Ca掺杂的CeO2模型催化剂的形貌和电子结构及其与CO2分子的相互作用

利用扫描隧道显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和同步辐射光电子能谱研究了CeO₂(111),部分还原的CeO_2-x(111) (0＜x＜0.5)以及Ca掺杂的CeO₂模型催化剂的形貌、电子结构以及它们与CO₂分子间的相互作用。CeO₂(111)和部分还原的CeO_2-x(111)薄膜外延生长于Cu(111)单晶表面。不同Ca掺杂的CeO₂薄膜是通过在CeO₂(111)薄膜表面室温物理沉积金属Ca及随后真空退火到不同温度而得到的。不同的制备过程导致样品具有不同的表面组成,化学态和结构。CO₂吸附到CeO₂和部分还原的CeO_2-x表面后导致表面羧酸盐的形成。此外,相比于CeO₂表面,羧酸盐物种更易在部分还原的CeO_2-x表面生成,而且更加稳定。而在Ca掺杂的氧化铈薄膜表面,Ca²⁺离子的存在有利于CO₂的吸附,且探测到碳酸盐物种的形成。     

钛基金属氧化物电极制备及其氨氮废水降解性能

采用热分解方法制备了4种电极钛基金属氧化物：Ti/SnO₂+Sb₂O₃、Ti/SnO₂+Sb₂O₃/SnO₂+IrO₂、Ti/SnO₂+Sb₂O₃/SnO₂+RuO₂和Ti/SnO₂+Sb₂O₃/SnO₂+CeO₂. X-射线衍射分析表明Ti/SnO₂+Sb₂O₃/SnO₂+CeO₂电极的CeO₂晶体结构完好,连续工作较长时间电极表面没有明显析氧. 使用该电极电解氧化氨氮模拟废水（降解2 h）,氨氮模拟废水从高浓度（500 mg·L^-1）降解为较低浓度（180 mg·L^-1）,降解效率可达64%,电解活性最佳.     

双层结构CeO2光阳极在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

利用水热法合成核壳结构Au@SiO₂@CeO₂纳米微球,制备了一系列双层结构复合光阳极并应用于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)。研究表明：当CeO₂纳米微球和核壳结构Au@SiO₂@CeO₂纳米微球应用于DSSC光阳极散射层时,电池的光电转化效率有了显著提高。相对于纯TiO₂(P25)光阳极,P25/CeO₂纳米球光阳极电池的DSSC光电性能提高了15.3%,P25/Au@SiO₂@CeO₂纳米球光阳极电池的光电性能提高了27.9%。DSSC光电性能的提高主要归因于2个方面：一方面,Au纳米粒子的表面等离子体共振效应有效提高了光阳极薄膜的光散射效应。另一方面,CeO₂具有较高的染料负载能力,核壳球形结构具有较高的比表面积,增强了光的散射效应,提高了电子传输能力。     

界面增强的CeO2/FeNi MOF高效析氧催化剂

在众多非贵金属基材料中，金属有机骨架（MOFs）因其高比表面积和丰富的金属活性中心而成为最有前景的氧气析出反应（OER）催化剂之一.但MOFs的本征催化活性、导电性和稳定性较差，从而影响其在OER电催化中的应用.本工作通过电沉积法在泡沫镍支撑的FeNi MOF纳米片表面引入5 nm的CeO₂纳米团簇来提高MOFs的催化活性.CeO₂纳米团簇与FeNi MOF纳米片之间的固-固界面相互作用以及CeO₂纳米团簇的掺杂有效调控了MOF表面金属位点的电子结构，提高了金属位点的本征电催化活性；同时，CeO₂团簇良好的导电性促进了FeNi MOF表面的电荷迁移，从而使CeO₂/FeNi MOF的OER活性优于FeNi MOF.在1 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液中CeO₂/FeNi MOF达到50 mA·cm^-2和100 mA·cm^-2的电流密度所需要的过电位分别只有220 mV和233 mV，同时表现出快速的反应动力学和优异的稳定性.     

