NO与Ag(110)表面的相互作用

采用Ｘ射线光电子能谱、紫外光电子能谱和原位Ｒａｍａｎ光谱研究了ＮＯ和Ｏ２在Ａｇ（１１０）表面的吸附和反应。结果表明，室温条件下，ＮＯ在银表面不发生明显的吸附和分解，氧的加入导致了ＮＯ在角表面的氧化反应生成吸附态的氮氧化物和原子态氧。     

NiO（100）面小分子（CO,NO,O2）吸附的DV—Xa嵌入簇模型研究

采用在晶体场中嵌入原子簇的量子化学ＤＶ－Ｘａ方法，计算了小分子ＣＯ，ＮＯ，Ｏ２等在ＮｉＯ（１００）面上阳离子吸附位上的吸附行为，发现有两种不同的作用存在于ＸＯ／ＮｉＯ（１００）吸附体系中，一种是表面电场对吸附分子的静电作用，大小顺序为：ＣＯ＞ＮＯ＞Ｏ２；另一种是吸附分子与表面原子间的轨道相互作用，大小顺序为：ＮＯ＞Ｏ２＞ＣＯ。ＣＯ与表面的相互作用主要是静电作用；在ＮＯ以及Ｏ２分子的吸附中，静电作用     

NiO（100）面小分子（CO，NO，O_2）吸附的DV－X_α嵌入簇模型研究

采用在晶体场中嵌入原子簇的量子化学ＤＶ－Ｘ_α方法，计算了小分子ＣＯ、ＮＯ、Ｏ_２等在ＮｉＯ（１００）面上阳离子吸附位上的吸附行为，发现有两种不同的作用存在于ＸＯ／ＮｉＯ（１００）吸附体系中，一种是表面电场对吸附分子的静电作用，大小顺序为：ＣＯ＞ＮＯ＞Ｏ_２；另一种是吸附分子与表面原子间的轨道相互作用，大小顺序为：ＮＯ＞Ｏ_２＞ＣＯ．ＣＯ与表面的相互作用主要是静电作用；在ＮＯ以及Ｏ_２分子的吸附中，静电作用和轨道相互作用都有贡献。定性解释了ＸＯ分子吸附的ＩＲ光谱行为．     

电极表面结构及有机添加物对C60电还原过程的影响

研究了不同电极表面结构及有机添加剂对Ｃ６０电化学还原过程的影响。实验结果表明，富勒烯及其阴离子的电还原活性取决于电极表面结构的影响，即：ｉｐｃ（多晶）〉ｉｐｃ［Ｐｔ（１１１）］〉ｉｐｃ［Ｐｔ（１１０）］，且在Ｐｔ（１１１）及Ｐｔ（１１０）晶面上Ｃ６０＾１－及Ｃ６０＾２－的还原电位均有一定的位移。另外，实验结果还表明当溶液中分别添加苯胺及邻氨基酚时，其对Ｃ６０电还原过程的影响机理将有所不同。     

~(15)NO与Mo(100)-c(2×2)N表面相互作用的HREELS和TDS研究

利用高分辨电子能量损失谱（ Ｈ Ｒ Ｅ Ｅ Ｌ Ｓ） 和热脱附谱（ Ｔ Ｄ Ｓ）, 研究了１５ Ｎ Ｏ 在 Ｍｏ（１００）ｃ（２×２） Ｎ 表面上的吸附态及其随温度的变化． １２０ Ｋ 时, 在 Ｍ ｏ（１００）ｃ（２×２） Ｎ 表面低暴露量的１５ Ｎ Ｏ 发生解离和分子吸附, 解离生成的１５ Ｎ 在１ ２３０ Ｋ 与另一１５ Ｎ 原子或氮化钼中的１４ Ｎ 原子并合、脱附． 在升温时大部分分子吸附的１５ Ｎ Ｏ 发生解离和反应, 解离生成的１５ Ｎ 原子与另一１５ Ｎ 原子生成１５ Ｎ２ 而脱附, 或与表面残存的１５ Ｎ Ｏ 生成１５ Ｎ２ Ｏ 脱附． １５ Ｎ２ Ｏ 的脱附峰温与 Ｍｏ（１００）表面相比, 升高了约１５０ Ｋ, 可能与形成氮化钼后电子由金属钼向非金属氮转移有关． 电子能量损失谱（ Ｅ Ｌ Ｓ）表明, １５ Ｎ Ｏ 在 Ｍｏ（１００）ｃ（２×２） Ｎ 表面生成了一种新的１４ Ｎ１５ Ｎ Ｏ 物种． ３００ Ｋ 时, 低暴露量的１５ Ｎ Ｏ 在 Ｍ ｏ（１００）ｃ（２×２） Ｎ 表面解离吸附; 高暴露量时, 存在分子吸附的１５ Ｎ Ｏ．     

