β-环糊精微球对染料分子吸附作用研究

以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,采取反相乳液聚合得到β-环糊精微球(EPI-β-CD),经丁二酸酐酰化后得到微球表面具有羧基的β-环糊精微球(SUC-EPI-β-CD),分别采用红外光谱、扫描电镜和激光粒度分析仪表征了其结构及形貌特征.选择染料亚甲基蓝(MB)和甲基橙(MO)作为模型分子,考察了所合成微球的吸附性能.结果表明:由于β-CD与两种染料分子的相互作用力不同,微球EPI-β-CD吸附亚甲基兰染料的能力强于甲基橙;两种微球对MB的吸附等温数据与Freundlich方程拟合较好,且均为优惠吸附;羧丁基酰化β-环糊精微球(SUC-EPI-β-CD)表现出较明显的pH敏感性.     

β－环糊精高聚物对芳香类化合物包络吸附性能研究

选择酚类和芳香胺类化合物作为底物分子，研究了一类新型的β－环糊精高聚物（ＰＳ－ＰＧＭＡ－βＣＤ）对它们的包络吸附性能．结果表明．β－环糊精高聚物依据β－环糊精分子的包络作用，可以选择性地识别位置异构体．吸附容量与β－环糊精固载容量有关．     

β-环糊精与阿霉素表面包络作用的电化学研究

研究了阿霉素（ADM）在β-环糊精（β-CD）修饰金电极上（β-CD/Au）的电化学行为.结果表明,ADM在β-CD/Au电极上发生表面包络反应.25℃,pH=7.0时,该电极表面包络常数为9.54×104 L·mol^-1,并随温度呈规律性变化,最适宜反应温度为30℃.该电极ADM包络呈准可逆的电化学反应,速率常数为...     

钠盐对聚丙二醇与β-环糊精超分子聚集体的组成、结构和降解的影响

本文报道了一系列钠盐在调控聚1,2-丙二醇(PPG)与β-环糊精(β-CD)超分子组装过程中的重要作用。首先,几个从钠盐溶液中沉淀出来的组装体在PPG与β-CD的化学计量比上存在着差异,对于NaCl和Na2CO3得到的是PPG-(β-CD)7,对于NaAsO2得到的是PPG-(β-CD)8,此结果与从水中得到的产物PPG-(β-CD)5以及从锂盐溶液得到的产物PPG-(β-CD)6完全不同;其次,基于3个独立的实验(包括黏度、表面张力、摩尔电导率)所得结果的比较可以部分地解释产物组成上的差别;最后,场发射扫描电子显微镜、热重分析表征结果表明:产物即使具有相同的组成,它们的表面结构和物理性质也相当不同,这说明了盐效应在设计、构建超分子聚集体中的重要性和复杂性。     

包合态氯氰菊酯气相色谱分析问题研究

1引言结构适宜的脂溶性化合物被β-环糊精（β-CD）包合后,极性、热稳定性和光谱特征等物理性质与游离的客体分子有明显的差异。这便提出了一个新的问题——非包合态客体的定量分析方法能否实用于它的包合物,尤其是色谱或光谱法。本文对氯氰菊酯（LQ）β-CD包合物的气相分析方法进行了研究。β-CD-LQ是农药制剂的一个创新品种,它的定量分析关系到质量检测和制量标准的制定。IQ通常用气相色谱法测定,这一方法能否直接用于它的包合物的定量检测,还需加以考证。2实验部分2．1试剂和仪器β-CD（陕西佳县生物化工公司）;LQ（河南省…     

CO分子在不同类型Al2O3表面的吸附构型和电子结构

采用基于赝势平面波基组的密度泛函理论方法对CO分子在α-Al₂O₃（0001）以及γ-Al₂O₃的（100）、（110C）、（110D）表面上的吸附构型和电子结构进行系统研究.计算结果表明,CO倾向于选取C端吸附在表层Al原子上,并主要通过其5σ轨道与表面发生作用,吸附后部分电子从CO转移到底物,导致各Al₂O₃表面功函均发生不同程度的下降,与气相相比,吸附后CO分子的C-O伸缩振动频率均发生蓝移.通过对比CO在各表面上的吸附情况,可以看出CO可作为检测Al₂O₂不同类型表面活性中心的有效探针分子.     

