负载型纳米金催化葡萄糖氧化研究进展

正近年来,负载型金催化剂已广泛应用于催化各类氧化反应,如CO氧化[1-2]、水煤气转换反应[3-4]、醇醛的选择性氧化[5-7]、过氧化氢合成[8]、挥发性有机物催化燃烧等[9].同时,负载型金属催化剂(Pt、Pd)已应用于催化葡萄糖氧化制备葡萄糖酸盐,但在催化反应过程中易发生催化剂钝     

负载型金催化剂的制备、催化性能及应用前景

负载型金催化剂的制备、催化性能及应用前景①郝郑平安立敦②王弘立（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所，兰州７３００００）关键词负载型金催化剂催化性能应用前景金历来被用作为货币保值和饰品材料．由于其化学惰性和难于高分散，一般不被用来作为催化剂．本世纪７０年代末...     

微生物还原法制备负载性高分散度金催化剂

负载型金属催化剂的金属分散度与催化性能密切相关．高分散度负载型金催化剂，当金的粒径小于4urn时，对CO的催化氧化活性骤然升高门．目前大部分仍采用沉淀法制备负载型金催化剂．Yuan等问用三苯基腰沉淀法制备的An／Fe门H）3催化剂，载体上金的平均粒径为2．9urn，在一73～0o     

负载型纳米金催化剂用于丙烯气相环氧化反应的研究进展

丙烯气相选择氧化制备环氧丙烷是催化领域的难题之一,负载型纳米金催化剂因在氢气和氧气共存条件下对环氧丙烷具有高选择性而被广泛研究,并在丙烯转化率,反应稳定性,氢气有效利用率上都取得了长足的进步。本文综述了负载型纳米金催化剂在丙烯气相环氧化反应的研究结果和发展趋势。重点阐述了催化剂制备方法、载体材料、金粒径、催化助剂等方面对丙烯气相环氧化反应的影响。最后,综合各催化剂的优缺点,分析并展望了具有高转化率与高选择性的纳米金催化剂的前景和发展方向。     

负载型金催化剂催化CO氧化的性能(Ⅱ)

负载型金催化剂催化ＣＯ氧化的性能（Ⅱ）郝郑平安立敦１）王弘立（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所兰州７３００００）关键词负载型金催化剂ＣＯ氧化制备因素分类号Ｏ６４３．３２金，由于其化学惰性和难于高分散，一般不被用来做催化剂．近年来，有关金催化剂的研究与开发...     

沉积沉淀法中制备条件对负载型纳米金催化剂性能的影响

CO的高效快速去除以及实现低(常)温催化氧化是现今研究的重点，而以尿素为沉淀剂，采用沉积沉淀法制备得到的低(常)温催化氧化CO负载型纳米金催化剂具有纳米金颗粒粒径更小、均匀分布于载体上的特点．本文对比了不同的搅拌方式、不同氧化铁载体的浸渍次数以及3种纳米金负载量制备条件下获得的Au/FeO_x/Al₂O₃催化剂的物化性质及催化氧化CO活性．结果表明用恒温水浴摇床振荡得到的负载型纳米金催化剂具有更好、更稳定的催化效果；其中，二次浸渍、摇床振荡、负载量为2%的制备条件下，纳米金催化剂具有最强的低温CO催化氧化活性．最后，本文分析了Al₂O₃,FeO_x/Al₂O₃和Au/FeO_x/Al₂O₃在不同温度下的CO催化氧化机理，认为CO催化氧化过程除了有CO₂产生，还存在副产物碳酸盐类物种．     

负载型金催化剂对CO氧化的催化性能（Ⅰ）

负载型金催化剂对ＣＯ氧化的催化性能（Ⅰ）郝郑平，安立敦，李胜利，王弘立（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所，兰州，７３００００）关键词负载型金催化剂，一氧化碳氧化，制备因素１．前言金历来被用来做为货币保值和饰品材料，由于化学惰性和难于制备高分散微粒，直到１...     

纳米金催化剂上CO低（常）温氧化的研究

金历来被认为是催化惰性的,但近年来有关金催化剂的研究与开发引起人们的兴趣与关注。负载纳米金催化剂显示了良好的催化性能,尤其对一氧化碳氧化反应,能够在低（常）温下将CO氧化为CO₂。和其他CO氧化催化剂相比,金催化剂具有高的催化活性、稳定性和抗潮湿的性能,预示着更加广泛的应用前景。本文从制备方法、载体的性质、微粒粒径的大小、预处理、活性机理和催化反应机理等方面进行综合与评述。     

高分散的炭载Au纳米催化剂的制备、表征和催化活性

采用柠檬酸钠还原-胶体负载法, 制备了高分散的炭载Au纳米催化剂, 并以液相催化氧化葡萄糖为葡萄糖酸钠的反应评价了Au/C催化剂的活性. 研究结果表明, 金溶胶制备过程中柠檬酸钠的用量对粒子尺寸以及所获催化剂的催化活性有重要影响; 催化剂在多次使用之后活性的降低可能是由于在活性炭表面金粒子活性位点上形成的Au^δ＋-O^δ－化合态减少的缘故. 同时比较了制备的Au/C和商业Pd/C催化剂对葡萄糖的液相催化氧化反应, 证明Au/C催化剂明显优于Pd/C催化剂.     

多孔材料负载金催化剂的制备与应用*

本文综述了微孔材料和介孔材料负载型金催化剂的制备、表征与应用研究的最新进展,从多孔载体的选择（氧化物、微孔分子筛、介孔氧化物、介孔分子筛和介孔碳材料）、金的最新负载方法（沉积-沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、原位法/一步法和化学气相沉积法）与表征及其催化性能（一氧化碳低温氧化、氢气/氧气直接合成过氧化氢、直接合成环氧丙烷和有机物的选择性氧化）等方面详尽地评述了微孔材料和介孔材料负载型金催化剂研究概况。同时,提出了多孔材料负载金催化剂存在的一些问题,并展望了其研究和发展的方向。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。