Cu－Fe－Ce－O／γ－Al_2O_3催化CO＋NO反应的TP－FT－IR研究

运用ＴＰ－ＦＴ－ＩＲ技术研究了ＣＯ、ＮＯ、ＮＯ＋ＣＯ在负载型Ｃｕ－Ｆｅ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ（Ⅰ）和Ｃｕ－Ｆｅ－Ｏ（Ⅱ）催化剂上的吸附行为。研究表明，ＮＯ具有比ＣＯ更强的吸附能力，可与表面氧反应生成硝基、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐等物种．在ＮＯ＋ＣＯ反应过程中，在催化剂表面存在（ＣＯ．ＮＯ）＊表面络合物（２４００—２４３０ｃｍ￣（－１））和ＮＣＯ＊（异氰酸盐）表面物种，其关系为：ＣＯ＊＋ＮＯ＊→（ＣＯ．ＮＯ）＊＋＊→ＮＣＯ＊＋Ｏ＊．在（Ⅱ）中加入铈，能提高ＣＯ在表面的吸附强度，使ＮＣＯ＊的稳定性下降，同时对ＮＯ在表面的吸附产生影响。根据研究的结果，提出了ＮＯ＋ＣＯ在模型催化剂上的表面反应机理．     

Rh/Al2O3上CO和NO的吸附性能及相互作用

利用ＴＰ－ＩＲ动态方法研究了ＣＯ和ＮＯ在Ｒｈ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３上吸附性能和相互作用的动态行为，结果表明，Ｒｈ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的孪生中心对ＣＯ的吸附强于对ＮＯ的吸会，线式和桥式中心则对ＮＯ的吸附强于对ＣＯ的吸附，ＣＯ和ＮＯ共吸附－ＴＰ（ＣＯ和ＮＯ中）－ＩＲ动态过程结果揭示出２２２４ｃｍ＾－１谱带的出现和强度的增加与孪生ＣＯ谱带以及吸附的ＮＯ谱带的强度减弱同时发生，表明是由吸附的ＮＯ和孪生ＣＯ形成Ｒｈ－ＮＣＯ。     

担载Rh／Al2O3催化剂表面吸附态的加压原位红外光谱表征

应用加温加压气固多相催化原位红外光谱反应器,在Ｈ２／ＣＯ＝２：１（ｍｏｌ）、０．５￣５．０ＭＰａ和２０￣３００℃的接近ＣＯ＋Ｈ２工业反应条件下,考察了还原态和氧化态Ｒｈ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂表面ＣＯ吸附态,关联了吸附态与催化剂活性的关系。实验结果表明,还原态的Ｒｈ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂一氧化碳加氢生成烃类,其催化剂表面存在三种ＣＯ吸附态：线式Ｒｈ（ＣＯ）,孪生式Ｒｈ（ＣＯ）２和桥式Ｒｈ２ＣＯ。在常温常压下     