电活性铁氰化镍膜电极对稀土钇的电控离子分离

通过电沉积方法分别在镀铂石英晶片和铂基底上制备了电活性铁氰化镍膜,并考察了膜电极在含钇离子溶液中的电控离子交换性能. 在0.1 mol·L^-1的硝酸钇溶液中,使用循环伏安法及石英晶体微天平技术测试考察了铁氰化镍膜对钇离子的置入释放性能及对应的质量变化,同时比较了铁氰化镍膜电极在Y(NO₃)₃和Sr(NO₃)₂溶液中的电化学性能. 在0.1 mol·L^-1 [Y(NO₃)₃ + Sr(NO₃)₂]混合溶液中,通过循环伏安法分析了薄膜对Y³⁺/Sr²⁺离子的选择性. 用扫描电子显微镜观察了铁氰化镍膜的表面形貌,并通过X射线光电子能谱仪测定了膜在氧化和还原状态下的元素组成. 结果表明,铁氰化镍膜在含Y³⁺溶液中具有良好的离子交换行为,其中氧化过程薄膜质量减少,对应着钇离子的释放;还原过程薄膜质量增加,对应钇离子的置入;在0.0 V或0.9 V调控膜电极的氧化还原状态实现对钇离子的有效分离.     

血红蛋白在二氧化铈修饰电极上的直接电化学

将二氧化铈(CeO₂)与酶复合修饰电极, 采用循环伏安法研究了血红蛋白(Hb)在CeO₂修饰的玻碳电极上的电化学行为. 实验表明, 固定在CeO₂材料上的Hb, 不仅能有效地与电极表面进行直接电子转移, 而且能够保持其生物催化活性. 制得的Nafion/CeO₂/Hb/GC修饰电极的电子传递速率k_s为(0.68±0.09) s^－1, 对H₂O₂的检测限为1.013 μmol•L^－1, 重现性和稳定性较好. CeO₂在实验中体现出一定的生物相容性, 起到了促进Hb与电极之间进行直接电子传递的作用. CeO₂修饰电极进行蛋白质直接电化学测定以及酶生物电催化的成功实践, 为稀土氧化物材料在电化学传感领域中的应用开辟了思路.     

微波辅助合成具有优异电化学性能的rGO/CeO2超级电容器电极材料

CeO₂具有良好的赝电容, 但有关碳/CeO₂复合材料的电化学性能有待改善. 本工作采用简单的微波辅助合成法, 将氧化石墨烯与Ce(NO₃)₃混合发生氧化还原反应, 获得还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)/CeO₂复合材料. 通过形貌观察, CeO₂以颗粒形式均匀分布在褶皱的rGO上, 且沿着rGO表面仿形生长; 纳米级CeO₂颗粒之间存在微小间隙. N₂吸/脱附测试结果表明, rGO/CeO₂具有大的比表面积和介孔孔径, 有益于与电解液充分接触. 通过电化学测试, rGO/CeO₂的比电容高达468 F•g^-1, 经过10000次充放电循环, 电容保持率高达107.3%. 优异的循环稳定性归因于大表面积的rGO与均匀薄层的CeO₂良好的协同效应减少了离子传输的阻力以及CeO₂颗粒之间微小的间隙, 缓解了Ce⁴⁺还原为Ce³⁺过程中发生的晶格膨胀. 将rGO/CeO₂组装成对称型超级电容器rGO/CeO₂||rGO/CeO₂获得的能量密度达18.16 Wh•kg^-1. rGO/CeO₂作为超级电容器电极材料具有广阔前景.     

紫外光诱导氧合型肌红蛋白氧化反应及机理

肌红蛋白通常在无光条件下可进行输氧、储氧等重要功能,实验中我们发现紫外光照射可促进氧合肌红蛋白(MbO₂)的氧化反应,证实其在光照时部分生理功能会发生变化。紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱数据显示,光照射时MbO₂的Soret带最大吸收波长蓝移、Q吸收带544和580 nm处还原峰强度下降,说明紫外光光照促进O₂解离, MbFe(Ⅱ)可被氧化至MbFe(Ⅲ)。四种波长光对光照氧化的影响程度为254 nm > 280 nm >430 nm > 409 nm;通入CO气体时氧合肌红蛋白较难发生光照氧化反应,即Fe的第六配位强度影响反应程度;溶液中的H⁺或OH^-对光照氧化反应有促进作用; 254、280 nm波长光照射时,苯丙氨酸(Phe)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、色氨酸(Trp)三种游离氨基酸均促进光照氧化反应的进行,而409、430 nm波长光照射时三种游离氨基酸对光照氧化反应的影响较小。以上数据表明体内光诱导MbO₂氧化反应过程中蛋白质内的Fe(Ⅱ)能否被光照激发形成未成对电子处于激发态是O₂离去和二价铁被氧化的关键。     

绿脓杆菌阳极的微生物燃料电池含溶解氧性能研究

本文研究了绿脓杆菌分泌的电子中介体绿脓菌素与电极之间的反应,并探讨了溶解氧的影响. 通过循环伏安曲线、测试电极开路电位等方法,确定绿脓菌素阳极反应是受扩散控制的可逆反应. 菌液的溶解氧浓度在一定范围内（0 ~ 1.6 mg.L^-1）对绿脓菌素和电极之间的反应影响不大. 微生物燃料电池的极化曲线表明,当溶解氧为1.6 mg.L^-1时,微生物燃料电池输出电流下降了7%,对绿脓杆菌阳极的微生物燃料电池影响不大.     

