等体系作为气相色谱柱后检测的现状.     

通过芳磺酸酯不同化学键的可选择性断裂构建不同的芳基醚

实现了利用芳磺酸酯作原料通过各种化学键的选择性断裂制备芳基烷基醚和二芳基醚, 实现了利用吸电子基取代的芳磺酰氯与酚的反应来制备二芳基醚. 在K₂CO₃作用下, 分别利用酯基部分苯环上是吸电子基取代的芳磺酸芳基酯通过S―O键断裂与醇的反应, 芳磺酸烷基酯通过C―O键断裂与酚的反应来合成芳基烷基醚. 在K₃PO₄作用下, 利用吸电子基取代的芳磺酸芳基酯、芳磺酰氯通过C―S键断裂与酚的反应来制备邻位具有吸电子位阻官能团的二芳基醚; 此外, 在缺少相应酚的情况下, 上述的芳磺酸芳基酯在同样的条件下也可以得到相同的二芳基醚.     

镍催化酚衍生物的Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应研究进展

过渡金属镍催化的Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应在有机合成中有着广泛的应用.综述了近年来以过渡金属镍催化的以酚的衍生物为底物的偶联反应的研究进展.主要包括芳基磺酸酯、氨基磺酸芳基酯、碳酸芳基酯、芳基羧酸酯、氨基甲酸芳基酯、芳基磷酸酯、芳醚、杂芳醚和酚盐的偶联反应.     

化学发光免疫分析技术及其在农药残留检测中的应用进展

化学发光免疫分析技术发展迅速,具有特异性强、灵敏度高、线性范围宽、操作简单、成本底、检测时间短、易于实现自动化等优点,在农残检测领域得到广泛应用。以化学发光免疫分析为基础,介绍了吖啶酯类、鲁米诺类、咪唑类、苯酚类及芳基草酸酯类5种化学发光剂,及化学发光免疫分析法、荧光化学发光免疫分析法、化学发光酶联免疫分析法和电化学发光免疫分析法4种常见的分析方法,重点综述了化学发光免疫分析技术在农药残留检测中的应用,并对该领域的研究前景进行了展望,旨在为农药残留检测相关研究提供参考。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.