CO和CH3ONO在Al2O3负载钯铜合金催化剂上合成草酸二甲酯…

利用原位红外光谱技术研究了常压下ＣＯ和ＣＨ３ＯＮＯ多相催化合成草酸二甲酯的反应，发现在草酸二甲酯生成的同时还存在副反应，副产物ＮＯ继续与ＣＯ反应生成ＣＯ２和Ｎ２Ｏ铜在合金催化剂中辅助作用，铜分散钯，使ＣＯ桥式吸附减少，线式吸附增多，主反应与ＣＯ桥式吸附无关，而副反应却依赖于ＣＯ的桥式吸附，ＣＯ线式吸附具有更高的反应活性。     

NO、CO和O_2在铜离子分子筛上吸附的理论研究

以Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５离子交换分子筛为例,利用Ｈａｒｔｒｅｅ－Ｆｏｃｋ和ＤＦＴ理论,对小分子（ＮＯ,ＣＯ和Ｏ２）在Ｃｕ＋上吸附的空间立体模型进行了优化计算 结果表明,ＣＵ＋与小分子之间形成直线形吸附最为稳定,也存在其他成一定角度的吸附,但是不稳定．计算了吸附过程的势能曲线和温度对吸附的影响,在５００－８００ Ｋ的反应温度下,温度越低吸附越稳定．ＮＯ在 Ｃｕ表面能够形成 Ｃｕ＋（ＮＯ）（ＯＮ）双分子吸附．最后,比较了价态的变化对金属吸附性质的影响．     

预吸附氧对NO在Pt(110)表面吸附和分解的影响

 利用程序升温反应谱、X射线光电子能谱和高分辨电子能量损失谱研究了NO在清洁和预吸附氧的Pt(110)表面的吸附和分解. 在清洁的Pt(110)表面,室温下低覆盖度时NO以桥式吸附为主,高覆盖度时NO以线式吸附为主. 加热过程中部分NO(主要是桥式吸附物种)分解,生成N2和N2O. 室温下O2在Pt(110)表面发生解离吸附. Pt(110)表面预吸附氧会抑制桥式吸附NO的生成,并导致其脱附温度降低40 K. 降低脱附温度有利于桥式吸附NO的分子脱附,从而抑制分解反应. 这些结果从表面化学的角度合理地解释了铂催化剂在富氧条件下对NO分解能力的降低.     

Interaction of Pt clusters with the anatase TiO(2)(101) surface: a first principles study

The adsorption of Pt(n)() (n = 1-3) clusters on the defect-free anatase TiO(2)(101) surface has been studied using total energy pseudopotential calculations based on density functional theory. The defect-free anatase TiO(2)(101) surface has a stepped structure with a step width of two O-Ti bond distances in the (100) plane along the [10] direction and the edge of the step is formed by 2-fold-coordinated oxygen atoms along the [010] direction. For a single Pt adatom, three adsorption sites were found to be stable. Energetically, the Pt adatom prefers the bridge site formed by 2 2-fold-coordinated oxygen atoms with an adsorption energy of 2.84 eV. Electronic structure analysis showed that the Pt-O bonds formed upon Pt adsorption are covalent. Among six stable Pt(2) adsorption configurations examined, Pt(2) was found to energetically favor the O-O bridge sites on the step edge along [010] with the Pt-Pt bond axis perpendicular to [010]. In these configurations, one of the Pt atoms occupies the same O-O bridge site as for a single Pt adatom and the other one either binds a different 2-fold-coordinated oxygen atom on the upper step or a 5-fold-coordinated Ti atom on the lower terrace. Three triangular and three open Pt(3) structures were determined as minima for Pt(3) adsorption on the surface. Platinum trimers adsorbed in triangular structures are more stable than in open structures. In the most stable configuration, Pt(3) occupies the edge O-O site with the Pt(3) plane being upright and almost perpendicular to the [001] terrace. The preference of Pt(n)() to the coordinately unsaturated 2-fold-coordinated oxygen sites indicates that these sites may serve as nucleation centers for the growth of metal clusters on the oxide surface. The increase in clustering energy with increasing size of the adsorbed Pt clusters indicates that the growth of Pt on this surface will lead to the formation of three-dimensional particles.     