电化学沉积法制备CeO2@Ag@CdSe纳米管阵列及其光电化学性能研究

首次通过高效电化学沉积法在FTO导电玻璃上成功合成三元复合材料CeO₂@Ag@CdSe纳米管阵列.在该体系中,银纳米粒子能够在表面等离子体效应下增强光吸收性能,而且能够提供一个内部通道促进光生载流子的转移与分离.CeO₂@Ag@CdSe纳米棒阵列在偏压为-0.2 V（vs.Ag/AgCl）时,能够产生较高的光生电流3.92 mA·cm^-2,该光生电流密度比双组分系统CeO₂@CdSe（0.802 mA·cm^-2）高4.9倍.该三元材料在360 nm单色光下的光电转换效率高达72%,且该光电极在连续测试16 min后仍能保持其光稳定性能.     

Properties of chemical vapour deposited nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films and their use in dye-sensitized solar cells

Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin films have been prepared using titanium(IV) isopropoxide as a precursor onto the glass and fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass substrates by chemical vapour deposition technique at 400 °C substrate temperature. X-ray diffraction study confirms the polycrystalline nature of TiO₂ with anatase phase having tetragonal crystal structure. The films are 975 nm thick and transparent having transmittance grater than 80%. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images reveal the nanocrystalline morphology with grain size of 200 nm. The film shows a sharp absorption edge near 350 nm. Photoelectrochemical study shows that TiO₂ thin film sensitized with Brown Orange dye is found to exhibit relatively maximum I_sc and V_oc among the studied dyes. The values of fill factor (FF) and efficiency (η) for the dye-sensitized solar cell (Brown Orange dye-sensitized TiO₂) are 0.54 and 0.17%, respectively. Such films would serve as better prospects for dye-sensitized solar cells.     

Early Stages of CeO2 Thin-film Nucleation and Growth with Photo Irradiation

In this paper, the early stages of nucleation and photoirradiation growth of CeO₂ thin films have been studied. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the nucleation process of CeO₂ thin films deposited on the anode with photo irradiation. Experimental results show that the anodic deposition process with photo illumination is controlled by diffusion. Compared with the dark state, photo illumination mainly contributed to increase the current density of the three-dimensional nucleation process, because photo illumination is helpful to create active sites and accelerate the nucleation progress on the surface that a thin ceria film has been formed. Two-dimensional nucleation process mainly exists within the initial 2 s, and then only three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation process continues, which may be the main reason why the thickness of the CeO₂ film can continue to grow with photo illumination but not in the dark state. Increasing the deposition overpotential can promote two-dimensional nucleation and growth rate, whilst when the potential exceeds 0.65 V, three-dimensional current density decreases. The li-miting factor at that time may be the diffusion rate of cerium ions in the solution towards the electrode substrate.     

负载型钙钛矿催化氧化NO及抗SO_2性能研究

采用柠檬酸络合浸渍法制备了负载型钙钛矿氧化物La1-xCexCoO3/CeO2(x=0~0.3)催化剂,考察了不同Ce掺杂量对其催化氧化NO和抗硫性能的影响,并运用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、氮气物理吸附、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、氧气程序升温脱附(O2-TPD)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂的活性与其比表面积大小和氧化还原性质密切相关;其中,负载型钙钛矿La0.8Ce0.2CoO3/CeO2催化剂在300℃时催化氧化NO的转化率达78%。在添加CeO2作载体后,不仅改善了非负载性钙钛矿的低温活性,而且抗硫性能也显著提高。     

Investigation of the photocatalytic degradation of organochlorine pesticides on a nano-TiO2 coated film

The photocatalytic degradation of organochlorine pesticides including -, β-, γ-, δ-hexachlorobenzene (BHC), dicofol and cypermethrin were carried out on a nano-TiO₂ coated films under UV irradiation in the air. The photocatalytic conditions, including the amount of TiO₂, irradiation time and the intensity of light were optimized. The pesticides were most effectively degraded under the condition of 2.24 mg/cm² on TiO₂ film and a 400 W UV irradiation of high-pressure mercury lamp with a wavelength of 365 nm. A typical organochlorine pesticide, 20 μg -BHC, was dipped onto the TiO₂ film surface and degraded completely within 20 min. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation pathways on the nano-TiO₂ coated film were discussed.     

