混合稀土对共晶Al-2％Fe合金组织形态的影响

研究了富La混合稀土对共晶Al-2％Fe合金组织形态的影响。当混合稀土加入量较少时，合金中的α—Al相为明显的胞状枝晶；随着混合稀土加入量的增加，α-Al枝晶优先形核生长得到抑制，共晶Al3Fe相得到细化；当稀土加入量增至0．6％(质量分数)共晶Al3Fe相尺寸逐渐增大。并对混合稀土对共晶Al-2％Fe合金组织形态的影响机制进行了探讨。     

稀土对镁-铝合金抗热裂性能的影响及其机制

研究了稀土（0.1%～1.2%,质量分数）对Mg-Al合金抗热裂性能的影响及其机制.结果表明： 往Mg-Al合金中添加稀土后,合金的抗热裂性能显著下降,其原因可归为： 稀土引起了Mg-Al合金晶粒粗化,使得热裂纹萌生所需的断裂应变降低;稀土减少了Mg-Al合金中的共晶组织,缩短了枝晶通道保持开通的时间,不利于合金进行补缩;而且稀土还提高了共晶反应的温度,使得凝固后期枝晶间液膜的强度有所下降;当α-Mg枝晶连成骨架时,分布在枝晶间的Al11RE3相容易堵塞枝晶通道,增加了合金补缩的难度;Al11RE3相与α-Mg基体的凝固收缩率不同,容易产生凝固收缩应力,促进热裂纹的萌生.     

稀土元素铒对Al-4Cu合金组织与性能的影响

采用拉伸力学性能测试、硬度测试、金相组织观察、透射电镜与能谱分析等方法, 研究了不同量稀土元素Er对Al-4Cu合金组织与性能的影响, 结果表明 稀土Er能够细化Al-4Cu合金的枝晶网胞组织;Er元素对Al-4Cu 合金的再结晶行为起到了抑止作用, 添加0.2% Er能使Al-4Cu合金的再结晶起始温度提高80 ℃左右, 再结晶终了温度提高50 ℃左右; 不同量稀土元素Er不能改善Al-4Cu合金的拉伸力学性能, 甚至在一定程度上使合金的力学性能降低, 这是因为添加到Al-4Cu合金中的Er元素并没有与Al作用形成细小的Al3Er颗粒, 而是与Al, Cu发生交互作用形成了低熔点共晶Al8Cu4Er相, 这使合金的力学性能在一定程度上有所降低.     

混合稀土与铈对铝-镁合金凝固组织及光泽度的影响

研究了混合稀土及铈对铝-镁合金凝固组织、硬度、表面光泽度的影响。稀土加入Al-1.0％Mg-0.5％Si合金中能明显细化合金的凝固组织,且随稀土加入量增加,合金的二次枝晶间距减小。在<6％范围内,随着稀土加入量的增加,合金的硬度明显提高。当加入0.1～0.3％RE时,合金的最大反射率可达89％,并能提高光泽度持久性,当超过0.3％时,光泽度逐渐下降。金属型铸造试样的光泽度比砂型铸造的要高。     

钕对Mg7Zn2Al镁合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、XRD、SEM和万能实验机等手段研究了稀土Nd(0.3%,0.6%,0.9%)对Mg7Zn2Al镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Mg7Zn2Al镁合金中添加Nd后,显微组织中有针状或棒状的Al2Nd和AlNd等稀土相生成,合金中的共晶组织(α-Mg+Mg32(Al,Zn)49+Mg7Zn3)得到了明显细化;但是α-Mg有粗化趋势,呈现发达的树枝状或胞状,共晶相由粗大连续的网状变为细小的块状或颗粒状分布在树枝晶的一次枝晶臂或二次枝晶臂的间隙。随着Nd含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率呈逐渐下降趋势,显微组织的粗化是造成合金拉伸性能降低的主要原因,而硬度没有明显的变化。     

电脉冲作用下共晶铝硅合金凝固组织的变化

本文研究了连续电脉冲处理对共晶铝硅合金凝固组织的影响.结果显示,电脉冲处理后Al-12.5%Si共晶合金的凝固组织中出现了本应在过共晶成分的铝硅合金中才会出现的初生硅.X-射线能谱分析表明,电脉冲处理后α-Al枝晶中固溶Si含量降低.     

