月季花抗氧化活性成分研究

以活性追踪为指导分离和纯化了月季花中具有1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除活性的成分. 从月季花中分离得到了10个黄酮类化合物, 采用光谱法对其结构进行了表征, 并对它们的自由基清除活性进行了评价. 结果表明, 化合物1为新化合物, 化合物1, 2, 4和9具有较强的清除DPPH自由基的活性.     

近红外光谱结合化学计量学快速测定羊栖菜抗氧化活性

基于近红外光谱技术建立了快速、高效的羊栖菜抗氧化活性评价方法。采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定了6批共150个羊栖菜样本的抗氧化活性,包括1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除能力、2,2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）自由基清除能力和铁离子还原能力（FRAP法）。采用NIRS和偏最小二乘法（PLS）建立了3个抗氧化活性指标的定量校正模型,并采用不同光谱预处理方法和竞争性自适应重加权采样（CARS）方法优化模型性能。将校正集相关系数（RC）、预测集相关系数（RP）、校正集均方根误差（RMSEC）和预测集均方根误差（RMSEP）作为校正模型的评价指标。结果表明,3个定量校正模型的预测精度均较理想,RP和RMSEP分别为0.968和2.42%、0.967和0.73%、0.979和3.60μmol/L。基于NIRS和CARSPLS所构建的方法可以成功用于羊栖菜的抗氧化活性测定,具备分析快速、操作简便、经济环保的优点,对保障羊栖菜品质、提升羊栖菜品质控制水平有一定的指导意义。     

4种黄酮小分子对DPPH自由基的清除作用及构效关系研究

通过紫外可见光谱测定了4种黄酮小分子芦丁、牡荆素、山奈素、金丝桃苷对DPPH自由基的清除率、稳定性及半抑制浓度(IC50),并以常用的天然抗氧化剂抗坏血酸作为对照,考察了其抗氧化效果,探讨了黄酮类化合物的抗氧化性与结构的关系。结果表明：不同的抗氧化剂清除DPPH自由基达到平衡的时间不同,芦丁所需时间最长。4种黄酮小分子及抗坏血酸均对DPPH自由基有清除效果,并存在一定的量效关系。对DPPH自由基的清除能力从大到小依次为金丝桃苷、抗坏血酸、芦丁、山奈素、牡荆素。结构分析表明,B环邻二酚羟基是黄酮类化合物抗氧化所必需的基团,其羟甲基化及A环羟基糖苷化不利于黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性。而C环3-OH的糖苷化对抗氧化活性有利,且单糖苷优于双糖苷。     

3-氨基-7,8-二甲氧基香豆素及其衍生物的合成及抗氧化活性

合成了3-氨基-7,8-二甲氧基香豆素及其衍生物共11个化合物,其中3个化合物(2b、2d、2e)为新型香豆素芳酰胺类化合物。 通过猝灭1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2'-联氮二(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐阳离子自由基(ABTS^+·)和羟自由基实验考察了所合成化合物的抗氧化活性,结果表明化合物2b对DPPH自由基、羟自由基的清除能力超出或接近对照品维生素C,而衍生物2a、2b和2c的抗氧化活性优于母体。 故酰化可提高3-氨基-7,8-二甲氧基香豆素的抗氧化性能,尤其是普遍提高了羟基自由基的清除能力。     

Moracin M的简便合成及其生物活性研究

本文以4-甲氧基水杨醛和3,5-二甲氧基溴化苄为原料,经取代、缩合和水解等3步反应,以38%的总收率合成了Moracin M。分别采用DPPH自由基清除法、小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7模型初步测试了Moracin M的抗氧化活性和体外抗炎活性,结果表明该化合物对DPPH自由基的清除能力很强（IC₅₀=0.0433mg/mL）,优于阳性对照药V_C,且具有一定的抗炎活性。      

Moracin M的简便合成及其生物活性

以4-甲氧基水杨醛和3,5-二甲氧基溴化苄为原料,经取代、缩合和水解等3步反应,以38%的总收率合成了Moracin M。分别采用DPPH自由基清除法、小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7模型初步测试了Moracin M的抗氧化活性和体外抗炎活性,结果表明该化合物对DPPH自由基的清除能力很强(IC_(50)=0.0433 mg/mL),优于阳性对照药V_C,且具有一定的抗炎活性。     