Interaction of cobalt with ceria thin films and its influence on supported Au nanoparticles

The interaction of Co with ceria thin films and its influence on the sintering behavior of Au were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy(STM), synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy(SRPES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The strong interaction between Co and CeO_2(111) leads to oxidation of Co to Co~(2+) at 300 K, accompanied by partial reduction of ceria surface at low Co coverages. Subsequent Co deposition results in an increasing fraction of metallic Co. Annealing to high temperatures induces Co~(2+)ions diffuse into the CeO_2 film, while the small metallic Co islands agglomerate into larger ones. The bimetallic Co–Au particles were prepared by deposition of Au on the existing Co particles on ceria surfaces. The sintering behavior of Co–Au bimetallic surfaces is found to be highly determined by the stoichiometry of ceria supports. The addition of Co to the Au/CeO_2 surface suppresses the sintering of Au particles at high temperatures in comparison with that of pure Au particles. However, Au particles are less stable on the Co/CeO_(1.82) layer than on CeO_(1.82) surface.     

纯相Li_2MnO_3薄膜的制备及作为锂离子电池正极材料的电化学行为

采用固相烧结法制备了纯相Li2MnO3正极材料及靶材,采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法在氧气气氛、不同温度下沉积了Li2MnO3薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼(Raman)光谱表征了薄膜的晶体结构,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察薄膜形貌及厚度,利用电化学手段测试了Li2MnO3薄膜作为锂离子电池正极材料性能.结果表明,PLD方法制备的纯相Li2MnO3薄膜随着沉积温度升高薄膜结晶性变好.25℃沉积的薄膜难以可逆充放电,400℃沉积的薄膜具有较高的电化学活性和循环稳定性.相对于粉末材料,400与600℃制备的Li2MnO3薄膜电极平均放电电位随着循环次数的衰减速率明显低于相应的粉体材料.     

La对柴油车尾气中可溶性有机物氧化催化剂CeO2-ZrO2的影响

采用共沉淀法分别制备CeO₂-ZrO₂(质量比60:40)和CeO₂-ZrO₂-La₂O₃(质量比60:30:10)催化剂.利用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)对柴油车尾气中可溶性有机物(SOF)的催化活性进行测试.结果表明La改性的CeO₂-ZrO₂催化剂相较于CeO₂-ZrO₂催化剂表现出更好的活性, SOF的起燃温度为164 ℃,最大失重点温度为212 ℃;对CeO₂-ZrO₂来说, SOF在168 ℃开始转化, 221 ℃转化最快. X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明, La的添加有效降低老化催化剂的晶粒尺寸增大速率. N₂吸附-脱附的结果说明La的添加有利于增大CeO₂-ZrO₂催化剂的比表面积; O₂-程序升温脱附(O₂-TPD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明La的改性有效增加化学吸附氧含量.因此, CeO₂-ZrO₂-La₂O₃催化剂表现出较好的催化活性和抗老化性.     

Effect of Cesium Modification on CuO/CeO2 Catalysts for the Catalytic Decomposition of N2O

A series of Cs-modified CuO/CeO2 mixed oxide catalysts was prepared for enhancing the stable activity of N2O decomposition.It was found that Cs modification promoted the catalytic performance of CuO/CeO2 catalysts significantly,The l%Cs-CuO/CeO2 catalyst exhibited the best activity,and the conversion of N2O reached 100%at 380℃ in the presence of 2% O2.The catalytic behaviors were investigated by means of XRD,N2 adsorption isotherms,XPS,H2-TPR(TPR:temperature-prograrmmed reduction),CO-IR,O2-TPD(TPD:temperature-programmed desorption)and diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectorscopy(DRiFTs).The results revealed that Cs modification promoted the activity and the oxygen resistance by enhancing the desorption of surface oxygen species and increasing the content of Ce^3+.CO-DRIFTs revealed that Ce^3+could efficiently facilitate the regeneration of active Cu^+sites by an oxygen migration step.The possible reaction mechanism was also discussed.     

Preparation and Magnetic Properties of Submicron CrO2 Thin Film on Poly-crystal TiO2 Film

The submicron chromium dioxide(CrO₂) thin film was fabricated on a poly-crystal titania(TiO₂) film using Si wafers as substrates by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(CVD) method. X-Ray diffraction patterns show that the CrO₂ films were pure rutile structure. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images indicate that the CrO₂ films consisted of submicron grains with a grain size of 250―750 nm. The magnetic researches reveal that the magnetic easy axis is parallel to the films, and at room temperature, the CrO₂ films show linear magnetoresistance.