有机硼小分子受体材料

<正>有机太阳能电池具有柔性、重量轻、溶液加工、成本低的突出优势,适合未来在便携式能源中应用,是当前的国际科学研究热点~(1–4)。有机太阳能电池以有机/高分子给体材料和受体材料的共混物作为光电活性层。受益于稠环芳烃类小分子受体材料的开发,近几年来有机太阳能电池领域迅速发展,其单结器件的效率已经超过了14%,展现了巨大的应用潜力~3。     

基于非富勒烯电子受体的半透明有机太阳能电池

半透明有机太阳能电池以其独特的光电特性在建筑集成光伏上具有广阔的应用前景。非富勒烯小分子受体近几年发展十分迅速。其中,基于非富勒烯小分子受体的半透明有机太阳能电池具有较高的光电转换效率和平均可见光透过率,因而得到了广泛关注。本文总结了近几年来非富勒烯受体型半透明有机太阳能电池的最新研究进展,探究活性层材料设计及器件构型优化对半透明有机太阳能电池的影响,希望为半透明有机太阳能电池在今后研究中新材料体系的优选提供一定的参考。     

基于非富勒烯受体的溶液加工型全小分子太阳能电池研究进展

有机太阳能电池(OPV),具有质量轻、可成本低制备等优势,是一种具有实际应用潜力的光伏技术。有机太阳能电池活性层可以由共轭聚合物或溶液可加工的小分子材料(给体与受体)共混组成。由于小分子材料具有明确的分子结构,纯度可控及无批次差别影响的特点;并结合近年来非富勒烯小分子受体的快速发展,使得非富勒烯全小分子(NF-SM-OPV)电池研究受到广泛关注。由于大部分A-D-A型非富勒烯受体分子具有各向异性的特点,这使激子解离和电荷传输,很大程度上受分子间堆积方式的影响,导致非富勒烯全小分子电池活性层形貌调控更加复杂。虽然非富勒烯小分子太阳能电池具有非富勒烯受体材料和小分子材料的双重优势,但高效率非富勒烯小分子太阳能电池的制备,仍具有很大挑战。因此,本文总结近年来高性能非富勒烯小分子太阳能电池的相关进展。着重介绍针对非富勒烯受体的给体小分子材料设计工作,并在此基础上近一步讨论非富勒烯小分子太阳能电池面临的挑战与展望。     

基于卟啉的新型近红外非富勒烯电子受体分子

正有机太阳能电池因其质轻、柔性和可溶液加工等优点而具有潜在应用前景1。有机太阳能电池的性能主要取决于活性层对光的吸收和转换过程,因此活性层材料的开发成为研究关键。当前活性层主要采用由给体和受体共混的本体异质结结构,其中大量高性能的共轭高分子和小分子给体     

A-D-A型小分子电子给体中的端基优化和高效率光伏器件

<正>相较于传统的无机太阳能电池,有机太阳能电池(OSCs)具备成本低、重量轻、可通过溶液加工方式制备柔性器件等诸多优点,已经成为具有重要应用前景的太阳能利用方式之一~(1,2)。自1995年俞刚等发明了具有本体异质结结构(BHJ)的OSC以来~3,采用共轭聚合物电子给体和小分子电子受体材料构建BHJ光伏活性层的电池能量转换效率     

非富勒烯小分子有机太阳能电池电子受体材料的研究进展

富勒烯及其衍生物是一类重要的n-型电子受体材料,在有机太阳能电池器件中发挥了至关重要的作用. 但由于富勒烯材料吸光波长较窄、亲和能高、溶解性差等,严重限制了富勒烯作为有机太阳能电池n-型电子受体材料的更广泛应用和器件性能的进一步提升. 非富勒烯n-型电子受体材料具有能级可调、合成简便、加工成本低、溶解性能优异等特点,更重要的是,此类材料在可见太阳光光谱中比富勒烯及其衍生物材料有更加宽广的吸收范围;近年来,受到越来越多的关注和研究. 本文较为系统地阐述了非富勒烯小分子材料作为有机太阳能电池n-型电子受体材料的研究进展,并对其发展前景作了展望.     

非富勒烯类有机小分子受体材料

在本体异质结太阳能电池的研究过程中,异质结活性层材料的发展一直是最基本最核心的部分,活性层材料包括给体材料和受体材料,其中给体材料的研究一直占据着主导地位,很多课题组报道的器件效率已经超过8%;而受体材料的研究却相对单一,大部分研究都围绕富勒烯及其衍生物.近年来非富勒烯类的有机小分子受体材料由于其易于合成与纯化、通过分子设计使能级更方便调节等优点引起了人们的广泛关注并且取得了很大进展,目前以它作为受体材料的电池效率可以达到4%.综述了近年来几类非富勒烯类有机小分子受体材料的研究进展,包括它们的分子设计及其在光伏器件中的应用,最后我们讨论了提高非富勒烯类的有机小分子受体材料器件性能的关键因素及其研究前景.     

有机太阳能电池性能衰减机理研究进展

近年来随着非富勒烯Y系列明星分子受体的出现, 单结有机太阳能电池的光电转换效率已经突破19%, 但是器件在运行条件下缺乏良好的稳定性, 严重制约了其商业化发展. 因此越来越多的研究聚焦于造成有机太阳能电池性能衰减的原因以及如何提高有机太阳能电池的稳定性. 由于有机太阳能电池复杂的器件结构、不尽相同的活性层材料以及在稳定性研究中条件的差异, 造成了对有机太阳能电池器件衰减研究的困难. 为了更全面地了解有机太阳能电池的衰减过程, 对近些年有机太阳能电池器件衰减过程的研究成果进行综述, 总结了由于给受体材料化学分解、活性层形貌变化、传输层和电极腐蚀以及界面反应等原因造成的器件性能衰减, 并介绍了近些年关于提高器件稳定性的一些策略, 最后对有机太阳能电池的未来发展进行了展望.     

基于方酸菁类小分子给体与富勒烯受体材料的有机光伏电池研究进展

方酸菁类小分子材料具有合成路线简单、吸收系数高、能带隙可调、可见-近红外区吸收强烈的性质以及光、热稳定性高的特点,被认为是一类非常有应用前景的有机光伏电池材料.其作为给体材料,结合富勒烯受体材料的有机光伏电池能量转化效率已经超过了8%.综述了近年来基于方酸菁类小分子给体材料和富勒烯受体材料的有机光伏电池的研究进展,系统分析了方酸菁类小分子的分子结构、薄膜形貌和分子聚集等对器件光伏性能的影响.为方酸菁类小分子材料在有机光伏电池方面的应用拓宽了思路,并对以后的研究提出了展望.     

有机光伏材料的分子设计与器件性能研究

有机太阳能电池具有重量轻、柔性、半透明等突出优点,是新一代光伏技术的重要发展方向.有机光伏材料是有机太阳能电池的核心,决定着器件的能量转换效率.因此,发展合理的分子设计策略制备高效有机光伏材料是提升有机太阳能电池效率的关键.本文总结了有机光伏材料的研究进展,着重阐述烷硫基侧链策略在调控给/受体材料能级、提升光伏性能方面的应用,论述从光伏材料的分子设计层面有效调控材料的聚集态行为、优化活性层形貌的策略,以及探讨现阶段有机光伏领域存在的科学问题及发展方向.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.