C2H2在Ru(1010)表面上的分子轨道对称性

利用角分辨紫外光电子能谱对低温下（160 K）乙炔（C2H2）气体在Ru()表面的吸附 进行了研究.实验结果表明：乙炔的C-C轴并不平行于衬底表面, C-C轴在<0001>晶向和表 面法线组成的平面内有一定的倾斜.与气相乙炔分子不同,在Ru()表面吸附的乙炔分子的C-H 轴不是沿C-C轴向.     

β-环糊精对氨基苯甲酸同分异构体的分子识别作用的研究

采用荧光光谱法系统研究了β-CD对o-, m, p-氨基苯甲酸同分异构体的分子识别作用,详细讨论了介质酸度对包合过程的影响,测定了它们之间形成包合物的包合常数,比较了β-CD对三者的包合能力,提出了相应的包合机理.用一维、二维核磁共振技术对包合部位进行了探讨,并结合分子力学计算以及计算机模拟技术提出了包合物的空间构型.分子力学计算得出的结果与NMR方法所得结果相吻合.     

C_2H_2在Ru(10■0)表面上的分子轨道对称性

利用角分辨紫外光电子能谱对低温下（160 K）乙炔（C_2H_2）气体在Ru(10■0)表面的吸附进行了研究.实验结果表明：乙炔的C-C轴并不平行于衬底表面, C-C轴在<0001>晶向和表面法线组成的平面内有一定的倾斜.与气相乙炔分子不同,在Ru(10■0)表面吸附的乙炔分子的C-H轴不是沿C-C轴向.     

β-环糊精在TiO2上的吸附及其对光催化影响研究

用酚酞法测定TiO2悬浮液中β-环糊精(β-CD)的量以及用β-CD溶液平衡的TiO2经过滤、洗涤和干燥后进行漫反射红外光谱和XPS能谱表征．结果表明：β-CD分别在纳米和P25型TiO2表面通过羟基间作用形成化学吸附，吸附量与溶液pH值有关，且最大吸附量在TiO2等电点附近．β-CD可提高两种TiO2对甲基橙光催化脱色速率.提高的效率与溶液pH值有关．实质上，提高的效率与β-CD在TiO2表面吸附量和甲基橙在TiO2表面的静电吸附量有关，即与甲基橙-β-CD—TiO2三元间的相互作用有关。     

Cyclodextrins Binding to Paeonol and Two of Its Isomers in Aqueous Solution. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and 1H NMR Investigations of Molecular Recognition

Interactions between CDs with three substituted phenols, paeonol (Pae), acetovanillone (Ace) and 2-hydroxyl-5-methoxy-acetophone (Hma), which are isomers, have been determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and ¹H NMR in aqueous solution at 298.2 K. Both the binding thermodynamics and ¹H NMR spectra show that the interaction between α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) molecule and each guest molecule is extremely weak. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the binding processes of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with the isomers are mainly entropy driven and that β-CD binds with Pae or Ace in 1:1 stoichiometry, whereas with Hma binds in 1:1 and 2:1 stoichiometries. The thermodynamic parameters also suggest that γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) binds each isomer in the same 1:1 stoichiometry. The binding processes of Pae and Hma with γ-CD are enthalpy driven whereas Ace with γ-CD is predominantly driven by entropy. The ¹H NMR spectra reveal that the three isomers were trapped into the torus cavity of the β-CD molecule from the narrow side during the binding process. Pae penetrates into the γ-CD cavity from the primary rim of the macrocycle whereas Ace does so from the secondary rim, but Hma appears not interact with the internal cavity of γ-CD at all.     

Theoretical study of the inclusion processes of octopamine with β-cyclodextrin: PM6, ONIOM,and NBO analysis

The inclusion process involving β-cyclodextrin with octopamine (OA) was investigated by using PM6, HF/3-21G*, B3LYP/6-31G (d), WB97XD/6-31G (d) methods and several combination of ONIOM2 hybrid calculations. The obtained results clearly indicate the orientation in which the guest molecule penetrates into the hydrophobic cavity of β-CD with the aromatic ring is energetically preferred. The structures show the presence of several intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions that were studied on the basis of natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis, employed to quantify donor–acceptor interactions between host and guest molecules. A study of these complexes in solution was carried out using the CPCM model to examine the influence of solvation on the stability of the octopamine/β-CD complex.     

