玩具材料中特定元素在四种人体模拟液中迁移方法探讨

选择塑料、纺织品和油漆涂层三类常见玩具材料,采用模拟胃液、酸性汗液、碱性汗液和唾液浸泡提取样品,使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测试提取液中17种欧盟玩具新指令限制元素（铝、锑、砷、钡、硼、镉、铬、钴、铜、铅、锰、汞、镍、硒、锶、锡、锌）迁移量,实验了前处理过程中不同振荡频率对金属元素迁移量的影响。实验结果表明：胃液对金属元素溶出能力最大,汗液溶出能力最弱,样品提取过程中,恒温水浴振荡器振荡频率在80~160r/min范围内时,特定元素溶出量相对标准偏差低于10%。     

玩具婴童用品中特定元素人体环境迁移试验条件综述

玩具婴童用品材料中的特定元素在玩耍或使用过程会向人体迁移,对儿童健康产生潜在的危害,国内外许多国家已制定相关法规限制其可迁移含量。该文综述了特定元素的人体暴露途径和迁移模型,结合儿童生理特征分别对汗液迁移、唾液迁移和胃液迁移3种模拟迁移试验的关键技术参数进行了详细介绍,对国内外差异进行了总结,并对其研究发展趋势进行了展望,可为建立玩具婴童用品材料中特定元素迁移试验通则提供参考。     

玩具、铅笔中8种有害元素模拟溶出条件的研究

国内外标准中关于玩具、铅笔中可溶性有害元素砷、钡、镉、铬、汞、铅、锑、硒的测定只考虑了胃液酸度的影响这一不足,在充分考虑唾液、胃液两种介质的影响下,建立了新的模拟溶出条件,将改进后的方法用于检测玩具、铅笔中8种有害元素,测定结果更切合实际。     

塑料玩具中丙烯酰胺总量及迁移量的高效液相色谱检测法及确证

建立了一种简单、快速测定玩具中丙烯酰胺含量与迁移量的高效液相色谱法(HPLC).该方法以Waters Atlantis T3柱为分析柱,以纯水超声提取并作为流动相,采用HPLC对水中丙烯酰胺的含量及模拟汗液、唾液中丙烯酰胺的迁移量进行测定,并测定了自制阳性样品中的残留丙烯酰胺的含量,最后用液相色谱-串联质谱( LC-M...     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移量北大核心CSCD

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中二苯甲酮、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮和2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮等4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移量。采用水、酸性汗液、碱性汗液、皂液等迁移模拟液。迁移模拟液加入到纺织品样品中后,采用水浴摇床振荡,振荡频率为80r·min^(-1),迁移时间为90min,在水及皂液中迁移时水温为常温,在酸性汗液及碱性汗液中迁移时水温为(37±2)℃,迁移模拟液采用乙腈液液萃取。以Waters Atlantis T3色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的乙腈和水的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,串联质谱分析中采用电喷雾离子源和多反应监测模式。4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为1~3μg·L^(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为3~10μg·L^(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为85.5%~102%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为4.4%~8.4%。对纺织品样品中4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂进行迁移评估,结果表明:4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移比例为0.02%~3.65%,最大迁移时间为60~90min。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移量

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中二苯甲酮、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮和2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮等4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移量。采用水、酸性汗液、碱性汗液、皂液等迁移模拟液。迁移模拟液加入到纺织品样品中后,采用水浴摇床振荡,振荡频率为80r·min~(-1),迁移时间为90min,在水及皂液中迁移时水温为常温,在酸性汗液及碱性汗液中迁移时水温为(37±2)℃,迁移模拟液采用乙腈液液萃取。以Waters Atlantis T3色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的乙腈和水的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,串联质谱分析中采用电喷雾离子源和多反应监测模式。4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为1~3μg·L~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为3~10μg·L~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为85.5%~102%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为4.4%~8.4%。对纺织品样品中4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂进行迁移评估,结果表明:4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移比例为0.02%~3.65%,最大迁移时间为60~90min。     

木制儿童用品中6种木材防腐剂的迁移规律研究

基于气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)技术建立了6种防腐剂总量及迁移量的测定方法,通过搭建迁移装置并模拟实际暴露场景,对自制阳性样品中6种防腐剂在模拟唾液和汗液中的迁移规律进行研究,并计算出不同时刻的迁移率。结果表明,在迁移2 min~96 h范围内,防腐剂的迁移量均随时间延长而逐渐增大,最终达到迁移平衡,迁移率为2.1%~61.7%(唾液),2.2%~86.4%(汗液)。在样品与模拟液仅接触2 min时有6种物质检出,迁移率分别为2.1%~4.2%(唾液)和2.2%~3.3%(汗液)。部分实际样品中检出了2,4-二氯苯酚和2,4,6-三氯苯酚,鉴于儿童日常生活中短时间持续接触样品的特点,选取两个实际阳性样品测定了其在2~30 min的迁移量及迁移率。     

儿童用品中17种欧盟玩具安全新指令限制元素迁移量分析与评估

参照欧盟玩具安全(2009/48/EC号)指令的要求,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定儿童用品材料中17种元素迁移量。样品主要有儿童玩具、童车、学生用品和儿童家具四大类别。共计测试样品337批,测试样品数为1 029个。实验结果表明,部分样品中有铝、钡、镉、铬、铜、铅、锰、锶和锌检出,部分样品中铅、镉迁移量超过欧盟玩具安全新指令限量要求。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定手机壳套中14种可迁移元素

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定手机壳套中14种可迁移元素含量的方法。样品经人工模拟汗液溶液振荡处理,使14种特定元素迁移至模拟溶液中,然后进行微波消解,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对消解液进行测定。14种元素在各自的质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限为0.004~0.400μg/L。样品加标回收率为88.2%~99.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.5%~9.3%(n=5)。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,线性范围广,定量准确,适用于手机壳套中14种可迁移元素含量的测定。     

伏安极谱仪测定海水中活性态痕量金属

阳极溶出伏安法是一种可以直接用于海水中痕量金属元素检测分析的有效方法,不仅能够实现多元素同时检测,而且不需要样品预浓缩处理.通过伏安极谱仪,研究了富集电位和富集时间等关键参数对阳极溶出伏安法测定痕量金属铜、铅、镉、锌的影响,对过滤后的海水样品直接进行检测,实现了烟台四十里湾不同站位海水中活性态痕量金属铜、铅、镉、锌的测定,为海水中痕量金属元素的形态分析及生物可利用性研究提供了有效技术手段.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.