Al-Ni-Y三元共晶合金高压凝固组织

利用光学显微镜,扫描电镜,X射线衍射仪对不同压力(2,4,6 GPa)下凝固的Al-1Ni-3Y(%,原子分数)共晶合金组织形貌和相组成进行研究,并且与常压条件下合金凝固组织进行对比。实验结果表明,与常压凝固相比,在超高压力条件下凝固的合金的显微组织形貌发生了很大的改变,但是合金的相组成没有发生变化。常压凝固的合金具有共晶团组织,而高压下凝固的合金具有枝晶状亚共晶组织。高压凝固合金显微组织中出现了大量的初生α-Al相,这表明高压条件下凝固的合金共晶点发生偏移,使得常压共晶成分的合金在高压下变成亚共晶成分合金。同时,共晶组织的形貌发生了很大变化,常压下凝固的合金的组织为Al3Y相与α-Al相形成的菊花状的二元共晶和Al23Ni6Y4相与α-Al相形成的层片状的二元共晶,而高压下这两种共晶组织逐渐转化为离异共晶组织。随着压力的增大,共晶第二相的体积分数减小,α-Al的晶格常数增加。     

钪变质处理对A356合金凝固组织和性能的影响

采用稀土Sc对A356合金进行变质处理,研究了Sc对A356合金的初生α相和共晶硅形态及其力学性能的影响。结果表明:加入Sc在铝熔体中生成Al3Sc可以作为α-Al的非自发形核的核心,显著细化A356合金中的初生α相,由粗大的树枝晶形态变为细小的短枝晶和圆整的颗粒状形态,同时,Sc对共晶硅也具有显著的变质作用,使其由粗大的针片状变为细小的纤维状和蠕点状。当Sc的加入量为0.2%(质量分数)时,对A356合金中初生α相的细化作用和对共晶硅的变质作用即可达到最佳的效果,合金的铸态抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高23.7%和58.1%,在此基础上,继续增加Sc的加入量,对进一步改善合金微观组织和力学性能的作用不显著。     

定向凝固Al-Ni-Y三元共晶合金的相组成与凝固特征

在5 K.mm-1温度梯度下,选用1,5,10 mm.min-1三种拉速率对成分为96.0%Al,1.0%Ni,3.0%Y的三元共晶合金进行定向凝固实验,研究下拉速率对合金组织演化的影响规律。通过X射线衍射和光学显微镜分析表明合金由α-Al相、Al3Y相、Al23Ni6Y4相三相组成。当下拉速率为1 mm.min-1时,合金组织呈现三相共晶结构,纵截面有定向凝固趋势;下拉速率为5和10 mm.min-1时,合金组织演变成两种二相共晶:一种是Al3Y相与α-Al相形成菊花状的不规则二相共晶组织,另一种是Al23Ni6Y4相与α-Al相形成层片状的规则二相共晶组织,纵截面上均有明显的定向凝固特征。     

富镧稀土对消失模铸造B319合金组织的影响

利用等离子发射光谱仪，差分扫描量热仪（DSC），电镜及金相分析等手段，研究了RE对消失模铸造B319铝合金组织的影响。结果表明，在消失模铸造条件下，0．15％RE可使B319铝合金的硅相得到较好的变质效果。但当RE＞0．2％时，会出现富稀土的粗大块状金属间化合物La3Al2Si2，而对机械性能产生不利影响。当Fe/Mn=1.2时，消失模铸造组织中存在中国文字状的α－Fe和针状β-Fe铁相以及Al2Cu相。AlCu相可以离异共晶的形式析出，β-Fe及Si相均可以作为Al2Cu相的形核基底。而在金属型铸造组织中，铁相则完全以铁状的β-Fe形式存在。研究还表明，0．02％Sr变质使B319合金共晶转变温度下降了7℃。而RE的加入会使合金的共晶温度升高，采用0．2％RE对B319合金进行变质处理，其共晶温度从570．0℃升高到了572．0℃。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。