Inclusion complexes of sulphanilamide drugs and β-cyclodextrin: a theoretical approach

PM3 theoretical methodology was used to access and compare the relative stability of inclusion complexes formed by sulphadiazene, sulphisomidine, sulphamethazine and sulphanilamide with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The study predicted that (i) the heterocyclic ring is encapsulated in the hydrophobic part and aniline ring is present in the hydrophilic part of the β-CD cavity and (ii) intermolecular hydrogen bonds were formed between host and guest molecules. The negative free energy and enthalpy changes indicated that all the four inclusion complexation processes were spontaneous and enthalpy driven process. HOMO and LUMO orbital investigation confirmed that the stability increased in the inclusion complexes and also proved no significant change in the electronic structure of the guest and host molecules after complexation.     

β-环糊精与18-冠-6超分子包合物的形成、结构和热降解

采用元素分析、¹H核磁共振谱(¹H NMR)和电喷雾电离质谱研究了两个大环主体分子β-环糊精(β-CD)和18-冠-6 (18C6), 结果显示, 二者通过简单地混合形成了计量比为1:1的超分子包合物18C6-β-CD. 基于二维核磁共振谱(ROESY)的分析, 提出了分子间相互作用的可能位点: 18C6更倾向于驻留在β-CD的小口端. 用热重分析和气相色谱飞行时间质谱比较了包合作用前后热降解过程包括降解度和降解产物的差异性, 研究表明, 18C6的存在促使β-CD提前分解, 同时, 由于分子间相互作用, 导致二者分解产物中大碎片的相对含量大幅减小. 这些结果显示, 一个柔性大环分子18C6和一个刚性大环分子β-CD之间通过分子组装可以形成超分子包合物.     

Thermodynamic properties of inclusion complexes of α-cyclodextrin + aliphatic nitriles (H(CH2) n CN: n = 1–8) in aqueous solution

In order to investigate the contribution of the hydrophilic parts of guest molecules of aliphatic complexes to the inclusion reaction, the thermodynamic properties of inclusion complexes of cyclodextrin (α-CD) with aliphatic nitriles [H(CH₂) _n CN: n = 1–8] into the α-CD cavity in dilute aqueous solutions were measured by a micro-calorimeter at 298.15 K. The thermodynamic properties of inclusion for the octane nitrile system were different from those of others. The inclusion process of aliphatic nitriles to α-CD has two kinds of major driving force of enthalpy and entropy driven inclusion. The interaction energies of inclusion complexes of α-CD and aliphatic nitriles were determined by DFT calculation (B3LYP/6-31++G (d,p)) in water and compared with the experimental results. DFT calculations were performed on the inclusion complexes of α-CD with seven nitriles of each conformer. Both the gas phase interaction and solvent effect were taken into consideration. Also non-polar interactions between aliphatic nitriles + α-CD in aqueous solution were calculated and herein the inclusion energy is discussed.     

Interaction between β-cyclodextrin and ionic liquids in aqueous solutions investigated by a competitive method using a substituted 3H-indole probe

We report herein the interaction of three kinds of ionic liquids, i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (bmimPF₆), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (bmimBF₄) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (bmimCl) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) using 2-(p-aminophenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-5-carboethyoxy-3H-indole (1) as a fluorescent probe through a competitive method. The formation of the 1:1 (guest:host) inclusion complex was suggested and the association constants at different temperatures were estimated, from which the thermodynamic parameters ΔG^Θ, ΔH^Θ and ΔS^Θ were also obtained. The negative entropy and enthalpy changes indicated that the formation of above inclusion complexes was entropically unfavorable and enthalpy-driven. Conductivity measurements were also employed to study above systems. The results showed agreement with those based on the competitive method. Furthermore, through NMR, the location of anions in the system of ILs and β-CD was investigated. We suggested that the anion was accommodated to a great extent by the cavity forming ion pair with imidazolium cation which was totally in the cavity of β-CD. The above work demonstrated that molecule 1 is a very sensitive fluorescence probe for studying the interaction of a non-fluorescent guest with cyclodextrins.     