Systematic DFT-GGA study of hydrogen adsorption on transition metals

Computational study of hydrogen adsorption on (111) surface of transition metals with face centered cubic (fcc) lattice is reported and the results are compared with available experimental and theoretical data. In addition, dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on Pt(111), Pt(100) and Pt(110) is studied in the range of coverage from 0.25 to 1 monolayer. In the case of Pt(111) preferential adsorption site was found to be three-coordinated fcc-hollow site, while on Pt(100) and Pt(110) surface hydrogen settles on two-coordinated bridge and short bridge site, respectively. Hydrogen adsorption energy was found to decrease with the increasing coverage. Structural changes of studied Pt surfaces upon hydrogen adsorption have been compared with the experimental data existing in the literature and good qualitative agreement has been obtained.     

氢原子在Pt及Pt系双金属催化表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(dFT)考察了Pt(100)、(110)、(111)三种表面氢原子的吸附行为, 计算了覆盖度为0.25 ML时氢原子在Pt 三种表面和M-Pt(111)双金属(M=Al, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Pd)上的最稳定吸附位、表面能以及吸附前后金属表面原子层间弛豫情况. 分析了氢原子在不同双金属表面吸附前后的局域态密度变化以及双金属表面d 带中心偏离费米能级的程度并与氢吸附能进行了关联. 计算结果表明, 在Pt(100), Pt(110)和Pt(111)表面, 氢原子的稳定吸附位分别为桥位、短桥位和fcc 穴位. 三种表面中以Pt(111)的表面能最低, 结构最稳定. 氢原子在不同M-Pt(111)双金属表面上的最稳定吸附位均为fcc 穴位, 其中在Ni-Pt 双金属表面的吸附能最低, Co-Pt 次之. 表明氢原子在Ni-Pt 和Co-Pt 双金属表面的吸附最稳定. 通过对氢原子在M-Pt(111)双金属表面吸附前后的局域态密度变化的分析, 验证了氢原子吸附能计算结果的准确性. 掺杂金属Ni、Co、Fe 的3d-Pt(111)双金属表面在吸附氢原子后发生弛豫, 第一层和第二层金属原子均不同程度地向外膨胀. 此外, 3d金属的掺入使得其对应的M-Pt(111)双金属表面d带中心与Pt 相比更靠近费米能级, 吸附氢原子能力增强, 表明3d-Pt系双金属表面有可能比Pt具有更好的脱氢活性.     

DFT investigation of CO adsorption on Pt(211) and Pt(311) surfaces from low to high coverage

Adsorption of CO on Pt(211) and Pt(311) surfaces has been investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) method (periodic DMol3) with full geometry optimization. Adsorption energies, structures, and C-O stretching vibrational frequencies are studied by considering multiple possible adsorption sites and comparing them with the experimental data. The calculated C-O stretching frequencies agree well with the experimental ones, and precise determination of adsorption sites can be carried out. For Pt(211), CO adsorbs at the atop site on the step edge at low coverage, but CO adsorbs at the atop and bridge sites simultaneously on both the step edge and the terrace with further increasing CO coverage. The present results interpret the reflection adsorption infrared (RAIR) spectra of Brown and co-workers very well from low to high coverage. For Pt(311), CO adsorbs also at the atop site on the step edge at low coverage. The lifting of reconstruction by CO adsorption occurs also for Pt(311), whereas the energy gain for lifting the reconstruction of the Pt(311) surface is smaller than that for Pt(110). The largest difference between the stepped Pt(211)/Pt(311) and Pt(110) surfaces is the occupation on the edge sites at higher coverage. For the stepped surfaces, the bridge site begins to be occupied at higher coverage, whereas the atop site is always occupied for the Pt(110) surface.     