白术多糖指纹图谱和抗氧化活性的谱效关系分析北大核心CSCD

将高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱、抗氧化活性研究与多元统计分析相结合,对不同产地的38批白术多糖进行质量评价.以三氟乙酸水解白术多糖,用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮进行衍生化,采用高效液相色谱法测定其中单糖的衍生物,得到指纹图谱.以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力和Fe^(3+)总还原能力为指标测定抗氧化活性,并对结果进行相似度分析、层次聚类分析和偏最小二乘法-判别分析等多元统计分析.结果表明,白术多糖指纹图谱鉴别了5个共有峰,分别为鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖.基于多元统计分析,浙江、安徽、河北和四川的白术样品分离显著.此外,选择半乳糖醛酸和半乳糖作为潜在的化学标记物,DPPH自由基清除能力对应的抗氧化活性可作为辅助鉴别的候选检测指标.     

新黄酮类化合物的脱甲基反应及其抗氧化活性

以3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛(1)为起始原料,使用文献已报道的三氟乙酸法合成了3个含两个甲氧基取代基的新黄酮类化合物4a-4c,在新制碘化铝的催化下发生脱甲基反应,合成了3个含多个羟基取代基的新黄酮类化合物5a-5c,产率均高于90%.所有目标化合物均经过IR,~1H NMR,ESI-MS对其进行了结构确认.通过测定羟基自由基和DPPH自由基清除活性两个方面评价其抗氧化活性,结果发现,脱甲基后产物活性均增强.     

两种新型水溶性异黄酮衍生物的合成与抗氧化活性

合成了未见文献报道的水溶性的3'-磺酸钠-4',7-二羧甲氧基异黄酮(L1)和3'-磺酸钠-4'-羟基-7-羧甲氧基异黄酮(L2), 采用IR, UV, ¹H NMR和元素分析对其结构进行了表征, 利用荧光光谱法研究了它们和母体大豆甙元(D)对羟基自由基的清除活性, 用紫外光谱法研究了其对超氧阴离子自由基和1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical, 简称DPPH)的清除活性; 并采用量子化学AM1方法在全几何构型优化的基础上进行了电荷布居分析, 计算了它们抽氢反应的生成热(∆H_f), 从而从理论上探讨了目标化合物清除羟基自由基的活性. 实验结果表明本文合成的两种水溶性化合物清除超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基的活性要优于母体大豆甙元, 对于目标化合物清除羟基自由基的活性, 实验和理论结果都显示其清除活性要优于大豆甙元．     

百合磷茎中Regaloside A、Acetylregaloside C与Regaloside B高速逆流色谱分离及生物活性研究

建立了高速逆流色谱分离制备药食同源植物百合磷茎中3个酚酸甘油酯苷的方法,同时测定了化合物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除作用、脂质的过氧化抑制作用及对α-淀粉酶活性的促进作用。以乙酸乙酯-正丁醇-水(0. 5%乙酸,3∶1. 5∶5,体积比)为溶剂系统,上相为固定相,下相为流动相,从250 mg百合磷茎提取物中分离得到4. 2 mg纯度为96. 2%的化合物1,2. 3 mg纯度为95. 1%的化合物2,5. 8 mg纯度为98. 8%的化合物3。经质谱及核磁共振鉴定化合物1~3分别为王百合苷A(Regaloside A)、乙酰化王百合苷C(Acetylregaloside C)、王百合苷B(Regaloside B);活性研究表明,Acetylregaloside C对DPPH自由基清除作用及脂质过氧化抑制作用均最强,Regaloside A与Regaloside B对DPPH自由基清除作用很弱,对脂质过氧化有一定的抑制作用且相近,化合物抗氧化作用强弱为:化合物2 1≈3。化合物在不同浓度下对α-淀粉酶活性的促进作用具有一定差异,但化合物间无显著差异。     

Spectrum–effect relationship study between HPLC fingerprints and antioxidant of honeysuckle extract

Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica flos) is a well‐known agent of edible and medicinal value in China and its antioxidative activity makes a major contribution to its dual use. However, the compounds responsible for its antioxidative activity are still unknown. In this study, 10 batches of honeysuckle were collected from different origins in China. The fingerprints were established by HPLC technique to investigate the compounds and a 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay was carried out to evaluate their antioxidant activity. partial least squares regression analysis was applied to set up the regression equation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and average peak area of common peaks of fingerprints. The results showed that peaks 10 (isochlorogenic acid B), 12 (isochlorogenic acid C), 11 (isochlorogenic acid A) and 9 (cynaroside) in the fingerprints were closely related to the antioxidant activity of 50% methanol extracts of honeysuckle. This study successfully established the spectrum–effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and DPPH radical scavenging activity and provided a general model for exploring active components with a combination of chromatography and efficacy.     