Spectrofluorometric, thermal, and molecular mechanics studies of the inclusion complexation of selected imidazoline-derived drugs with β-cyclodextrin in aqueous media

The inclusion complexes of selected imidazoline-derived drugs, namely Antazoline (AN), Naphazoline (NP) and Xylometazoline (XM) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were investigated using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and molecular mechanics (MM) calculations and modeling. The modified form of the Benesi-Hildebrand relation was employed for estimating the formation constant (K_f) of the 1:1 inclusion complexes, which was applied based on measuring the variation in the fluorescence intensity of the guest molecule as a function of growing β-CD concentration. On the other hand, the formation of the inclusion complexes was verified by analyzing solid samples of the complexes using DSC. The thermodynamics of the inclusion complexation, standard enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy changes −(ΔS°) were obtained from the temperature-dependence of K_f. Obtained values of ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that the inclusion process favorably proceeds through enthalpy changes that was sufficiently predominant to compensate for the unfavorable entropy changes. MM calculations revealed that the proposed drugs molecules can form 1:1 inclusion complexes with β-CD that are stabilized predominantly through van der Waals forces. In addition, MM calculation provided the energetically favored configuration of the inclusion complexes, where NP and XM can be included inside the β-CD cavity through its wide rim, whereas AN can penetrate through the narrow rim of the β-CD cavity.     

Molecular dynamics study of host–guest interactions in cyclodextrins: methodology and data analysis for a comparison with solution data and the solid-state structure

A general method is proposed to model the behavior of cyclodextrins (CDs) and of their inclusion compounds through energy minimizations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at a constant temperature. In this way, the formation of a host–guest compound is obtained starting from many trial geometries with the guest outside the CD cavity without any a priori assumption. The MD simulation results are analyzed through two functions: (i) the similarity maps of the root-mean-square distances between instantaneous conformations found in the MD runs to recognize different families of conformers; (ii) the pair distribution function PDF, yielding the probability density of finding appropriate atom pairs as a function of their distance at equilibrium. As an example, the inclusion compound formed by β-CD and (−)-menthol-β-d-glucoside is investigated. The lowest-energy inclusion compound is in good agreement with the results of single-crystal X-ray analysis, while at room temperature the MD runs show a closely similar arrangement with thermal fluctuations. In this case, the PDF between diagnostic hydrogen atoms of β-CD and of the guest molecule are fully consistent with the experimental NOE results obtained from NMR measurements in solution.     

α-环糊精与季铵盐型双子表面活性剂包结作用的研究

在293.15 K下用微量热法结合核磁共振波谱研究了α-环糊精与三种阳离子型双子表面活性剂((CnN)2Cl2, n=12, 14, 16) 在水溶液中的包结作用. 实验结果表明, 包结物都相当稳定, 且随着疏水链CnH2n+1中碳原子数目的增加, 主-客体包结物的化学计量比由2∶1为主变为6∶1为主, 最大化学计量比的主-客体包结物形成过程的标准焓变(ΔHӨ) 和标准熵变(ΔSӨ) 均为负值且绝对值逐渐增大. 包结物的形成均属焓驱动过程. 1H核磁共振数据表明, (C12H25N)2Cl2的存在使α-环糊精上各质子的化学位移向高场移动, 从微观上证明了包结作用的发生.     

Thermodynamics of the interaction between hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin and alkanols in aqueous solutions

The interactions of hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin (HP-α-CD) with 1-alkanols and with some α,ω-alkanediols have been studied by calorimetric titration at 298.15 K. This technique enables the determination of the enthalpy and association constant for the complex formation, from which Gibbs energy and entropy can be derived. The results are compared to those reported for the complex formation between the native α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and 1-alkanols or α,ω-alkanediols in the literature. Thermodynamic parameters corresponding to the transfer process of the alkanol from the native to the modified α-CD are also calculated. The results clearly show that the hydrophobic interactions are important in this process, but there are other effects like the size of the alkanol that are also of some importance.