Structure and activity of oxidized Pt(110) and alpha-PtO2

We present a density functional theory study of the structure and reactivity of Pt(110) under high loads of atomic oxygen. Surface structures in which the oxygen adsorbs on PtO2-like stripes along the Pt ridges of the Pt(110) are found to be highly stable. The structures become further stabilized when Pt atoms are ejected from the Pt ridges since this allows for stress relief along the PtO2 stripes. Our results thus corroborate the Pt(110)-(12x2)-22O surface oxide structure proposed by Li et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett., 2004, 93, 146104]. We further considered the structure and stability of bulk alpha-PtO2 oxide surfaces. The (0001) and (1010) facets are found to be the lowest energy facets. Finally, the reactivity of the surface oxide and the oxide surfaces in terms of CO oxidation was investigated. We find small energy barriers for the reaction at the Pt(110)-(12x2)-22O surface oxide and at the (1010) facet of alpha-PtO2, but only large barriers over the alpha-PtO2(0001) surface.     

Reduction of NO adlayers on Pt(110) and Pt(111) in acidic media: evidence for adsorption site-specific reduction

We present a combined in situ Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy and voltammetric study of the reduction of saturated and subsaturated NO adlayers on Pt(111) and Pt(110) single-crystal surfaces in acidic media. The stripping voltammetry experiments and the associated evolution of infrared spectra indicate that different features (peaks) observed in the voltammetric profile for the electrochemical reduction of NO adlayers on the surfaces considered are related to the reduction of NO(ads) at different adsorption sites and not to different (consecutive) processes. More specifically, reduction of high- and intermediate-coverage (ca. 0.5-1 monolayers (ML)) NO adlayers on Pt(110) is accompanied by site switching from atop to bridge position, in agreement with the ultra-high-vacuum data. On Pt(111) linearly bonded (atop) NO and face-centered cubic 3-fold-hollow NO species coexist at high coverages (0.25-0.5 ML) and can be reduced consecutively and independently. On Pt(111) and Pt(110) electrodes, linearly bonded NO species are more reactive than multifold-bonded NO species. Both spectroscopic and voltammetric data indicate that ammonia is the main product of NO(ads) reduction on the two surfaces examined.     

In situ oxidation study of Pt(110) and its interaction with CO

Many interesting structures have been observed for O(2)-exposed Pt(110). These structures, along with their stability and reactivity toward CO, provide insights into catalytic processes on open Pt surfaces, which have similarities to Pt nanoparticle catalysts. In this study, we present results from ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory calculations. At low oxygen pressure, only chemisorbed oxygen is observed on the Pt(110) surface. At higher pressure (0.5 Torr of O(2)), nanometer-sized islands of multilayered α-PtO(2)-like surface oxide form along with chemisorbed oxygen. Both chemisorbed oxygen and the surface oxide are removed in the presence of CO, and the rate of disappearance of the surface oxide is close to that of the chemisorbed oxygen at 270 K. The spectroscopic features of the surface oxide are similar to the oxide observed on Pt nanoparticles of a similar size, which provides us an extra incentive to revisit some single-crystal model catalyst surfaces under elevated pressure using in situ tools.     

DFT study of interaction of O, O2, and OH with unreconstructed Pt(hkl) (h, k, l = 0, 1) surfaces—similarities, differences, and universalities

Adsorption of O, O₂, and OH on Pt(111), Pt(100), and Pt(110) surfaces was studied using periodic DFT calculations. It was found that generally adsorbate-surface interaction strengths increase with the decrease in surface packing density. On the Pt(111) surface the dissociation of O₂ molecule was not predicted, but it was predicted on Pt(100) and Pt(110) surfaces. While the strength of the adsorbate-substrate interaction decreases with the rise in surface coverage by O atoms, in the case of OH adsorption adsorbate layer gets stabilized at higher surface coverage through the hydrogen bonding. In spite of all the mentioned differences, single parameter of surface electronic structure was identified, being useful for the explanation of the adsorption trends at different adsorption sites for O and OH adsorption on Pt surfaces of various crystallographic orientations and also provided a deeper understanding of atomic oxygen adsorption as a function of surface coverage.