Counterexamples in chemical ring perception

Ring information is a large part of the structural topology used to identify and characterize molecular structures. It is hence of crucial importance to obtain this information for a variety of tasks in computational chemistry. Many different approaches for "ring perception", i.e., the extraction of cycles from a molecular graph, have been described. The chemistry literature on this topic, however, reports a surprisingly large number of incorrect statements about the properties of chemically relevant ring sets and, in particular, about the mutual relationships of different sets of cycles in a graph. In part these problems seem to have arisen from a sometimes rather idiosyncratic terminology for notions that are fairly standard in graph theory. In this contribution we translate the definitions of concepts such as the Smallest Set of Smallest Rings, Essential Set of Essential Rings, Extended Set of Smallest Rings, Set of Smallest Cycles at Edges, Set of Elementary Rings, K-rings, and beta-rings into a more widely used mathematical language. We then outline the basic properties of different cycle sets and provide numerous counterexamples to incorrect claims in the published literature. These counterexamples may have a serious practical impact because at least some of them are molecular graphs of well-known molecules. As a consequence, we propose a catalog of desirable properties for chemically useful sets of rings.     

Computer‐aided prediction of toxicity with substructure pattern and random forest

Toxicity of chemicals induced by different factors is an important consideration, especially during the drug research and development process. Thus, there is urgent need to develop computationally effective models that can predict the toxicity or adverse effects of chemicals for a specific class of chemicals. In this study, random forest (RF) was used to classify five toxicity data sets from Distributed Structure‐Searchable Toxicity database network, using substructure fingerprints calculated directly from simple molecular structure. Three model validation approaches, out‐of‐bag validation incorporated in RF, fivefold cross‐validation, and an independent validation set, were used for assessing the prediction capability of our models. The chemical space analysis of data sets was explored by multidimensional scaling plots, and outlying molecules were also detected by the proximity measure in RF. At the same time, the important substructure fingerprints, recognized by the RF technique, gave some insights into the structure features related to toxicity of chemicals. The results obtained showed that these in silico classification models with substructure patterns and RF are applicable for potential toxicity prediction of chemical compounds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

QSAR models of cytochrome P450 enzyme 1A2 inhibitors using CoMFA,CoMSIA and HQSAR

Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies were conducted on an in-house database of cytochrome P450 enzyme 1A2 inhibitors using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative molecular similarity analysis (CoMSIA) and hologram QSAR (HQSAR) approaches. The database consisted of 36 active molecules featuring varied core structures. The model based on the naphthalene substructure alignment incorporating 19 molecules yielded the best model with a CoMFA cross validation value q² of 0.667 and a Pearson correlation coefficient r² of 0.976; a CoMSIA q² value of 0.616 and r² value of 0.985; and a HQSAR q² value of 0.652 and r² value of 0.917. A second model incorporating 34 molecules aligned using the benzene substructure yielded an acceptable CoMFA model with q² value of 0.5 and r² value of 0.991. Depending on the core structure of the molecule under consideration, new CYP1A2 inhibitors will be designed based on the results from these models.     

Quantitative fingerprinting based on the limited‐ratio quantified fingerprint method for an overall quality consistency assessment and antioxidant activity determination of Lianqiao Baidu pills using HPLC with a diode array detector combined with chemometric methods

Lianqiao Baidu pills are widely used herbal medicinal preparation that were analyzed to develop a quality consistency technique. The characteristic fingerprints of 28 batches of Lianqiao Baidu pill samples were established at five wavelengths and simultaneously assessed by using a limited‐ratio quantified fingerprint method using 15 marker compounds. The principal component analysis and fingerprinting results were compared, and the qualitative classification of the samples by principal component analysis agreed with their quantitative evaluation by the limited‐ratio quantified fingerprint method. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of the samples were surveyed and determined using a 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging approach. A relationship between the common peaks in the fingerprints and the antioxidant activities was established using a partial least squares model. The relationship can be used both to determine the antioxidant activities of the Lianqiao Baidu pill preparations in vitro and as a reference for the selection of active constituents for sample quality classification. The classification results for the samples based on principal component analysis agreed with the quantitative evaluation by the limited‐ratio quantified fingerprint method, which demonstrated that the method can be applied to the holistic quality control of traditional Chinese medicine and herbal preparations.